Storm Surge Disaster Research Articles

Comprehensive risk analysis of storm surge flood based on WebGIS

The comprehensive risk analysis of storm surge flood is vital to the safety management of sea embankment, the scientific assessment of storm surge disaster and the improvement of emergent treatment in storm surge hazard. Based on the research of disaster-causing, disaster-pregnant and disaster-bearing factors, the influencing factors of storm surge risk are concluded to be flood natural risk, embankment position, embankment width and height. The membership degree of the factors of storm surge risk is firstly determined by storm surge flood evolution based on WebGIS, and the comprehensive risk membership and risk grade of each influencing factor are obtained. Then the effects of a single factor on comprehensive risk and sensitivity analysis are discussed, and the storm surge flood risk map is obtained. Finally, the storm surge of Tianjin Binhai New Area is taken as a case. The results show that the influencing degree of the factors on the comprehensive risk membership is in decreasing order of flood natural risk, embankment position, embankment width and height. The flood risk map of the case is drawn, which is useful to decrease losses caused by storm surge disaster.

Effect of hurricane paths on storm surge response at Tianjin, China

A hurricane induced storm surge simulation system was developed for Tianjin coast, which consists of a hurricane model and a storm surge model. The peak storm surge result of the simulation agreed well with that of the observation. Three observed paths (Rita, Mimie and WINNIE) and a hypothetical path (Rita2) were chosen as the selective hurricane paths according to their positions relative to Tianjin. The sensitivity of Tianjin storm surge to the four paths was investigated using the validated storm surge simulation system. Three groups of experiments were done. In group one, the models were forced by the wind field and air pressure; in group two and three the models were forced by the wind only and the air pressure only respectively. In the experiments, the hurricane moved with a fixed speed and an intensity of 50 year return period. The simulation results show that path of the type Rita2 is the easiest to cause storm surge disaster in Tianjin, and the effect of air pressure forcing is most evident for path of the type Rita in Tianjin storm surge process. The above conclusions were analyzed through the evolution of the wind fields and the air pressure distributions. Comparing the experiment results of Group one, two and three, it can be seen that the storm surge is mainly induced by the wind forcing and the nonlinear interaction between the effect of wind forcing and air pressure forcing on the storm surge tends to weaken the storm surge.

The Study of the Impact for Coastal Engineering on High Water Level Induced by Storm Surges in Bohai Bay

Bohai Bay is an semi-closed bay, the storm surge disaster is very serious in past. Now more and more large ocean engineering are built here, To study changes of storm surge induced by the construction of large-scale coastal engineering in Bohai Bay in present, 2D numerical storm surge model is established with large - medium - small model nested approach. The three most typical storms surges: 9216, 9711 and by cold wave in October 2003 are simulated in the condition of before and after implementation of planning projects in Bohai Bay. Changes of storm surge water level due to implementation of artificial projects are analysis in this paper.

Storm surge disaster evaluation model based on an artificial neural network

Back propagation is employed to forecast the current of a storm with various characteristics of storm surge; the technique is thus important in disaster forecasting. One of the most fuzzy types of information in the prediction of geological calamity is handled employing the information diffusion method. First, a single-step prediction model and neural network prediction model are employed to collect influential information used to predict the extreme tide level. Second, information is obtained using the information diffusion method, which improves the precision of risk recognition when there is insufficient information. Experiments demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper is simple and effective and provides better forecast results than other methods. Future work will focus on a more precise forecast model.

Vulnerability assessment of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong Province

Abstract. Being bordered by the South China Sea and with long coastline, the coastal zone of Guangdong Province is often under severe risk of storm surges, as one of a few regions in China which is seriously threatened by storm surges. This article systematically analyzes the vulnerability factors of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong (from Yangjing to Shanwei). Five vulnerability assessment indicators of hazard-bearing bodies are proposed, which are social economic index, land use index, eco-environmental index, coastal construction index, and disaster-bearing capability index. Then storm surge vulnerability assessment index system in the coastal area of Guangdong is established. Additionally, the international general mode about coastal vulnerability assessment is improved, and the vulnerability evolution model of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong is constructed. Using ArcGIS, the vulnerability zoning map of storm surges in the study region is drawn. Results show that there is the highest degree of storm surge vulnerability in Zhuhai, Panyu, and Taishan; second in Zhongshan, Dongguan, Huiyang, and Haifeng; third in Jiangmen, Shanwei, Yangjiang, and Yangdong; fourth in Baoan, Kaiping, and Enping; and lowest in Guangzhou, Shunde, Shenzhen, and Longgang. This study on the risk of storm surges in these coastal cities can guide the land use of coastal cities in the future, and provide scientific advice for the government to prevent and mitigate the storm surge disasters. It has important theoretical and practical significance.

PREDICTION OF STORM SURGE INTENSITY IN COASTAL DISASTER EVALUATION

In coastal area, serious storm surge disasters are frequently caused by the higher tidal level and concomitant huge wave heights toward shoreline. Qingdao is located at the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula of China. The storm surge disaster in Qingdao depends on various influencing factors such as the intensity, duration, and route of the passing typhoon. In order to make up the defects of the warning water level, a Poisson Bi-variable Gumbel Logistic Distribution is presented to predict storm surge intensity. On the basis of observed records of tidal level and simultaneously occurred wave height series that are sampled from typhoon processes in Qingdao coastal area of China since 1949, the return periods of typhoon surge are estimated by this model. Then a new criterion is put forward to classify intensity grade of disaster-induced typhoon surges. A practical case indicates that the new criterion is clear in probability concept, easy to operate, and fits the calculation of typhoon surge intensity. Thus the procedure with the proposed statistical model will be a reference for the disaster mitigation in the other coastal area influenced by typhoons.

UNCERTAINTY OF EXTREME STORM SURGE ESTIMATION BY HIGH WIND SEA SURFACE DRAG COEFFICIENT AND FUTURE TYPHOON CHANGE

Japan has been constructing long coastal defense since the storm surge disaster with a loss of 5,000 lives by Typhoon Vera in 1959. The defense is designed for the storm water level including the storm surge of the standard typhoon based on Typhoon Vera. Stochastic typhoon model, simulating various typhoon track and intensity with Monte Carlo method, is one of useful tools to estimate the return period. According to recent research output the return period of the storm surge of the standard typhoon is near 100 years or more at three major bays in Japan. But there is uncer-tainty by some of parameters and models in the stochastic simulation. Sea surface drag coefficient under high wind speed and future change in typhoon intensity and track are critical to extreme values of the storm surges.

Dynamic Estimation of the Maximum Potential Wind Speed in the Bay of Tokyo Based on the Typhoon Potential Vorticity Bogussing System

In this study, the typhoon potential vorticity bogussing system (TYPVB) and high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) are utilized to estimate the maximum potential wind speed in the bay of Tokyo. TYPVB can initialize the 3-dimensional well-matured typhoon structure for MM5 entirely consistent with the atmospheric dynamics, and MM5 can make it strike the arbitrary geographical area wherever powerful measures to prevent storm surge disaster are demanded. As a result of the appropriate settings of typhoon environment in TYPVB, it becomes obvious that well-matured typhoons which are modeled as Typhoon Vera (1959) causes a resultant wind speed of about 40m/s in the bay of Tokyo, where the worst wind speed is weakened by about 5m/s owing to the shadow effect of the upstream peninsula.

A Survey on Tsunami and Storm Surge Disaster Prevention Recognition of Young People

This paper considers that recognition about young people, Japan. Recently, the natural disaster increases and it is generated frequently in Japan. For reduction of natural disaster damage, it is utilizing both hardware and software sides. However, disaster prevention technology using hardware is not so advanced from the problem on the budget side. Therefore, it is important to use disaster prevention technology using software like hazard map and information propagation and method to visualize the tsunami and storm surge by the hydraulic model.In this study, the questionnaire survey of the understanding level to people's hazard maps, the ideas, and the disaster and disaster recognition was executed. Finally, it is examined to effective use of the hazard map and idea of disaster recognition in the future.

Problems toward the Risk Evaluation of Storm Surge Disasters at the Lowland Farmlands

Problems toward the Risk Evaluation of Storm Surge Disasters at the Lowland Farmlands

Climate Change and the Future Impacts of Storm-Surge Disasters in Developing Countries

As the climate changes during the 21st century, larger cyclonic storm surges and growing populations may collide in disasters of unprecedented size. As conditions worsen, variations in coastal morphology will magnify the effects in some areas, while largely insulating others. In this paper, we explore the implications for 84 developing countries and 577 of their cyclone-vulnerable coastal cities with populations greater than 100,000. Combining the most recent scientific and demographic information, we estimate the future impact of climate change on storm surges that will strike coastal populations, economies and ecosystems. We focus on the distribution of heightened impacts, because we believe that greater knowledge of their probable variation will be useful for local and national planners, as well as international donors. Our results suggest gross inequality in the heightened impact of future disasters, with the most severe effects limited to a small number of countries and a small cluster of large cities.

Estimation of Protection Level and Risk Analysis of Long Term for Storm Surge Disaster of the Central Port in the ISE Bay

A new scheme of numerical simulation of storm surge inundation has been developed. With this simulation model, abnormal high storm surges generated by typhoon5915 around the coasts of Ise Bay were well reproduced. Inundation simulation method induced by overflow, overtopping and dike breach is incorporated into this model. Furthermore, the storm surge level and inundation area is simulated under the several conditions about storm surge, which are based on the future disaster risks. The inundation map combined with the GIS can be designed. Using the results of this inundation simulation, estimation of protection level and risk analysis of storm surge disaster at the Nagoya Port are performed. The information of this paper is used for the planning of hard and soft countermeasures in the Port.

Consideration on Soft- Disaster Prevention Aiming at Storm Surges Disaster

In Sakaiminato district that has received a storm surge disaster, the present study conducted a questionnaire survey for consciousness of residents on the disaster prevention. Additionally, our previous evacuation scenario was extended and improved by including questionnaire entries relative to the conditions of a refuge and an existence of nursing person. By investigating from the statistical approaches regarding the causal relation between the disaster prevention consciousness and the decision making of evacuation, effective policies for the disaster prevention consciousness of residents were considered. The vulnerability in evacuation routes was examined using the improved evacuation simulation model.

Field Survey of Storm Surge Disaster due to Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar

Field surveys were performed in the Yangon River Basin to learn lessons out of severe disasters due to Cyclone Nargis. It was found that the tide due to the storm surge was up to 3-4m around 50 kilometers upstream of the river mouth of Yangon River. According to interviews with the local residents, it also appears that significant flooding took place at inland areas as a result of the upsurge through the tributaries or channels from the main river. Apart from the nvestigation, the tracks for the present and past cyclones (1945-2007) have been analyzed based on a string of best track data. The results reveal that quite a small number of cyclone (roughly 2 times on average every 10years) have hit the southern coast of Myanmar compared to the number of cyclones that hit the coast of Bangladesh, and that the route that Nargis traced is rather unique.

균일 흐름에 놓인 테트라포드 후류 유동특성에 대한 PIV 계측

Costal regions in Korea often suffer severe damages due to wave-induced disasters, storm surge disasters and so on. therefore, many engineers and researchers have devoted their energy to prevent these costal disasters. The development of artificial reefs including sunken vessels is one of their remarkable achievements and various kind of these artificial upwelling structures have been designed and applied. However, the flow characteristics around a Tetrapod under the water has not been investigated experimentally. So in this article, in uniform flow of circulating water channel and some different velocities, PIV measurement has been conducted on the flow characteristics behind a Tetrapod. The results were analyzed on the flow characteristics of both cases of a Tetrapod. Therefore, it can be concluded that the both cases have its own distinctive flow characteristics behind the bluff body; Case A has an steep upstream flow pattern. On the contrary, Case B has an developed downstream flow pattern in the near wake of the Tetrapod. The velocity gradient at position x=150mm of Case-A appears gently up and down But, the velocity gradient at the same position of Case-B appears better highly up and down.

Assessment of Storm Surge Disaster Potential for the Andaman Islands

Abstract The Andaman Sea is known for the genesis of many severe cyclones that traverse the Bay of Bengal. The Andaman Islands face the surge disaster threat as their north-south orientation comes across the eastward path of severe cyclones moving from the Andaman Sea and western Pacific Ocean. In this study, we investigated the potential of a storm-induced surge—a natural disaster due to short-duration sea-level rise—to affect the Andaman Islands. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was employed to simulate storm surge characteristics and demarcate the coastal flooding extent of the highly inhabited Port Blair region of the Andaman Islands in the case of the severe cyclone of November 1989. A storm surge disaster mitigation plan is also proposed for the group of Andaman Islands.

越流と越波を考慮した高潮浸水の数値計算

A new scheme of numerical simulation of storm surge has been developed recently. With this simulation model, abnormally high storm surges generated by large typhoons around the coasts of Japan were well reproduced. Furthermore, numerical simulation model for storm surge inundation is developed to study and prevent storm surge disasters on Japanese coasts. Inundation simulation method induced by overflow, overtopping and dike breach is incorporated into this model. With this inundation simulation, coastal protection works consisted of hard and soft countermeasures can be designed. This paper presents the application to Ise Bay.

２００７年サイクロン「シドル」によるバングラデシュの高潮災害

Cyclone Sidr passed on the southwestern part of Bangladesh and induced storm surge disasters affecting 8.9 million people in November 15, 2007. From the point of disaster mitigation on storm surges, we surveyed damages of this disaster and assistance needs for recovery in damaged areas. Long stretch of river embankments was eroded by overflowing during the storm surge. Cyclone warning was transmitted to many people through the system based on Cyclone Preparedness Program. Continuous disaster education and succession of disaster experiences are important as well as improvement of river embankments.

Field Survey of Storm Surge Disaster due to Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh

Field surveys were performed in the southwest of Bangladesh to learn lessons out of severe disasters due to Cyclone Sidr. Spatial distributions of inundation heights were measured around the most damaged area. Inundation heights along the Baleshwar river and the Burishwar river were relatively high compared to those observed on the coast of Kuakata although these sites are far from the coast. Detailed surveys were thus performed in these three areas and there found several residents who witnessed bore-like waves hitting on the damaged area. Embankments along the river had been eroded before the storm while dikes on the coast significantly functioned to reduce the damages of the coastal area behind.

Evaluation of Inundation and Damage Caused by Tsunamis and Storm Surges on the Coast of Okinawa Prefecture

Numerical simulations for both tsunamis and storm surges on the coast of Okinawa Prefecture, which are expected to be the most dangerous cases, were conducted to evaluate the possible inundation area and potential damage. The detailed topographic model derived form filtered LiDAR observation data was applied to inundation simulation. Nonlinear long wave theory was used in tsunami simulation. The third generation wave spectrum model (SWAN) and VOF method (CADMAS-SURF) were used to calculate wave height and overflow volume, respectively, in storm surge simulation. The simulation results were compiled in inundation maps and computer graphic animations, and they were distributed to municipalities along the coast to promote tsunami and storm surge disaster prevention measures.