Story Characters Research Articles

Toposes <i>Steppe – City – Plant</i> in A. P. Chekhov’s Prose Poetics of 1890s. The Functions

Purpose. The subject of the article is the functional aspect of the major late A. P. Checkhov’s works topics. Steppe, city and plant / factory are polyfunctional space types and concepts.Results. The steppe topos incorporated into Chekhov’s poetics and concepts in the 1880s, was developing in the 1890s in its existential meaning. The steppe topos in two short stories, At Home and The Petcheneg, represents a disastrous space. The main character of the first story, Vera Kardina, realizes her regress into wildness; the protagonist of the se cond story would never realize it. So, Vera’s decision is to be useful in her local social life; the Petcheneg, on contrary, is metaphorically dead.The city topos is investigated in its major variant “the province”. The genius of the place is narrow-minded hypocrisy, total distrust and boredom. Misayl Poloznev, the personage of My Life, lives his own life in spite of the common way of living. Doctor Startsev, the protagonist of Ionych, could not overcome a city’s inertia of deindividualization.The plant / factory topos marks a place of machinery, antagonistic to any human – proprietors and workers. In the novella A Woman’s Kingdom the plant’s master is unhappy and lonesome, in A Doctor’s Visit the factory symbolizes a devil. A young lady, the proprietor, is ready to leave the place and seek her own path.Conclusion. Toposes the steppe, the city and the plant have a triple function. The first is a plot function (the action catalysator), the second is a conceptual (generation of negative senses), the third is architectonic (values structure).

HEGEMONI DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN TEH DAN PENGKHIANAT KARYA IKSAKA BANU

This research discusses the aspect of hegemony in the short story collection "Teh dan Pengkhianat" by Iksaka Banu. The purpose of this study is to describe the characters, plot, and setting, as well as to describe the domination and hegemony in the short story collection "Teh dan Pengkhianat" by Iksaka Banu. Methodologically, a qualitative descriptive approach is used, while theoretically using a literary sociology approach. The collected data is then analyzed to assess and identify the aspects of Antonio Gramsci's hegemony in the short story collection "Teh dan Pengkhianat" by Iksaka Banu. The analysis result of "Hegemony in the Short Story Collection 'Teh dan Pengkhianat' by Iksaka Banu" shows the existence of total hegemony, declining hegemony, and minimum hegemony imposed by the Dutch on the natives as an effort to perpetuate their power in the Dutch East Indies. The aspect of hegemony can be seen from the ideas, storyline, narrative, and dialogue conveyed by the characters in the short stories "Sebutir Peluru Saja" and "Di Atas Kereta Angin". Hegemony in this short story collection can be identified through structural analysis which includes characters and characterization, plot, setting, time setting, and social setting.

Children’s Narrative Retells: The Influence of Character Realism and Storybook Theme on Central and Peripheral Detail

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Anthropomorphized animal characters have been associated with negative influences on educational outcomes for young children, for example story comprehension and prosocial learning from moral tales. In this study we investigate how character realism and moral theme influence young children’s recall of the story content. Retells were examined for length, syntactic complexity, and centrality as indices of memory and understanding. Participants were 171 children (age 3–7 years) from 6 rural schools in the Northwest of England. We found no significant influence of story character on the measures under test. Retells with a prosocial sharing theme had higher syntactic complexity and greater centrality than those with a busy theme. Practice or Policy: The results suggest that animal characters are not necessarily an impediment to coherent representations of stories. The central message from a prosocial themed story appeared to be more strongly retained than that of a closely matched story with no prosocial lesson. This suggests story theme to be a potential influence that should be considered when testing children’s narrative comprehension.

Utilizing Indonesian Metropop Novels as Material and Media in Sosiology of Literature Learning

This study aims to explain the use of Indonesian metropop novels as material and media in teaching the sociology of literature in universities. The sociology of literature course aims to provide students with an understanding of the relationship between literary works and various social phenomena that occur in society. Through this course, students gain knowledge about the basic concepts of the theory of sociology of literature and various forms of research using the theory of sociology of literature. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The results of the study show that Indonesian metropop novels describe a socio-cultural phenomenon in society, especially the lifestyle and culture of urban communities who live and live in big cities which are shown through story characters. Thus, Indonesian metropop novels can be used as material and media sociology of literature learning.

The role of visual imagery in story reading: Evidence from aphantasia

Aphantasia is a condition in which people are unable to experience visual imagery. Since visual imagery is thought to be key to language processing, we hypothesized the experience of a story would differ between individuals with aphantasia and controls. Forty-seven individuals with aphantasia were compared to fifty-one matched controls on their experience of reading a short story and their general reading habits. Aphantasics were less likely to be engaged with, interested in, and absorbed in the story, and experienced reduced emotional engagement with and sympathy for the story characters, compared to controls. Yet, aphantasics and controls did not differ in how much they liked or appreciated the story, and in general, the reading habits of the two groups also did not differ. Results have implications for embodied theories of language, suggesting visual imagery may influence how a story is experienced, but it is not the only route to story enjoyment.

Analisis Bayangan Dalam Macbeth Karya William Shakespeare

Macbeth was one of William Shakespeare's famous plays that used many shadows to beckon events to come in this story. In Macbeth's stories shadows are used to create tensions and raise questions about agency and moral responsibility in the drama. This study aims to analyze and identify the use of additives in the text and connect it to the development of themes and characters in Macbeth's story. In addition, the researchers also used interpretation and evaluation. After evaluating "Macbeth," the researcher gives his own view of the work. This data-research method employs a qualitative approach. Research shows that parallels are used in "Macbeth" to predict the direction of the story, build tensions, and develop character. Parallels are used to show changes in character and awareness of responsibility dealt with by Macbeth. Examples of vocations used in "Macbeth" include witch prophecies, soliloquy Macbeth, hallucinations and visions, and the use of invention. These barriers help build tensions and predict the tragic end of the main character

Archetypes of Woman Characters in the Select Short Stories of Nick Joaquin

Archetypes of Woman Characters in the Select Short Stories of Nick Joaquin

The Application of Greimas's Factor Model to the Characters of the Short Story "On the Train" by Muhammad Taymur

The Application of Greimas's Factor Model to the Characters of the Short Story "On the Train" by Muhammad Taymur

Forecasting Cryptocurrency Market Trends with Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Cryptocurrency became an important participant on the financial market as it attracts large investments and interests. With this vibrant setting, the proposed cryptocurrency price prediction tool stands as a pivotal element providing direction to both enthusiasts and investors in a market that presents itself grounded on numerous complexities of digital currency. Employing feature selection enchantment and dynamic trio of ARIMA, LSTM, Linear Regression techniques the tool creates a mosaic for users to analyze data using artificial intelligence towards forecasts in real-time crypto universe. While users navigate the algorithmic labyrinth, they are offered a vast and glittering selection of high-quality cryptocurrencies to select. The ability of the tool in analyzing past data on historical prices combined with machine learning, orchestrate an appealing scene of predictions equipped with choices and information, users turn into the main characters in a financial discovery story conducted by the cryptocurrency system. The numerical results also support the effectiveness of the tool as highlighted by standout corresponding numbers such as lower RMSE value 150.96 for ETH and minimized normalized RMSE scaled down to under, which is. The quantitative successes underline the usefulness of this tool to give precise predictions and improve user interaction in an entertaining world of cryptocurrency investments.

O regresso do inatingível objeto de desejo. Leitura do conto de Henry James “O Altar dos Mortos”

Authors like Freud and Lacan often recurred to fiction in order to illustrate psychopathological structures. Starting from a psychoanalytical perspective, this paper focuses on the main character of the short story ‘The Altar of the Dead’ by Henry James. We argue that the different strategies he displays during his life, as described by the author, are in fact a way to avoid confronting the object of desire and suggest an obsessional structure. For the obsessional subject, all that matters is to assure the object’s subsistence while making it untouchable. Desire is thus conceived as impossible, and this is one of the ways of granting the ex-sistence of the object that arouses it. The idealization of death, the inhibition of sensual love and the ritualization of his existence are the symptoms of a personal struggle that will prove to be absolutely unsolvable.

PSYCHOLOGISM IN THE WORKS OF S. LENZ ("THE OLDEST WOMAN")

Objective. The objective of the article is to identify and characterise the peculiarities of the forms and types of psychologism in the works of S. Lenz translated into Ukrainian (on the basis of “The Oldest Woman” translated by Volodymyr Vasyliuk). Methods. The main scientific results are obtained through a component analysis of the manifestations of the psyche of the characters in the story "The Oldest Woman". The main attention is paid to the psychoanalytic interpretation of emotions, states, feelings of the main character, and the means of expressing the psychological character of the work. Results. In national literary studies, the works of the twentieth-century German writer S. Lenz have not often been the object of attention, although the themes and issues of this writer's works are quite relevant. The problem of the psychologism of S. Lenz's short fiction, his mastery of depicting the psyche and psychology of the characters in his works has been touched upon tangentially in academic works. In “The Oldest Woman”, the organisation of the text plays an important role in achieving psychologicalism. The psychological tension is maintained by an inexplicable dramatic change in the main character's state and moods. For the character of the short story "The Oldest Woman", the decisive feeling is fear. Such a contrast in the tone of the narrative also creates a considerable psychological tension both in the text itself and for the reader. Because of the fear of losing her pension, the woman completely and consciously changes her lifestyle. At first, due to the enthusiastic description at the beginning of the novel, it does not occur to the reader that someone like Birta could be afraid of anything. The author does not reveal the reasons for Birta's frailty until the end of the novel. In addition, the description of the protagonist's states, moods, and feelings is constantly accompanied by a vivid artistic detail, which sometimes reveals the essence of the experience. The narrator in the work helps the reader create a psychological portrait of the characters, revealing their characteristics, thoughts, and aspirations. Particularly valuable are the statements and comments on the characterisation of Birt. The reader's perception and understanding of the character's character and main experiences is based on the narrator's vision of her: he shares his admiration for the physical strength of 92-year-old Birta and creates an image of a strong and unwavering, physically enduring woman, which he supports throughout the text with comments, encouragements to the reader to think, imagine, etc.

Traumatic Characters’ Re-Victimisation Through Death Instincts In Selected Contemporary Malaysian Noir Narratives

Sigmund Freud first coined the concept of ‘death instinct’ in his controversial work Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) by stating that all beings are driven towards death as the result of living. The concept was introduced to explain the reasons for traumatised individuals to undergo a ‘compulsion to repeat’ their traumatic state. This concept will be applied to the textual analysis of selected characters who had undergone traumatic experience(s) fromthree Malaysian noir short stories published by Fixi Novo and written by three different authors. These stories were chosen since they took place in an urban community with its storyline regulating sexual abuse that leads to murder. The paper aims to (a) identify the traumatic event(s) experienced by selected characters in the short stories which provoke(s) their primal ‘death instinct’ and (b) examine how the concept ‘death instinct’ by Sigmund Freud compelled selected characters to repeat their trauma outwardly to undo their trauma. The study discovered that ‘death instinct’ is crucial as an intrinsic force to help victims of trauma psychically undotheir traumatic experience by repeating the act of violence upon others as a disguised form of self-gratification in response to a traumatic condition of urban society.Keywords: death instinct, Malaysian literature, noir, trauma, violence

ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN THE SHORT STORY THE SUMMER SOLSTICE BY NICK JOAQUIN

Language and literature are essentially connected, and one cannot function without the other. Thus, this study analyzes the language functions used by the main characters in the short story The Summer Solstice by Nick Joaquin. This study aims to determine the types of Language functions in the short story and identify the most dominant language function used by the main characters. Moreover, the study also aims to analyze the context of the language functions identified. The researchers used Janet Holmes’ Theory of Language Function (2013) to analyze the utterances of the main characters and Dell Hymes' SPEAKING Model to analyze the context of the language functions in each utterance. The researchers then applied the descriptive qualitative design to systematically analyze the data. The result of this study shows that out of the eight (8) language functions identified by Janet Holmes (2013), only seven (7) types of language functions were found in the short story, namely expressive, directive, heuristic, referential, metalinguistic, phatic functions. On the other hand, poetic function was not found in this research. The findings revealed that this story dominantly uses expressive functions, in which the speaker's emotion is what captures the interest of the readers.

Children’s multisensory experiences in museums: how olfaction interacts with color

This case study was designed to engage children’s sense of smell through a story-related museum exhibition. Children’s responses to the exhibition, with particular attention to their olfactory perceptions of the odors at the exhibition, were solicited through researcher-child interviews and children’s drawings. Responses from 28 children (girls N = 14, boys N = 14) aged between 4.5–8 years were analyzed after they visited the exhibition using the cross-modal association and multisensory theories. Interview data showed that dark (brown and black) colors elicited children’s negative olfactory associations for both positive and negative odors. Children’s drawings did not seem to make references to the odors at the exhibitions but rather their preferences for the different story characters. We theorize about the associations between smell and colors in children’s responses and distil some key learnings for multisensory museology.

Personality and Emotion in Strong-Story Narrative Planning

Believable characters are core elements of a coherent story. Qualities that make story characters more believable include goals, beliefs, personality, and emotion. We propose computational models of emotion and personality by adapting the OCC model of emotion and the Five Factor personality model. Our models are formulated into multi-agent strong-story narrative planning with the promise of being highly reusable and domain independent. We evaluate these models using multiple human subject studies. We show that our model's reasoning about character emotions matches the expectations of human readers, and using our emotion model, we can generate a larger set of stories than precedent narrative planners. We also demonstrate that human readers can perceive and recognize the personalities of story characters through their consistent behavior generated by our model. Our final experiment supports that human readers significantly find the behavior generated by our models of emotion and personality more believable than behavior that lacks either or both.

The Gospel Text in the Legacy of N. F. Fedorov and the Idea of Projectivity of Literature

The article discusses the features of the interpretation of the gospel text by the philosopher N. F. Fedorov. It demonstrates that for the philosopher, the Gospel is not only the “eternal book” of humanity that influenced the development of literary and artistic creativity, but also a life-transforming project accomplished in the unity of human effort and God’s grace. According to Fedorov’s historiosophical model, evangelical images and plots mark the transition from “history as a fact,” based on fratricidal strife and struggle, to “history as a project,” in which the human race consciously and freely chooses the path of following Christ, accepts the ideal of love and sacrifice as the basis of thought and action, and then to “history as an act,” which becomes the realization of the “good news” about the Kingdom of God, the “work of salvation,” the work of resurrection and regulation. The fate of the prodigal son, the prudent robber, the centurion, Zacchaeus, etc. in Fedorov’s interpretation, they symbolize the turn of humanity from the “fallen state” to the divine-human service. The projective approach to evangelical images and plots echoes the philosopher’s projective approach to literary texts and is aligned with the philosopher’s interpretation of the world literary types — Hamlet, Manfred, Faust Don Juan, who, like the characters of a gospel story, act as carriers of certain ideals and images of action. However, unlike the latter, they remain within the framework of the “minor” choice. Fedorov asserts the ideal of “universal realism,” which sets the prospect of the world’s transformation. The philosopher considers the adult choice of literature, its missionary role in the liturgization of creativity, part of which may be a new development of gospel themes and plots. Just as in the analysis of literary works Fedorov builds on the plots of “Faust,” “Dead Souls,” he builds the stories of the prudent robber, Lazarus, etc., stretches the threads of interaction between the gospel plots, reconstructs the links of the gospel story, creating projects of future novels that the masters of the word should embody.

Pragmatic Study of Illocutionary Speech Acts in the Short Story Shoriul Hasad by Taha Husein

As social creatures, humans cannot be separated from speaking activities. In speaking activities, the speech that occurs between the speaker and the interlocutor is not just about saying something, but is also used to carry out an action. Illocutionary speech acts not only occur in everyday communication, but in short story literary works which are depictions of life, there are also illocutionary speech acts in speech between characters. Illocutionary speech acts play a very important role in conveying the message in the short story to the readers. The author chose the short story Shoriul Hasad by Taha Husein as the research object because the author was interested in how illocutionary speech acts were in the speech spoken by the characters in the short story. The method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method, namely describing the found facts in the form of analysis. This research is included in library research where all data sources are written and obtained through various literature sources related to the research. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that in the short story Shoriul Hasad by Taha Husein, 14 sentences were found which are illocutionary speech acts in the form of representative, directive, expressive and commissive. Illocutionary speech acts in representative form consist of 2 sentences which are utterances to tell something. Illocutionary speech acts in the form of directives consist of 6 sentences consisting of 1 prohibiting utterance, 3 requesting utterances, 1 commanding utterance, 1 advising utterance. Illocutionary speech acts in expressive form consist of 5 sentences consisting of 2 utterances showing liking and 3 utterances showing dislike. The commissive illocutionary speech act consists of 1 sentence which is 1 threat utterance.

EmoStory: Emotion Prediction and Mapping in Narrative Stories

A well-designed story is built upon a sequence of plots and events. Each event has its purpose in piquing the audience's interest in the plot; thus, understanding the flow of emotions within the story is vital to its success. A story is usually built up through dramatic changes in emotion and mood to create resonance with the audience. The lack of research in this understudied field warrants exploring several aspects of the emotional analysis of stories. In this paper, we propose an encoder-decoder framework to perform sentence-level emotion recognition of narrative stories on both dimensional and categorical aspects, achieving MAE=0.0846 and 54% accuracy (8-class), respectively, on the EmoTales dataset and a reasonably good level of generalization to an untrained dataset. The first use of attention and multi-head attention mechanisms for emotion representation mapping (ERM) yields state-of-the-art performance in certain settings. We further present the preliminary idea of EmoStory, a concept that seamlessly predicts both dimensional and categorical space in an efficient manner, made possible with ERM. This methodology is useful in only one of the two aspects is available. In the future, these techniques could be extended to model the personality or emotional state of characters in stories, which could benefit the affective assessment of experiences and the creation of emotive avatars and virtual worlds

ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF THE NOVEL IN MIHRAB CINTA BY HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY

This research uses descriptive research methods. The data source used in this research is the novelette Dalam Mihrab Cinta. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the intrinsic elements of the work consist of a calm religious theme because it discusses natural religious issues, the message conveyed by the author is in the form of a moral message that we should not slander people because slander is an act that is very detrimental to ourselves and others, the plot used in the novelette In Mihrab Cinta this is a mixed plot because the series of stories are interconnected with each other, the story characters are Syamsul Hadi' and Nadia. Other figures (extras) are: Pak Kiai, Burhan, Pak Bambang (Syamsu's father), Bu Bambang (Syamsul's mother), Nadia, his two older brothers, Pak Abbas, Silvie, Dalmayanti, Pak Broto, Della, Pak Heru, Silvie's father , Pak Anuar, Pak Utsman, Bu Heru, Doddy Alfad, Mas Budi, The setting of the novelette Dalam Mihrab Cinta is in several places, including, at Islamic boarding schools, at home, Central Java, Upper Semarang, Jakarta, at the mosque, Villa Gracia , Flamboyan 19, Flamboyan 17, in front of the house, at Kediri Police Station, Cipuput market. Setting time: noon, before Asr, ten minutes, ten minutes later, already one week, next week, that afternoon, one year, one month, one year, in the evening, Asr, Maghrib time, Sunday morning, end of last month, five o'clock afternoon, Bakda Maghrib, the next day, the last day of the month of Shaban, the holy month of Ramadan, after Maghrib, the 8th of Rahmadhan. The results of this study are expected to provide information and benefits to other writers in writing literary works.

How useful is religious language for expressing children’s spiritual concepts?

ABSTRACT Previous studies noted that primary-aged children (5–11) were reluctant to use religious vocabulary for expressing spiritual concepts. This study explores if that was due to the difficulty of using religious words, or if religious language itself is less useful than other styles for expressing spiritual concepts. Children were presented with a story character who responds to life situations by praying in various styles. The children could choose which prayer they preferred, selecting from formal, poetic, natural or simple prayers. The first style employed religious language, the second had the cadences and literary metre of storybooks, the third mimics the speech of parents and the fourth seeks to emulate children’s own voices. Statistical analysis revealed that: children liked ‘special’ (but not necessarily religious) and ordinary language equally; their preferences were not dependent on comprehension; adult leaders mis-understood children’s preferences; formal language was strongly preferred for a particular situation; the children expressed complex attitudes towards God more than the adults. The paper concludes by suggesting practical applications of the findings and possible modifications of our theology of childhood.