Storage Of Breast Milk Research Articles

Perbandingan Jumlah Total Bakteri pada Penggunaan Wadah Penyimpanan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) yang Berbeda

At the beginning of its life, breast milk is the best food for babies because breast milk contains all the nutrients that can be used for optimal growth and development of the baby. Therefore, the government has promoted exclusive breastfeeding programs for infants 0-4 months or up to 6 months if possible. However, the current phenomenon especially among working mothers, there are regulatory difficulties in giving milk to children. Breast milk can still be given by a working mother the pumping method and stored first. To facilitate the storage of breast milk, three types of containers are widely used, namely plastic clips, plastic bottles, and glass bottles. In the period of storage, it must be ensured that breast milk can be maintained with good quality and integrity. This study aims to compare the total number of bacteria that can grow in breast milk after being stored in three different types of containers. The sampling technique used in this study is total sampling. The treatment in this study was by placing breast milk in three different containers, namely plastic bottles (A), glass bottles (B), and plastic bags for storing breast milk (C) stored at room temperature (16-26<sup>0</sup>C) with three replications. Breast milk is obtained from volunteers who have been predetermined and then accommodated in sterile containers. Statistical test results showed that the variation of the container did not affect the total bacterial colony with a p-value of 0.246 (P> 0.05) with the highest number of bacteria in plastic bag storage with an average of 5.4x10<sup>3</sup> CFU/ml.

Integrating motherhood and employment: A 22-year analysis investigating impacts of US workplace breastfeeding policy.

The United States has one of the lowest exclusive breastfeeding rates among high-income countries. Most experts agree that there is a lack of mother-friendly workplace policies compared to other countries. Since 1995, 25 states have implemented workplace breastfeeding legislation allowing mothers to express and store breast milk in the workplace. There is heterogeneity in policy enforceability where 17 states have weak enforceability while eight states have strict enforceability and require employers to offer provisions to breastfeed at the workplace. Using difference-in-differences methods, we examine the impact of this policy on state-level breastfeeding rates and assess how that impact differs with policy enforceability. We use data from the Centers for Disease Control on breastfeeding, supplementing with socio-economic data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Current Population Survey, the US Census Bureau and several other datasets over 22 years from 1990 to 2011. We find that states with legislation experienced a 2.3-percentage point increase in breastfeeding rates compared to states without legislation while states with weak enforceability experienced a 3.1-percentage point increase compared to states without legislation. We also find that policies do not start to have an impact until 1–2 years after they were signed into law. Considering the recent assault on breastfeeding from the current administration, our study is a timely and important contribution that strengthens the evidence base for the health benefits of workplace breastfeeding policies.

Macronutrients, total aerobic bacteria counts and serum proteome of human milk during refrigerated storage

The influence of refrigerated storage on the macronutrients, total aerobic bacterial counts (TAB), as well as the milk serum proteome in expressed breast milk from 0 to 72 h was studied. Protein content decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas reducing sugars and TAB increased significantly after 48 h (p < 0.05). Fat content did not change significantly (p ≥ 0.05). In the human milk serum proteome, 253 proteins were identified and 110 proteins could be quantified. Among the quantified proteins, 22 proteins changed significantly after 48 h, such as xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, fatty acid-binding protein, and α-enolase, which were mainly involved in catalytic activity. On the other hand, immune-related proteins, lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin did not change significantly after 48 h between 4.9 and 6.0 °C. The results will help guide recommendations for the safe storage of human breast milk.

Prevalence and Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers with Term Deliveries in Adventist Medical Center Manila (AMCM) Immediately Postpartum and at One Month Postpartum

Exclusive breastfeeding in infants provides an optimal nutrition in infants aged under six months. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends to exclusively breastfeed their infants even up to 2 years, prevalence and duration of breastfeeding among different countries are declining. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding immediately postpartum and one month postpartum and determine its associated factors and possible predictors in Adventist Medical Center Manila (AMCM). A total of 235 mothers who delivered in the hospital were interviewed using a questionnaire prior to discharge and was followed-up via telephone call at one month postpartum. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. All inferential analyses were performed at 5% level of significance, but the interpretation of the multiple binary logistic regression analysis at 10% level of significance and its implications was also considered. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding significantly decreased from 100% immediately postpartum to 74% at 1 month postpartum (p&lt;0.001). Among the possible associated factors, at 10% level of significance, 3 factors were considered as independent predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum namely: previous breastfeeding experience (OR = 3.70, p = 0.080) presence of lactation area at work (OR = 2.08, p = 0.087) and presence of refrigerator at work for breast milk storage (OR = 2.98, p = 0.057) [1-3]

A Study to assess the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Expression and storage of Breast milk among Lactating mothers at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry

Breast feeding is the best natural feeding and provides the optimal nutrition during the first year of life when there is rapid physical growth. This study was conducted to Assess The Level Of Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Expression And Storage Of Breast Milk Among Lactating Mothers At Pondicherry Institute Of Medical Sciences, Puducherry. 70 lactating mothers were interviewed using a semi structured knowledge questionnaire and five point likert scale to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding expression and storage of breast milk. The study findings revealed that lactating mothers had inadequate knowledge and moderately favorable attitude regarding expression and storage of breast milk. Nurses have a major role in educating the postnatal mothers which will enhance knowledge, attitude and practice on human milk expression and storage.

Neonatal intensive care nurses' performance regarding expression and storage of breast milk

Neonatal intensive care nurses' performance regarding expression and storage of breast milk

Interchanging Breast Pump Kit Brands Alters Breast Pump Suction Pressure.

Background: Postpartum mothers express and store breast milk using a hospital-grade pump and manufacturer-specific kit (flanges, bottles, tubing, valves, and membranes). After hospital discharge, mothers may attempt to interchange kits from different manufacturers. The objective of this study is to determine whether pump performance is affected by the use of a different manufacturer's kit. Materials and Methods: Suction pressure was tested using kits and six pumps from three manufacturers (Ameda, Medela, and Spectra). Pump settings (speed and vacuum strength) simulated maximum, minimum, and commonly used median settings. Suction pressure (mmHg) was measured using an analog gauge and repeated six times for each pump-kit combination. Measurements were compared using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to determine whether kit was an independent predictor of suction pressure. Results: The kit type was a significant independent predictor (p < 0.05) of suction pressure for all at medium vacuum strength and many at maximum and minimum vacuum strengths. Upon further analysis interchanging kits resulted in both significantly increased and decreased suction pressures compared to the manufacturer-specific kit. Conclusion: Breast pump kits generate variable suction pressures when interchanged between pumps from different manufacturers. Interchanging combinations of kits and breast pumps could potentially lead to low milk expression due to ineffective suction pressure or increased discomfort from excessive pressure. The results of this study emphasize the importance of maternal education regarding the use of manufacturer-specific kits and breast pumps.

Association of Breastmilk Storage Duration with Growth and Colonies Count of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)

Perubahan tatanan sosial membuat wanita banyak yang bekerja, penyimpanan ASI tidak dapat dihindarkan bila ibu tetap memberikan ASI. Penyimpanan ASI untuk jangka waktu yang cukup lama, kemungkinan dapat terkontaminasi bakteri dan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen, sehingga membuat ASI tidak aman untuk di konsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran jumlah total koloni Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) berdasarkan lama penyimpanan ASI perah pada suhu ruangan 30oC, pada refrigerator dan freezer. Desain penelitian adalah eksperiment, data disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian adalah 8 orang ibu yang dapat memberikan ASI nya sebanyak 50 ml di Tempat Penitipan Anak (TPA) Kota Pekanbaru. Penyimpanan dan pemeriksaan total koloni BAL dilakukan pada Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Setiap ASI akan dibagi menjadi 10 bagian yaitu sebanyak 5 ml. ASI akan dikelompokkan menjadi 10 bagian terdiri dari 8 ASI, 1 bagian menjadi kelompok kontrol yang langsung di dihitung jumlah koloni BAL nya. Bagian ASI yang lain menjadi kelompok perlakuan, yang terdiri dari 5 bagian ASIP di simpan pada suhu ruangan 30oC selama 2 jam sampai dengan 6 jam. Kelompok berikutnya disimpan di refrigerator (4oC) selama 5 hari, 7 hari dan freezer (-15oC) selama 14 hari dan 16 hari. Hasil pemeriksaan jumlah koloni BAL pada kelompok kontrol rata-rata 1593,7x106, dan mengalami penurunan pesat sampai dengan 2 jam penyimpanan disuhu ruangan yaitu 347,5x106. Batas minimum jumlah BAL yang layak dikonsumsi setelah disimpan selama 4 jam, yaitu dengan hasil rata-rata BAL 11,25x106. Pada penyimpanan di refrigerator maksimal waktu penyimpanan sampai dengan 5 hari dengan jumlah BAL yaitu 1,125x106. Penyimpanan pada freezer lebih lama yaitu 16 hari dengan jumlah BAL 2,37x106. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan jumlah koloni BAL pada setiap kelompok perlakuan penyimpanan ASI pada suhu ruangan dengan nilai p value = 0,000 berdasarkan uji Annova. Lama penyimpanan ASI akan menurunkan kadar koloni BAL dalam ASI.

The Comparison of Breast milk from Mother with Preterm Infant at 4o C Temperature in 0, 24 and 48 Hours on Bacterial Growth

Introduction: Preterm and fullterm breast milk has different leukocyte and bioactive concentration, which affect it’s bactericidal activity and storage duration. The preterm breast milk potentially has longer storage duration than fullterm breast milk The research and guideline about the acceptable of storage duration of preterm breast milk at 4o C was limited. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of storage duration of preterm breast milk preterm baby at 4o C temperature on bacterial growth.Methods: The study design was experimental using pre-post control groups design. We used 9 samples of breast milk which met the inclusion criteria divided into 3 groups. The first, second and third groups was storage in 4o C for 0, 24 and 48 hours respectively before the inoculation to the culture media.Results: After the samples were kept at 4o C temperature for 0, 24 and 48 hours, the mean bacterial colony forming unit for each group were 92 (±SD 112), 79 (±SD 97) and 63 (±SD 73) CFU respectively. Compared to the first group, the second and third group has lower bacterial colony forming unit but no significant differences statistically (P= 0.214 and P=1.39 respectively). Likewise there was no significant bacterial colony forming unit between second and third group (P=0.086).Conclusion: Storage of preterm breast milk in 4o C for 24 and 48 hours show no change in total bacterial colony count (TBCC)..

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN DENGAN METODE DISKUSI KELOMPOK TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN TENTANG TEKHNIK PENYIMPANAN ASI IBU BEKERJA

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding shows that not many mothers have succeeded in giving exclusive breastfeeding because the majority of working mothers. Work is not an obstacle for a mother to give milk to the baby. Therefore, working mothers need to be taught how to express milk, how to give milk and how to store breast milk. Health education is organized to increase the knowledge, awareness, willingness, and ability of working mothers to keep breastfeeding babies. Knowledge of breast milk storage techniques will support the success of exclusive breastfeeding for optimal child growth and development. Solution In accordance with the problem In order for the working mother to continue to give ASI, namely Lactation Management through health education, is held to increase the knowledge, awareness, willingness, and ability of the working mother to continue breastfeeding the baby. The long-term goal to be achieved in research is to identify and analyze the Effects of Counseling with Group Discussion Methods on Knowledge of Breast Milk Storage Techniques in Working Mothers. Specific targets to be achieved so that every health worker working in a health facility applies Counseling to working mothers about breastfeeding storage techniques so that exclusive breastfeeding can be achieved. Stages of Research Methods to be conducted using the Quasy Experiment design, with the target of working mothers who have babies 0-24 month given Counseling. Data collection methods with questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis method uses dependent t-test. Where in the paired groups, the same subjects were examined before and after the intervention (designs before and after). The results of the study through the Knowledge Questionnaire about ASI Storage Technique obtained P-value 0,000. It can be concluded that there is an effect of counseling with the Group Discussion Method on the ASI Storage Technique in Working Mothers.

Factor of Interesting in Breastfeed Mother With Milk Formula In District of Buleleng, Bali

Providing formula milk is still the biggest obstacle in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Bali Province reported as a province in Indonesia with the highest use of formula milk. This study aims to look at the percentage and factors of interest of breastfeeding mothers on formula milk. The method used is a mixed-method with questionnaire sheets and interviews. The results show the proportion of formula milk interest is 25.48%. Factors that increase interest in formula milk are higher education 3.03 times (CI 1.18-7.81: p0.02), duration of work more than 6 hours 12.22 times (CI 5.95-25.09: p 0.01), and not giving Exclusive Breastfeeding 5.85 times (CI 2.94-11.65; p 0.01). While the absence of promotion of formula reduces interest by up to 77% (OR 0.23 CI 0.13-0.42; p 0.01). The reason for the interest in formula milk is that mothers must work so that there is no time for breastfeeding, inadequate breastfeeding, and time off It is enough. Better guidance on how to store breast milk should be prioritized for working mothers not only an understanding of the benefits of breastfeeding. Health workers should review government regulation No. 33 of 2012 regarding exclusive breastfeeding to support breastfeeding and limit the use of formula milk.

Clinician’s Guide to Supporting Women With Breast Milk Pumping

The benefits of breastfeeding and breast milk are well established. Women may intend to exclusively breastfeed their infants, but they often need to provide expressed breast milk upon returning to employment or other activities. Without specialized lactation services, women may turn to health care providers, social media, and Web-based information for support and education. Nurses can support breastfeeding women and help them make informed decisions by providing factual, practical information about breast pumps, expression and storage of breast milk, options for testing breast milk, and available resources.

Awareness about expressed breast milk feeding among working mothers visiting a tertiary level hospital, Kathmandu

Background: Expressed breast milk can be a healthy feeding option as compared to formula for working mothers. A large number of mothers are working these days and despite their desire to breastfeed, mothers have to get back to their work because of various constraints.Objectives: The research objective was to assess the status of knowledge and attitude regarding expressed breastfeeding and to identify the barriers to expressed breastfeeding among working mothers visiting Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Pediatric Outpatient Department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from June 2018 till December 2018. One hundred and eighty working mothers were chosen purposively and interviewed. Research instrument was a structured questionnaire containing questions about technique of pumping and storing breast milk, benefits of breastfeeding, attitude regarding expressed breastfeeding and reasons for not expressing breast milk. Mean standard deviation and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: Out of 180 mothers, half of the mothers had adequate knowledge regarding expressed breastfeeding while slightly more than half of them (52.2%) had negative attitude about it. Only 11.7% of the mothers shared that they had expressed breast milk ever. The most important reason for not expressing breast milk was stated to be inadequate breast milk production (30.7%) and lack of time (26.4%).Conclusion: The study concludes that about half of the working mothers have adequate knowledge and positive attitude regarding expressed breastfeeding. Moreover, very few mothers ever expressed breast milk and the main reason for not doing so was inadequate milk production.

Physical Characteristics of Stored Breastmilk During Storage in Cooler Bag

Exclusive breastfeeding is breast milk given to babies until the baby is 6 months old without being given food and drink, except for drugs and vitamins. Breastfeeding in Indonesia has not been fully implemented. Efforts to improve breastfeeding behavior in mothers who have babies especially exclusive breastfeeding are still lacking. Some of inhibiting factor of exclusive breastfeeding is often experienced by working mothers, including knowledge and conditions that are inadequate for working mothers. Workers must be milking during working hours if they want to give exclusive breastfeeding. This research was conducted descriptively with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was breast milk from six (6) Working Mother. The results were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the saving age of stored breast milk which consisted of color, smell and consistency.

Results From a Pilot Randomized Trial of Antenatal Breast Milk Expression Among Healthy, First-Time Mothers

To examine the relationship between antenatal milk expression (AME) and breastfeeding outcomes in a sample of first-time mothers in the United States. Limited research, mostly among diabetic women outside the United States, has indicated that hand expression, collection, and storage of breast milk during pregnancy (i.e., AME) is a safe, potentially effective intervention to improve short-term breastfeeding exclusivity. This was a pilot randomized, controlled trial of a structured AME intervention versus an education control. Participants were recruited from a single hospital-based midwife practice in the northeastern United States. We recruited and randomized 45 low-risk, nulliparous women who were at 34–36 6/7 weeks of gestation to the AME intervention or weekly breastfeeding handouts beginning at 37 weeks. The AME intervention involved technique demonstration from a lactation consultant, reinforcement at weekly visits, and daily home practice for 10 min. Follow-up data were collected during the postpartum hospitalization, at 1–2-weeks postpartum and at 3–4 months postpartum, on breastfeeding self-efficacy (Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-SF, BSES-SF; higher score indicative of greater self-efficacy), perceived insufficient milk volume (H & H Lactation Scale; higher score indicative of greater confidence in breast milk sufficiency), proportion of breast milk feeds, formula use, and maternal qualitative experiences with AME. Between-group differences in quantitative outcomes were examined with chi-square and independent-sample t tests. At baseline, AME participants were more likely to be employed (p = .03) and had slightly higher BSES-SF scores than controls (Ms = 53.2 vs. 47.1, respectively, p = .04). There were no other between-group differences in demographics or pregnancy–birth characteristics. AME participants scored slightly higher on the BSES-SF at 3 months compared with the control group (Ms = 65.0 vs. 59.3, respectively, p = .04), with trends toward higher scores on the BSES-SF and H & H Lactation Scale in the intervention group at all time points. There were no between-group differences in formula use or proportion of breast milk feeds. Women reported that AME increased their commitment and confidence to breastfeed. AME is a feasible intervention that may increase breastfeeding confidence among first-time mothers. Additional research with a powered sample is indicated.

"It gave me so much confidence": First-time U.S. mothers' experiences with antenatal milk expression.

Antenatal milk expression (AME) involves maternal hand-expression, collection, and storage of breast milk during pregnancy for the purposes of reducing the early formula use in breastfed infants. AME is not widely practiced in the United States, despite its growing popularity elsewhere. In this study, we examined the experiences of first-time mothers recruited from a U.S. midwife practice who engaged in AME within the context of a pilot randomized controlled trial. The AME intervention involved demonstration and practice of AME with a lactation consultant beginning at 37weeks of gestation, reinforcement at weekly study visits until delivery, and daily home practice. Nineteen women participated in a semistructured interview at 1-2weeks postpartum regarding their study experiences. Major themes included (1) perceived benefits and impact of AME, (b) AME implementation, and (c) use of AME milk. Women perceived multiple benefits of AME, most notably that it increased their confidence that they would be able to make milk and breastfeed successfully postpartum. Women expressed some concern that no/little milk expressed could be indicative of postpartum milk production problems. Regarding implementation, women found that the AME protocol fit well into their daily routine. There was mixed feedback regarding comfort with practicing AME in the presence of partners. Reasons for postpartum use of AME milk varied; barriers to provision included inadequate milk storage options at the birth hospital and unsupportive hospital providers/staff. With few caveats, AME appears to be an acceptable breastfeeding support intervention among a sociodemographically homogeneous group of first-time mothers in the United States.

Taking the path of least resistance: a qualitative analysis of return to work or study while breastfeeding

BackgroundIn order to meet World Health Organization recommendations for breastfeeding, many women need to combine breastfeeding with return to work or study. Barriers are often encountered when returning to work or study, which can lead to premature cessation of breastfeeding. This study aimed to explore Australian women’s experiences of breastfeeding at one multi-campus university.MethodThis paper draws on the qualitative findings from a mixed-methods study conducted between April and November 2017. An online survey was used to explore women’s experiences of breastfeeding at university. In total, 108 people participated in the survey. After the deletion of incomplete surveys, 79 staff and students survey responses were analysed. In-depth interviews were also carried out with 10 staff and students. Open text responses and in-depth interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed four themes. The first theme, University as a positive and progressive environment for breastfeeding, explores staff and students’ experiences of maternity leave, flexible work arrangements, and on-campus childcare, and their relationships with tutors, supervisors, managers and colleagues. The second theme, Finding private and safe spaces for breastfeeding, presents staff and students’ experiences of using designated rooms, car parks, corridors, classrooms, and offices to breastfeed and express breast milk, and their experiences related to storage of breast milk. The third theme, Feeling self-conscious and unprofessional, reflects women’s experiences of mixing their professional and personal lives, and feeling guilty for taking time out to breastfeed. The fourth theme, Developing resilience to judgement, captures women’s realisation that breastfeeding on campus requires the development of a “thick skin” and the capacity to not be offended easily.ConclusionsSustaining breastfeeding requires time and commitment on behalf of the mother, as well as a supportive workplace or study environment. Transforming university campuses into breastfeeding friendly environments is long overdue and requires organisational commitment to achieve genuine reform.

Effects of the storage of breast milk at different temperatures on total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and paraoxonase-1 level.

Konak M, Minici M, Tarakçı N, Altunhan H, Toker A, Örs R. Effects of the storage of breast milk at different temperatures on total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and paraoxonase-1 level. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 1-6. Breast milk is a well-balanced ideal nutritional source with high bioavailability for infants. As being a fresh, biological and dynamic product, changes in the breast milk during these storage periods have been the subject of ongoing research. This study aims to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels of fresh and freezestored breast milk. Ten cc of breast milk was obtained from the mothers as the days between 10 and 15 in the morning within a 1-hour period. TAC, TOS, and PON-1 levels were evaluated in the fresh breast milk. Collected breast milk samples were divided into two groups for storage at -20°C or -80°C. Stored samples were tested for TAC, TOS, and PON-1 levels after 72 hours. The highest TAC level was detected in fresh breast milk (p < 0.05). The TOS levels of fresh breast milk showed a statistically significant reduction in rate after storage. The TOS levels at -20°C and -80°C were significantly lower at -80°C (p < 0.05). Our study results show that oxidant and antioxidant activities are at the maximum level in the fresh breast milk. In terms of antioxidant status the effect of freezing temperatures hasn`t been determined. We conclude that it is more convenient to store the breast milk at -80°C than to store at -20°C in terms of preserving the storage TOS level.

Factors Affecting Female University Students’ Intention to Store Breast Milk

Factors Affecting Female University Students’ Intention to Store Breast Milk

Design and Development of Mini Portable Cooler for Breastmilk Storage

This paper presents the design and development of a mini portable cooler that utilizes the Peltier effect to cool the human expressed breast milk (EBM) within 24 hours at the temperature range between 4°C-15°C to maintain the high quality of the EBM for use at a later date and the health of the baby who consume it. It is developed to overcome the tediousness of using cooler bag/box, which requires ice packs that need repetitive freezing. A few prototypes with different sizes and body materials, namely polystyrene, polypropylene and aluminium, were successfully developed and tested to get the minimum temperature using 5V power supply. In all graphs, the temperature is decreasing with time. The smallest size of the cooled space (18cm of width, 12cm of length and 14cm of height) has the lowest temperature compared to the other sizes for each body material. However, the lowest temperature of all body materials is obtained from aluminium with 11.2°C at 100 minutes. It also reaches below 15°C the fastest which is at 80 minutes compared to the other prototypes that need longer time. All in all, aluminium is the best body material for the mini portable cooler developed in this project.