Storage Of Breast Milk Research Articles

Problematic issues of the impact of microplastics on the human body and the environment: A review

Currently, the widespread use of plastic has become a serious problem for the environment and human health. Microplastics, being an artificial polymer created by man, are highly resistant to external influences and their decomposition requires a significant amount of time. The article provides information on the distribution of microplastics and their impact on the environment and the human body, issues of detecting microplastics in the blood, heart, lungs, placenta and meconium, in breast milk, hypothetical mechanisms by which microplastics penetrate into human tissues and the metabolism of plasticizers in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In the modern world, plastic has become an integral part of our daily lives, the presence of microplastics in plastic bags for storing breast milk, in baby formula and polypropylene bottles has been demonstrated, the relationship between microplastics and postpartum depression, the relationship between fecal microplastics and the status of inflammatory bowel diseases has been described. Making the decision to limit the use of plastic products in your home is an important step that can play a key role in reducing environmental pollution and protecting the health of future generations.

Microplastics release from infant feeding bottles and milk storage bags

The health impairment of microplastics (MPs) in infants has received considerable attention, with oral ingestion being an important exposure route. However, research remains limited on MPs released in feeding bottles (FBs) and breastmilk storage bottles (BSBs) during daily use. To address this gap, our study investigated the MPs released from polyphenylene sulfone resins (PPSU)-FBs, silicone-FBs, polyethylene (PE)-BSBs, and low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-BSBs under typical usage conditions. Our findings revealed that the four materials of FBs and BSBs can release 1465–5893 particles/L MPs (median concentration). The predominant MPs released from all FBs and PE-BSBs were identified as PE, while LDPE-BSBs predominantly released polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylates (ACR). Approximately 70% of MPs were found within the 20–50 μm particle size range. Higher temperatures led to a two-fold increase in the total MPs. Notably, infants would additionally intake 2080–5910 MPs per day through FBs and BSBs. Months with higher nutritional requirements, and when using silicone FBs and LDPE BSBs, increased the ingestion of MPs in infants. In conclusion, our study highlighted that those FBs and BSBs can precipitate varying numbers, types, and particle sizes of MPs. To protect infants from MPs ingestion, it is recommended to choose non-plastic FBs and non-plastic breastmilk storage containers.

Changes in Protein Levels during the Storage and Warming of Breast Milk in a Domestic Environment.

Background/Objectives: Storage and warming can impact the protein concentration of breast milk (BM). This study aimed to explore the effects of routine BM handling, from storage to warming, on BM protein concentration. Methods: Forty BM samples were collected from 40 mothers with full-term infants. Fresh BM samples were analyzed within 24 h of expression as a baseline. Additional samples were stored in a refrigerator for up to 4 days and in either a freezer compartment of a refrigerator with a separate door (refrigerator freezers) or a deep freezer for up to 6 months. We compared four warming techniques: rapid thawing in water at 25 °C and 37 °C immediately after freezer removal, and slow thawing in a refrigerator for 12 h, followed by warming in water at 25 °C and 37 °C. The protein concentration was measured using the Lowry method. Results: No significant decrease in BM protein concentration was observed across all storage conditions compared to baseline. BM with a higher protein content benefited more from storage in deep freezers than in refrigerator freezers. Thawing immediately after removal from the freezer at 25 °C preserved significantly higher total protein levels compared to alternative heating techniques. Conclusions: Our findings support the recommendation for mothers to store BM in either type of freezer for up to 6 months. Our results suggest that rapid thawing at 25 °C is the most effective method for preserving protein levels compared to other thawing techniques used in our study.

Bacterial growth in breast milk expressed under hygienic control: a pilot study

ObjectiveIn this pilot study, we verified safe practices for breast milk expression, storage, and duration, based on bacteriological results.ResultsWe collected breast milk samples from three healthy lactating volunteers and analyzed the bacterial flora and changes in the viable bacterial counts (including those of Staphylococcus) of the samples. Although no consistent change could be observed in the abundance of a particular bacterial group in samples expressed under hygienic control conditions, viable bacterial counts were higher in self-expressed milk than in milk expressed under hygienic control conditions. In conclusion, increased hygiene awareness is vital during breast milk expression and storage.

Determinants of Tangible Breastfeeding Support Among Health Workers: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Breastfeeding is crucial in providing infants with needed nutrition and immunity to foster their healthy growth and development; yet, optimal support from health workers is critical for it to be successful. To determine factors influencing tangible breastfeeding support among health workers in Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nigeria's six geopolitical zones between August 2022 and February 2023 among health workers (N = 2,922). Data were gathered through an interviewer-administered, validated questionnaire. Significant factors of tangible breastfeeding support were identified through multivariable logistic regression, and corresponding odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. The mean age of the health workers was 28.6 (SD = 9.3) years. Just 45% (1,316) achieved optimal scores for tangible breastfeeding support. Only 31.4% (918) of lactation support providers/specialists practice tangible breastfeeding support and half (50.6%, 1,479) had a favorable attitude towards providing tangible breastfeeding support. About two-fifths (39.3%, 1,148) engaged caregivers in reviewing breast milk storage procedures, whereas, 54.6% (1,595) and 78.0% (2,279) of health workers assisted with breast pumps and breastfeeding attachment respectively. The odds of having optimal tangible breastfeeding support were higher for health workers aged 52 years or older compared to those aged under 20 years (aOR 1.88, 95% CI [1.13, 3.12]), a positive attitude (aOR 1.43, 95% CI [1.22, 1.69]), availability of a breastfeeding champion (aOR 1.47, 95% CI [1.21, 1.79]), 1.69]), provision of breast-pump videos (aOR; 2.33, 95% CI [1.85, 2.95]), and hand-expression videos (aOR; 1.41, 95% CI [1.02, 1.79]). (duplication). Health workers' tangible breastfeeding support in Nigeria is suboptimal and is driven by age, service level, attitude, availability of breastfeeding champions, and appropriate practice aids. Targeted interventions to improve health workers' attitudes, technical skills, provision of aids, and task shifting to non-specialists are needed for optimal tangible breastfeeding support.

Exclusive breastfeeding campaign to prevent stunting at Sinar Kasih Bogor School

Stunting is a serious health issue in Indonesia, preventable through exclusive breastfeeding. Initial research among mothers of Sinar Kasih School Bogor students revealed inadequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding and stunting. This community service aimed to enhance maternal knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and stunting risk factors. Through interactive lectures and educational media, the program sought to foster correct exclusive breastfeeding practices. Methods included interactive lectures using PowerPoint, leaflets, and teaching aids. Evaluations conducted pre and post-activity measured knowledge increases. Results demonstrated a significant rise in maternal knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and stunting, enabling mothers to identify stunting risk factors, understand exclusive breastfeeding's importance, and learn breast milk storage.

Overview Of Primipara Mother's Knowledge About ASI Storage In TPMB Nanik Kediri District

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the contributions to the health, growth and development of newborns, infants and children. Based on WHO data, coverage of exclusive breastfeeding will decrease in 2022 compared to 2021. This condition is caused by a lack of knowledge about good and correct management of breast milk, especially breast milk storage. The aim of this research is to determine the description of Primiparous Mothers' knowledge about breast milk storage. Method: The research design used a descriptive cross-sectional approach, the research sample was 20 primiparous mothers in the TPMB Nanik Tulungrejo Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency. The variable studied was knowledge about breast milk storage. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution tables and cross tabulation. Result: The research results obtained from 20 respondents and showed that the majority were well-informed mothers (45%), exclusively breastfeeding mothers (65%). The results of the overall data analysis can be concluded that there is a picture of primiparous mothers' knowledge about storing breast milk. Conclusion: Breastfeeding mothers need support from family and society so they need information according to their level of education and knowledge, or to facilitate understanding of the importance of storing breast milk correctly and appropriately.

Number of Breast Milk Bacteria in Women with Normal Labor and Caesarean Delivery During Room Temperature Storage

The presence of microbes in each breast milk sample can be different, one of which is influenced by the method of delivery. The research aimed to analyze the effect of storage time for breast milk from mothers giving birth normally and giving birth by Caesarean on the number of bacteria at room temperature. The independent variable in this study was the storage time for breast milk from mothers giving birth normally and giving birth by Caesarean for 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours at room temperature, while the dependent variable in this study was the number of bacteria in the breast milk. The research samples were breast milk from mothers who gave birth normally and Caesarean section which was treated with storage at room temperature for 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours. The results of the research were that the average number of bacteria in breast milk from mothers giving birth normally, stored at 0, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours respectively, was 1.33 x 104 CFU/ml; 2.18 x 104 CFU/ml; 5.04 x 106 CFU/ml; 1.68 x 107 CFU/ml. The average number of bacteria in breast milk from mothers giving birth by Caesarean storage 0, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours respectively 1.83 x 104 CFU/ml; 1.73 x 105 CFU/ml; 1.76 x 107 CFU/ml; 6.67 x 107 CFU/ml. There is a significant difference in the number of bacteria between breast milk from mothers who gave birth normally and breast milk from mothers who gave birth by Caesarean section. Storage time has a positive effect on the number of bacteria in breast milk from mothers giving birth normally and giving birth by Caesarean. It is recommended to store breast milk at room temperature for up to 4 hours for breast milk from women giving birth normally and for breast milk from mothers giving birth by Caesarean, storage for less than 4 hours by paying attention to the cleanliness of the breast milk storage area.

The Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Leukocytes in Human Breast Milk.

Breast milk is the best baby food because it contains various nutrients and important factors for the baby's immune system, including leukocytes. This study aimed to determine the effects on morphology, number of cells and breast milk leukocytes count of various ways of storing breast milk based on different temperatures and storage durations. This study was conducted at the Biochemistry Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory and the Histology Laboratory, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia from September 2022 to February 2023. Transitional breast milk samples from 7 breastfeeding mothers were utilised in the study. A total of 50 mL was divided into 4 tubes of 12.5 mL each and treated based on temperature, storage time and method of thawing frozen breast milk based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommendations for breast milk storage. The breast milk cells were isolated to calculate the cell number and leukocyte population. Subsequently, the breast milk cells were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to analyse the number and morphology of leukocytes. The findings showed a significant decrease in the breast milk's total number and population and changes in the morphology of breast milk leukocytes after storage. This study indicates that CDC storage recommendations do not affect the quantity of the CD45+ leukocyte population; however, there is a decrease in the total number of leukocytes and alterations in their microscopic morphology. Thus, additional research is recommended to determine whether these modifications influence the function of the breast milk cells.

Community Practices, Published Guidelines, and Evidence Base Surrounding Breast Milk Handling and Storage: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Expressed breast milk (EBM) is the best alternative to direct breastfeeding. However, expressing breast milk requires good milk handling and storage practices to preserve EBM safety and integrity. Mothers require handling and storage guidance, and many seek this from the internet and online support groups. Aim: This study aimed at exploring EBM handling and storage practices within an online exclusively expressing community and comparing these with both internet resources and evidence-based research. Methods: A naturalistic observational design was used. Content analysis was undertaken on 10,000 posts from an Australian Facebook peer-support community for women who exclusively express breast milk. Women's questions, reported practices, and advice for EBM handling and storage were analyzed thematically and compared with both guidelines and evidence-based research. Findings: There were 460 posts on EBM handling and storage. Three key themes emerged: "How should I store my EBM?," "How long can I store my EBM?," and "How do I use my EBM?" The greatest consistency and agreement between recommendations and community practices were found for storage methods, whereas the least was found for storage times. EBM handling and storage practices were influenced by factors such as EBM value, convenience, and cost, leading to occasional deviations from consistent practice recommendations. Conclusion: To facilitate safe EBM handling and continuation of expression, guidelines should be updated so they are consistent, align with current evidence, and cater to mothers' cost, convenience, and milk wastage concerns. Health care providers can partner with women to evaluate online information to empower mothers in their decision making.

Detection of Clostridium perfringens in donor milk at a human breast milk bank: a case report

BackgroundThe breast milk bank is a professional organization that collects donor human milk (DHM) for special medical needs by recruiting qualified breast milk donors. Such organizations are also responsible for the disinfection, processing, testing, storage, distribution, and use of breast milk. As DHM is a biological product, it may get contaminated. Microbiological testing is the final step to determine microbial contamination of DHM. However, a universal method for the microbiological analysis of DHM in breast milk banks globally is lacking.DHM without strict screening may become a potential carrier of pathogens and seriously threaten the health of infants. Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is capable of causing wound infections, including gas gangrene, enteritis/enterocolitis, and enterotoxemia. Here, the first case of C. perfringens detected in DHM has been reported to facilitate the identification of such contamination in breast milk banks.Case presentationA breastfeeding mother donated 3000 mL of milk to the breast milk bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University(over 2900 beds and patient receiving capacity of over 132,000), Chongqing, China. The milk sample was subjected to microbiological screening using liquid enrichment, followed by anaerobic and aerobic culturing. The results revealed the growth of C. perfringens in the anaerobic culture medium, but no bacteria or yeast-like fungi were observed in the aerobic culture medium. The donor did not exhibit any clinical symptoms, and her routine blood results and body temperature were normal. However, the infant fed with her milk had recurrent bloody stools. Breast milk bank infection control emergency handling as well as environmental sampling and investigation revealed that the cause was contamination of the donor’s home-use breast pump with C. perfringens. The infant no longer experienced bloody stool once the donor changed the breast pump.ConclusionsC. perfringens can enter breast milk from contaminated pumping environments or devices, thus causing illness in infants. The microbiological testing of DHM in breast milk banks can be accomplished using liquid enrichment, along with anaerobic and aerobic culture, which is of immense significance in improving the standards for microbiological screening, DHM safety, and infant health.

Gender Discrimination by Female Journalists Against Companies in the Media

Reseacrh aims to find findings from the forms of discrimination experienced by female journalists by media companies in Surabaya. The research subjects consisted of four media in Surabaya, namely Suara Surabaya, Ngopibareng.id, Jawa Pos, and Jawa Pos Televisi. This study aims to determine the discrimination committed by editors in the media Suara Surabaya, Ngopibareng.id, Jawa Pos, and Jawa Pos Televisi (JTV) against their female journalists. In addition to knowing the perspective of the editor-in-chief on gender in the world of work and the media industry. Through explorative qualitative research methods, researchers seek data from various sources. The results of this study indicate that there are still many media in Surabaya that have not fully fulfilled the rights of female journalists. At the Jawa Pos Office there are lactation room facilities as well as a refrigerator to store breast milk (ASI). Meanwhile in Suara Surabaya, the communication pattern formed by the chief editor towards female journalists is different from that of male journalists. Other findings also concern the workload experienced by female journalists from Ngopibareng.id and Jawa Pos Televisi (JTV). Based on research showing that the media in Surabaya, only one that has a good perspective on gender, namely Jawa Pos. Meanwhile, the editors-in-chief of Suara Surabaya, Ngopibareng.id and Jawa Pos Televisi (JTV) still don't have a good perspective on gender.

BREAST MILK BANKS – THE WAY TO GLOBAL BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

Breast milk is the standard of infant nutrition, recognized worldwide as the optimal fi rst source of food, and breastfeedingis the ideal way to feed children, meeting all their needs. Breast milk is especially valuable for premature infants, who require specialized medical care from the fi rst seconds of life and for a long time, and for sick newborns born at term. Preterm or sick preterm infants are most vulnerable to perinatal illness, have a high probability of dying and, most importantly, are at the greatest risk of not receiving the life-saving benefi ts of breast milk. In today’s world, the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend the use of donor human milk as the fi rst alternative for feeding preterm infants of any gestational age, including very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) or very low birth weight infants (<1500 g), when human milk is not available. Studies have shown that breastfeeding, even partial breastfeeding, reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and late neonatal sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and sudden infant death, improves cognitive outcomes in preterm infants, and helps establish optimal functioning of the digestive system and enteric digestive processes. In many countries around the world, targeted support for breastfeeding in neonatal intensive care units, including enteral feeding of sick and premature infants, is provided by donor human breast milk that is concentrated and stored in an established and functioning network of breast milk banks.A breast milk bank is an institution whose purpose is to collect breast milk from mothers who produce more than theirinfants need, and to process and store breast milk for the feeding of infants who, for medical or other reasons, cannot receive it temporarily or for a long period. International associations of breast milk banks have been established throughout the world to promote the activities of banks and to establish international cooperation among breast milk banks.The European Milk Banks Association (EMBA) was offi cially launched on October 15, 2010. There are currently 282 activebanks in 31 European countries and 18 banks in the process of becoming active. The Southern African Milk Banks Association (HMBASA) was established in 2009. HMBASA coordinates the activities of the network of milk banks throughout the country. The North American Milk Banks Association (HMBANA) was founded in 1985 and brings together 30 non-profi t breast milk banks in the United States and Canada. There is a positive trend in the establishment of new breast milk banks in all countries of the world. There are currently about 500 in 37 countries. Brazil is the world leader in breast milk banks, with 222 breast milk banks and 217 milk collection centers. The first donor breast milk bank in Ukraine was established in 2019 in Kyiv at the Perinatal Center, where about 80 % of all premature babies in the city are born. In December 2022, when the country was at war, a high-tech breast milk bank was opened at the Lviv Regional Clinical Perinatal Center. This is the second bank of donated breast milk successfully operating in Ukraine on the basis of perinatal centers.The operation of the breast milk bank at the Lviv Oblast Clinical Perinatal Center is one of the many modern high-tech areasof the healthcare facility. The breast milk bank is equipped with all the necessary equipment, which meets the highest modern world standards. Active daily teamwork of obstetricians, neonatologists, lactation consultants and mothers has allowed the bank to attract 32 donors of breast milk and collect more than 380 liters of donor milk since its opening. The fi rst batch of donor milk was received on January 12, 2023.Promoting the creation of a network of mother’s milk banks in Ukraine at the state level will help to make a signifi cantcontribution to the preservation of the full healthy development of newborns and infants in our country, which has becomeespecially important in the current military situation in Ukraine.

Determination of volatile migrants from breast milk storage bags

Breast milk storage bags are commonly used to facilitate extended periods of breastfeeding. These bags must meet the necessary safety standards for infant food and comply with current regulations. As they are typically made from polyethylene and feature printing inks on their surface, there is a potential for the transfer of polymer and ink additives, as well as non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), into the milk. An initial study was conducted using two breast milk bags to identify the primary migrants that could be released from this particular food packaging. Migration tests were conducted in both milk and the corresponding food simulant D1 (50% ethanol/water, v/v) under conditions mimicking typical breast milk storage conditions (4–5ºC, 7 days) and defrosting conditions (40ºC, 2 h). The results showed the presence of volatile migrants in both situations, whether long storage periods at refrigerated conditions or brief periods if the temperature is not under control. The outcomes also highlighted that the primary migrants were breakdown products from Irgafos 168, a widely used trisarylphosphite-based antioxidant. These included 2,4-ditertbutylphenol (2,4-dtBP), 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene (1,3-dtBB), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-dtBBQ). A subsequent study was carried out involving eight breast milk bags to evaluate the migration of these compounds and to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of the materials used, ensuring the safety of infants' health is not compromised. Results showed that 1,3-dtBB exceeded the maximum recommended migration values in two of the studied bags. Nevertheless, further toxicity tests are necessary to ensure the safety of these materials in relation to food.

Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Mothers Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic

Introduction: Breast milk is a natural and perfect food that protects against illness and death by acting as the baby’s first immunization. The employment of the mother is considered to be one of the most important barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).
 Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was done to find out the associated factors with EBF among working mothers. A total of 150 working mothers having children six to 24 months were selected. Self-developed semi-structured interview schedule was used. Pre-testing was done on 15 (10%) of the total sample and necessary modifications were done. Data were analyzed by using descriptive (Frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and odds ratio).
 Results: A total of 52 (34.66%) working mothers reported to have practice of EBF for six months. Majority (80%) of the working mothers fed colostrum. Majority (92.85%) of the working mothers gave powdered milk due to inadequate milk secretion. Regarding Expressed Breast Milk (EBM) storage, more than 50% had no idea about EBM and 47 (31.33%) of the mothers had a breastfeeding room at their workplace. 80 (53.33%) mothers had allowed children in their workplace while 47 (88.0%) had family support. EBF was associated with mode of delivery (OR = 0.440, 95% CI: 0.214 - 0.903), child hospitalization in the past (OR = 0.139, 95% CI: 0.031 - 0.618), facility of express breastmilk (OR = 4.087, 95% CI: 0.978 - 17.079) and flexible working environment (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.789 - 9.863).
 Conclusions: About only one-third of working mothers had given EBF to their child. Vaginal delivery, child hospitalization in the past, a facility of EBM at home, and a flexible working environment were associated factors with EBF among working mothers.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Menteng Kota Palangka Raya

Breastfeeding is the first, main and best food at the beginning of the baby's natural life. In the working area of the Menteng Health Center, Palangka Raya City, it shows that there is still a low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Menteng Health Center in Palangka Raya City. There are various factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding including maternal knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of the Menteng Health Center in Palangka Raya City. This type of research is an analytical survey using a cross sectional design. The population of this study was mothers who had children aged 0-12 and the number of samplpes is 62 people. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data analysis using Chi-Square. The results of this study showed there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Menteng Health Center in Palangka Raya City (p value of: 0.000 < α: 0.05. There needs to be counseling on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and how to properly store breast milk to the community in the working area of the Menteng Health Center, Palangka Raya City.

Edukasi Tekhnik Penyajian ASI Perah Pada Karyawan Pabrik Indofood Di Wilayah Kota Makassar

Mother's milk is the best source of nutrition that can improve the health of mothers and children. Breastfeeding for babies is very important, especially in the early period of life, therefore it is enough for babies to be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months without adding or replacing it with other foods or drinks . Working mothers are one of the reasons for not giving exclusive breastfeeding. After the maternity leave is over, many working mothers provide their babies with formula milk. One of the solutions that can be given is express breastfeeding to working mothers so that they can continue to provide exclusive breastfeeding. Expressing breast milk is one of the success factors of exclusive breastfeeding. Working mothers who have skills in expressing and storing breast milk will be more successful . This Community Service activity was carried out at the Indofood Factory in the Makassar City Region with a sample of Breastfeeding Mothers. Paired Samples Test was performed The results obtained were that there was an increase in knowledge from the average value of the pre-test questionnaire, the correct answer value was 6.8 after counseling was changed to 8.0 with a value of ρ = 0.000 which means there was an increase in understanding knowledge, benefits and how to do milking techniques, how to store and serve breast milk Milking the baby as well as knowledge about how to care for the breast.

Promosi Kesehatan Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Ibu Menyusui Dalam Perilaku Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di RS Hl Manambai Abdulkadir

Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant mortality rates caused by various diseases that commonly afflict children such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Babies with exclusive breastfeeding will have a stronger immune system compared to babies who are given formula milk. Breast milk provides protection to babies against various diseases, especially infectious diseases. According to RISKESDAS 2021, 52.5 percent or only half of the 2.3 million infants aged less than six months are exclusively breastfed in Indonesia, or a decrease of 12 percent from the figure in 2019. The highest coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is in West Nusa Tenggara with coverage of 81.46% and coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Sumbawa Regency of 89.3. This of course encourages us to strive to maintain and even increase the scope of exclusive breastfeeding to increase children's intelligence. Objective: Increase the knowledge and skills of breastfeeding mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding for babies. Method: The method used in increasing this knowledge is by Audiovisual media, namely presenting the Understanding, composition, benefits, influencing factors, how to maximize & improve, how to prepare and store breast milk and provide counseling in the form of interactive lectures. Target: The target of this community service activity is from mothers of reproductive age who have babies aged 0 to 6 months at H.L. Manambai Abdulkadir Hospital. Results: The delivery of material with lecture and demonstration methods supports the ability of participants to master the material regarding increasing knowledge and skills in breastfeeding delivered by the community service team so that there is an increase seen from the pretest and posttest given to mothers after the activity takes place.

The Effectiveness of Breast Milk Management Posters on the ability of mothers to Give Expressed Breast Milk and Storage To Improve Exclusive Breast Feeding on Working Mother at Ketapang Village East Kotawaringin Regency

The low ability of mothers to express and store breast milk causes unreached exclusive breastfeeding, which has an impact on the quality of next generation and on the national economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of Breastfeeding Management Posters on the Ability of Mothers to Give Expressed Breast Milk and Its Storage to Increase the Success of Exclusive Breastfeeding for Working Mothers in Ketapang Village, East Kotawaringin Regency.The research design was a one group pre-post test design with a pre-experimental approach. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling technique that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a sample of 30 people. The independent variable is the mother's ability to give expressed breast milk and its storage to increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding in working mothers and the dependent variable is the breast milk management poster. Data was analyzed by the Wilcoxon test.The results showed that prior to the distribution of breast milk management posters, it was known that the majority of respondents 20 (67%) were in the incapacitated category. After giving out milk management posters, it was found that almost all respondents 28 (93%) were in the capable category.The results of data analysis show that the significance level is 0.000 < α = 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, thus there is an Effectiveness of Breast Milk Management Poster on the Ability of Mothers to Give Expressed Breast Milk and Its Storage to Increase the Success of Exclusive Breastfeeding for Working Mothers in Ketapang Village, East Kotawaringin Regency.Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that posters on management of breast milk are effective in increasing the ability of mothers to express breast milk and store it to increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding in working mothers.

A baseline assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among women enrolled in a cluster randomized trial in Anambra State Nigeria

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding has great benefits for both the mother and the child. Few studies have been carried out on interventions to improve Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practice by childbearing mothers. No study has formulated and/or implemented a hospital-based maternal counseling guide intervention to improve EBF practice. This baseline study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBF on mothers who were enrolled in antenatal clinics for a cluster randomized trial and the disparity in the knowledge of EBF based on lactation, age, sex, and source of income. Methods: We formulated a hospital-based counseling guide on exclusive breastfeeding, which is under implementation by prenatal and nursing mothers, to promote EBF practice in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals randomly selected from twelve hospitals in Anambra State. The study was among pregnant women who were in their second trimester. The data collection took place from March to April 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square. The test of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The control and the intervention arms had an equal number of enrolees (144) each and more than half of the participants were between the ages of 23 – 32 years. The majority of the participants showed adequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding as over 90% knew that EBF is important and capable of improving their baby's immunity. The participants demonstrated a positive attitude to exclusive breastfeeding and they had a significantly high level of practice of daily consumption of galactagogues. The study suggested that the majority did not practice breast milk extraction mainly because the process of extraction is painful and some do not know how to carry out the extraction. Conclusion: The mothers have the requisite knowledge of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to their infants and themselves. However, they do not practice EBF. Interventions to improve EBF practice should focus on educating mothers on proper breast milk extraction and storage techniques.