Storey Residential Building Research Articles

Cost Overrun and Delays in Construction Management by Using Primavera

Abstract: Project management is the practice of organizing, planning, carrying out, overseeing, and wrapping up a team's work in order to accomplish particular objectives and satisfy particular success criteria within a given time frame. Each project is unique, and managing it is necessary to meet the project's need for increased productivity. Notwithstanding the centuries-long evolution of the construction industry and the decades-long quest for novel solutions by researchers, a variety of obstacles still need to be overcome in order to improve the speed, safety, affordability, and accuracy of the construction process. Utilizing a program called Prima Vera p6, which is a tool for project planning and progress tracking, the study focuses on an ongoing residential building construction project (G+5) . This project is a G+5 storey residential building with a rectangular shape RCC framed construction with a total size of 1391 Sq. Mtr. And the floor height is 3m. We used Primavera to calculate project quantities, schedule, and estimate the project. We created a Gantt chart and a network diagram for this project and completed it in a timely and cost-effective manner. It gathers all relevant data from the relevant agencies and closely monitors the work processes. Through our work on it, we have learned a great deal about the challenges that businesses encounter on a daily basis. Though every project is unique, as I've already shown, we may learn from our mistakes and prevent them in future endeavors. Using Primavera P6, a project management tool, a comparison of the original and actual time and cost is conducted in this study. The project monitoring process itself might not be completed effectively even with well-established planning and policies.

Performances of low frequency impact sound in wooden buildings

Since 1999 Sweden has required an extended frequency range for sound insulation in residential buildings, using 50 Hz as the lower limit. This regulation update has driven the design and development of multi storey residential building systems with wooden structures in a positive direction. Already in the mid 1980'ies there existed scientific proof that it the perceived impact sound will improve if the frequency range was extended below the lower standard limit 100 Hz at that time. Lately, researchers have indicated that the perceived impact sound can be even further improved if the frequency range is extended below current lower standardized limit of 50 Hz. Assume that the frequency range for impact sound requirement will be further extended to include frequencies from 25 Hz, what would that mean for modern wooden apartment buildings? Acouwood and Kuster & Partner AG are collecting data from 20 Hz, no matter if the standard measurement procedure cannot be applied below 50 Hz. It gives a good overview of potential annoyance risk but also of acoustic performances of modern sustainable multifamily buildings and how they can be improved. This paper summarizes measurement results of impact sound from 20 Hz in several wooden buildings.

Impact of Strong Column Weak Beam for a Six- Story Residential Building According to Indian Code

Ductile design and detailing provisions were revised in 2016 by the Bureau of Indian Standards. It introduced Strong Column Weak Beam Provision (SCWB) for beam-column joint. In this paper, an attempt is done to investigate the influence of SCWB provision on the Longitudinal Rebar Quantity (LRQ) of typical columns i.e. Corner Column, Edge Column, and Middle Column on seismic Zones III, IV, and V for six-story buildings. Story-wise variation reached a maximum from 100% to 200% in the 4th and 5th story whereas overall variation was observed from around 50% to 80% in LRQ of the column while considering SCWB over the conventional technique of column design. Finally, the study concludes that the requirement for design strength ratio i.e. Beam column capacity ratio ( 1.4 c b MM) has resulted in excessive quantity of rebar and thereby increasing its cost specifically for the residential buildings and apartments of smaller heights.

Review on Comparative Analysis of Symmetrical, Unsymmetrical and Diagrid Multistory Building using Staad pro.

Abstract: This review paper involves the study of various aspects of analysis and design of multi storey residential building by using STAAD. Pro. Structural designing requires a detailed structural analysis on which the design of the structure is based. But it is not always possible to do in manual calculation hence the need for programming tools was found. For which several of power tools were formed, among which the most widely used one is STAAD.

Performance of a seismically isolated building in Albania during the Durrës sequence of 2019 and a feasibility study of pendulum isolators in the region

This work evaluates the behaviour of the only seismically isolated building in Albania during the Durrës sequence of 2019 and analyses the efficiency and feasibility of pendulum isolators in the region. The behaviour of the existing building is analysed through observational data gathered during on-site inspection and is verified through numerical simulations using the impact of the main shock of 26th of November 2019. The technical efficiency and the economic feasibility of seismic isolation through pendulum isolators for non-strategic buildings are analysed by designing, detailing, and estimating the cost of an ordinary six story residential building in both approaches (capacity design and seismic isolation approach), accounting for the local factors such as typical architecture, soil characterization, the level of the seismic hazard and the cost of the construction materials and workmanship in the densely populated region of central Albania. The structural behaviour assessment highlighted the superiority of the seismic isolation, and the feasibility analysis revealed that the initial cost for delivering seismically isolated buildings is higher than that of the conventional approach by some percentage. However, the gains in structural performance and the relatively high seismic hazard of the country make seismic isolation of buildings a relevant alternative in achieving seismic protection for buildings in the region.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of a Multi Storey RC Structure Subjected to Strong Ground Motions

Abstract: A tremor or a movement of the ground occurs during an earthquake on Earth's surface. Earthquakes can also cause landslides and volcanic eruptions. Natural disasters or human activity can produce earthquakes, which are defined as seismic events generating seismic waves. Earthquakes most commonly occur when geological faults rupture, however they can also occur as a result of volcanic eruptions, landslides, mine explosions, and nuclear testing. The study of structural behavior towards different ground motions is therefore one of the main criteria to determine damage intensity. Structural Analysis of a residential building is carried out by using ETabs Software. Present study is intended to study the dynamic behavior of Multistorey Reinforced Concrete structure by considering, an existing G+13 storey residential building is modeled and its structural behaviour is studied using Time history method by considering different high intensity earthquakes. The behaviour of the building is studied mainly for its base shear, Storey displacement and maximum joint displacement.

Comparative Study of G+7 Storey Residential Building in Seismic Zone 5

Abstract: The important objective of Structural engineers is to design and build a structure in such a way that damage to the structure and its structural component during the earthquake is minimize. This report aims towards the Seismic analysis of a multi- storey RCC building with symmetrical configuration. For the analysis purpose model of seven storey RCC with symmetrical floor plan is consider. Seismic Zone 5 is considering for this Research work. The analysis is carried by using Seismic Coefficient Method & Response Spectrum Analysis. Seismic Coefficient Method is a part of a Linear Static Method, where Response Spectrum Analysis is a part of a Linear Dynamic Method. E-TABS Software are used for the Analysis work. For this study, Two Models are prepared. (1) G+7 Residential Building with Columns & (2) G+7 Residential Building with Shear Walls. Various response parameters such as Story Displacement, Story Drift, Time Period and Story Stiffness can be determined. Above all factors are comprised between two models. The main parameters of the seismic analysis of structures are load carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness, damping and mass.

Analysis and Design of G+10 Residential Building Using STAAD.PRO V8i

The main aim of structural engineer is to design the structure for a serviceable, safe, durable and economical. The entire process of structural planning and design is required imagination and sound knowledge. Analysis and design of G+10 storey residential building structure as per IS Code methods. Analysis and design of entire structure have been completed by manual design and verifies using STAAD.PRO V8i Software. Now a day large number of application software’s are available in the civil engineering field. All these software’s are developed as the basis of advanced. Finite element analysis which includes the effect of dynamic load such as wind effect, effect bets etc. in the present work, an attempt has been made to study the efficiency of certain civil engineering applications software’s such as STAAD.PRO V8i and ETABS. All the drafting and detailing was done by using AutoCAD 2021. In this project, the design of beam, column, slab, staircase, shear wall is calculated by “Limit State Method” using IS: 456-2000 IS code book. Different loads active on the member are consider according to IS:875-1987(part1,part2,part-3). Hence residential building is properly planned in accordance with Indian Standard Codes of India. KEY WORDS :- Analysis of structure(G+10) ,Design of structure (G+10), Auto cad 2021 ,STAAD.PRO V8i.

4D Scheduling and Simulation of G+3 Storey Residential Building Using Power Project Software

The report focuses on the attributes in which is try to explain our experience in a construction project using 4D Elecosoft power project software. The main aim of our project work is to design a G+3 residential building model using power project with 4D power project software. The knowledge which we have gained in our classes is helpful in designing and analyzing a construction project using 4D power project which makes the project easier to finish it and mark the delay of the construction and I gained lot of ideas regarding 4D power project software and their purpose in the recent era of construction projects. I have also found how a BIM or 4D power project software can make a project easier and earlier.

Effect of Increase in Swayload on Unsymmetrically Loaded Portal Frame Structure at Lekki Using Slope Deflection Method

This research work involves the study on the effect of increase in lateral load by 0.5kN on the slopes (θ), linear displacement (∆), Xmax and the bending moments of an unsymmetrically loaded portal frames structures with uniform flexural rigidity (E.I = constant) using the slope deflection method, also the results was obtained and represented graphically. In this study, the discussion will be restricted to one story building under differential settlement and also the analysis will be carried out on an unsymmetrical loaded portal frame structure using the slope deflection method of analysis. The slope B (θB) decreases positively as the lateral load increases by 0.5kN while slope C (θC) increases negatively as the sway load increases. The linear displacement (∆) increases negatively as the sway load increases while the Xmax, Mmax, MAB, MBA andMCB increases positively as the sway load increases by 0.5kN. MDC decreases negatively as the sway load increases by 0.5kN. The proposed method of analysis offers a number of relative simple expressions from which the lateral sway, slopes, Xmax values and the bending moments can be easily calculated for the portal frame structure under increase in lateral loads that is saving time and attractive for use in preliminary design and studying structures subjected to dynamic loads. The present analysis describes the relation between the increase in lateral load on linear displacements, slopes, Xmax values and the bending moments of the portal frame structure. The maximum sway depends mainly in the contribution of the increase in lateral load, bending moment and the slope of the portal frame structure, the bending moment in columns and the beams which represent the contribution of the moment of inertia of columns, beams and their cross sectional areas. The contribution of the normal forces in the portal frame is approximately equal to zero which represent the contribution of the cross sectional area of the portal frame. The great advantages of the slope deflection method of analysis are the determination of the lateral sway by using hand calculations only (without the use of computer computations) or by using simple spread sheet program {Excel program}. Slope deflection equation was derived for one storey residential building under collapse due to sideway or linear displacement. The dead loads and live loads were applied as uniformly distributed load on beam and sway force on column of the portal frame. This research work will serve as a useful interactive material for teaching structural engineering students and a valuable tool for practicing structural engineers.

Study of Interference Effect of Wind Pressure on Roof of Multi-storey Residential Buildings

In this paper, a series of wind tunnel experiments were carried out on the rigid model of 5-6 storey residential buildings to study the influence of the location, spacing and wind direction of the buildings on the roof wind pressure of multi-storey residential buildings. The test results show that the maximum average wind pressure and extreme negative wind pressure of a single building occur in the roof ridge area at the corner and both ends of the roof, taking a multi-storey building with length × width × height of 60m×12m×20m as an example. For the buildings with three rows and three columns, when the building is located at the corner, the most unfavorable wind direction is 30°, 210°, and 330°. The most unfavorable extreme value of negative wind pressure is -8.72. The negative wind pressure coefficient of the most unfavorable extreme value of the building roof at the corner position and the middle position of the first row decreased with the length-width ratio and the spacing increased. The negative wind pressure coefficient of the most unfavorable extreme value of the building roof at the edge and middle of the second row did not change significantly with the increase of length-width ratio but increased with the increase of space. In the corner area of the roof, the interference factor of the corner position and the middle position of the first row decreased with the space, while the interference factor of the edge position and the middle position of the second row increased with the space. The variation trend of the middle area of the roof is the same as that of the corner area, but the interference factor is generally small. The interference factor of the wall area is always greater than 1.0.

RECYCLED TIRE ISOLATOR AS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING IN MALAYSIA

The studies of seismic isolation have gradually become important particularly in countries of active seismicity activity. The main idea of isolation is to provide flexibility to the structural foundation as well as to absorb energy and mitigating ground acceleration generated from earthquake forces. However, the cost to manufacture conventional commercial rubber isolator is high due to its heavy weight complicated in the process of preparation involving expensive machinery. When earthquake occurs, the building structure especially low rise residential buildings such as single storey buildings are subjected to high inertia forces which lead to structural damages. Country such as Malaysia which located outside the earthquake region is now even facing the threat of earthquake too in some areas especially Sabah. This alerts Malaysia that there is a need to develop an earthquake resistance mechanism. Recycled Tire Isolator (RTI) is a model designed to be embedded into the foundation of a low rise building in order to withstand earthquake forces. The main component in the fabrication of RTI is recycled tire. The useable section of the recycle tire is the tread and will be split into small pieces with measurement of 300mm x 210mm. Each piece of cut tire is about 10mm thick. The method of preparation of RTI samples is simple which is cost effective and sustainable. RTI samples consist of four to five layers of cut recycled tire pads. Static compression test was conducted to examine the vertical capacity of RTI. A controlled vertical force of 380 kN (maximum capacity of the compression test machine) was applied on to the RTI during the compression test. An average displacement of 11.5mm was recorded when the cracking sound was heard indicating the failure of RTI sample. The static or vertical stiffness of RTI was determined. Besides, dynamic compressive load test was another experiment carried out to examine the damping coefficient, damping ratio and also dynamic stiffness of RTI. The results obtained from the experiment were compared with the commercial available isolators and also compared among the RTIs. The similarities of characteristics between RTI and the commercial isolators have given an indication that RTI has great potential to be adopted as earthquake base isolator for single storey residential buildings.

RECYCLED TIRE ISOLATOR AS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE SYSTEM FOR SINGLE STOREY BUILDING IN MALAYSIA

The studies of seismic isolation have gradually become important particularly in countries of active seismicity activity. The main idea of isolation is to provide flexibility to the structural foundation as well as to absorb energy and mitigating ground acceleration generated from earthquake forces. However, the cost to manufacture conventional commercial rubber isolator is high due to its heavy weight complicated in the process of preparation involving expensive machinery. When earthquake occurs, the building structure especially low rise residential buildings such as single storey buildings are subjected to high inertia forces which lead to structural damages. Country such as Malaysia which located outside the earthquake region is now even facing the threat of earthquake too in some areas especially Sabah. This alerts Malaysia that there is a need to develop an earthquake resistance mechanism. Recycled Tire Isolator (RTI) is a model designed to be embedded into the foundation of a low rise building in order to withstand earthquake forces. The main component in the fabrication of RTI is recycled tire. The useable section of the recycle tire is the tread and will be split into small pieces with measurement of 300mm x 210mm. Each piece of cut tire is about 10mm thick. The method of preparation of RTI samples is simple which is cost effective and sustainable. RTI samples consist of four to five layers of cut recycled tire pads. Static compression test was conducted to examine the vertical capacity of RTI. A controlled vertical force of 380 kN (maximum capacity of the compression test machine) was applied on to the RTI during the compression test. An average displacement of 11.5mm was recorded when the cracking sound was heard indicating the failure of RTI sample. The static or vertical stiffness of RTI was determined. Besides, dynamic compressive load test was another experiment carried out to examine the damping coefficient, damping ratio and also dynamic stiffness of RTI. The results obtained from the experiment were compared with the commercial available isolators and also compared among the RTIs. The similarities of characteristics between RTI and the commercial isolators have given an indication that RTI has great potential to be adopted as earthquake base isolator for single storey residential buildings.

Assessing the Strength of Lightweight Concrete using Oil Palm Shells (OPS) as Coarse Aggregates

The usage of concrete spans the length of civilization and in modern day construction environment, concrete remains one of its major materials. As a result of high cost of construction and construction materials especially in Ghana and other developing countries in West Africa, different efforts have been made to find alternative local building materials to substitute wholly or partly some of the constituents of concrete. This paper looks at the potential of oil palm shells (OPS) as coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete by mainly assessing the compressive strength of OPS concrete and also establish the best mix ratio for OPS concrete. The coarse aggregate of the mix ratios 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 were replaced with OPS and their densities and compressive strengths determined on the 7th, 21st and 28th days of the concrete maturity. It was found that OPS can be used to replace coarse aggregate up to 75% in 1:2:4 mix ratio and up to 50% in 1:3:6 mix ratio. It is therefore recommended that the best mix ratios are 1:2:2:2 and 1:3:3:3. Single storey residential buildings, offices and footbridges are some of the recommended structures that OPS concrete could be suitable for.
 Keywords: Lightweight concrete; oil palm shell aggregates; density; concrete cubes; concrete maturity

Regressive model filling proekt desing to energy efficiency of building.

Currently, the regulatory (compulsory) method of normalization in construction is used in Ukraine. Its essence lies in the elemental description of the construction object, according to which alternative design solutions are offered. In other words, building codes are transformed into rigid instructions. The parametric method of rationing involves the establishment of functional requirements, parameters, in particular, the energy efficiency parameters of individual structural solutions of a building. From many possible alternatives, the designer chooses the most effective solution, for example, on the criterion of energy efficiency. The parametric rationing method is based on a hierarchy of goals and objectives and is more progressive.The purpose of the article is to substantiate the influence of engineering and design decisions on the energy efficiency of residential buildings by the method of correlation-regression analysis.Using the methods of correlation (stochastic) analysis and the corresponding software product of the MS Excel environment, a regression model (equation) of dependence of the energy efficiency level of a residential building (B) on a set of engineering and technical design solutions was created. Specific energy consumption (ER) indicators for 27 projects of 4 - 9 storey residential buildings were considered as baseline data. The design solutions for each project were considered in the following areas: exterior wall and door structures, attic ceilings, translucent enclosure structures. of the given equation is only 11.6%, the coefficients of elasticity for each factor are calculated.The regression equation obtained and the coefficients of regression and elasticity derived therefrom can be used in parametric normalization and in parametric pricing. Knowing the quantitative impact of each individual factor X and their totality on the resultant exponentials - the level of energy consumption B, one can purposefully focus on one or another factor. That is, to have a hierarchical, parametric series of influence of different design decisions on the energy efficiency index of a building.

Static, Dynamic and Pogressive Collapse Analysis of Multi Storey (G+10) Residential Building by ETABS Software

This project presents an attempt to do static, dynamic and progressive collapse analysis of multistory (G+10) residential building by ETABS (Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems). ETABS is software that helps to anatomization and design of low and high-rise buildings and frame structures. In this project G+10 RC frame building is analysis statically (linear method) and dynamically (Response Spectrum method) along with Progressive Collapse analysis. All the members of the project are analyzed as per Indian codes IS 456:2000, IS 800:2007, and IS 1893:2002 (part1) code using this software. Here the result for Story stiffness, Base shear, Story Shear, Overturning moments, Maximum displacement, and Story Drift is compared between static and dynamic results for Zone2-(case1), Zone3-(case2), Zone4-(case3), Zone5-(case4) with medium soil type and for Progressive Collapse analysis GSA guidelines are followed. As per GSA guidelines three column removal cases for each case1, case2, case3, and case4 individually studied, namely Corner column removal, Exterior column removal and interior column removal at ground floor. For all three cases linear analysis study has been undertaken and DCR ratios are evaluated. Member having DCR ratio greater than 2 will going to fail for corresponding column removal case.

Butt-joint bonding of timber as a key technology for point-supported, biaxial load bearing flat slabs made of cross-laminated timber

An efficient butt-joint bonding technology allows to build new types of timber structures. Under the name Timber Structures 3.0 a connection has been developed which connects timber elements with an end-grain to end-grain butt joint bonding. Therefore, it is now possible to build continuous, point supported flat slabs in cross laminated timber (CLT). Multiple CLT slabs are connected rigidly together and are only supported by columns. Some major challenges had to be solved in terms of bending strength of the glued connection and shear resistance of the part of the slab above the column. The research in both topics is successful and more projects were built in the last two years using this technology. Starting point was a real scale structure at ETH Zurich, followed by a working platform for a timber construction company and finally four three storey residential buildings. The research team is continuing to optimize the different elements of this innovative technology and will soon provide engineers with guidelines to design their own biaxial, point supported timber flat slabs.

Axial and radial thermal responses of energy pile under six storey residential building

The axial and radial thermal responses of a cast-in-place energy pile, 10 m long and 0.6 m in diameter, installed in unsaturated sand under a six storey building are examined during a heating–cooling cycle. The instrumentation in the pile was configured to compare radial and axial thermal responses at the same elevations and to evaluate the temperature and axial thermal stress distribution across the cross-sectional area of the pile. The magnitudes of the axial thermal strains were more constrained than the radial thermal strains at all depths, leading to the development of axial and radial thermal stresses of up to –4.5 and –0.015 MPa, respectively, for a change in average pile temperature of 24.1 °C. The magnitudes of the radial thermal stresses with changes in pile temperature were significantly lower than the axial thermal stresses at all depths of the pile, indicating that the radial thermal expansion had negligible effects on the development of axial thermal strains and stresses. The temperature distribution over the cross section of the pile showed low variations at all depths, indicating that it would be justified to consider a uniform temperature distribution at least in piles of similar dimensions and with even heat exchanger layouts.

The Relation between Building Height and Construction Costs in 1 to 50- Storey Residential Buildings

پیشرفت علوم مهندسی در زمینه‌های مختلف، از جمله ساخت‌وساز و نیز تغییر سیاست‌های شهرداری‌ها و دولت‌ها، مبنی بر پیشگیری از گسترش افقی شهرها، منجر به افزایش بلندمرتبه‌سازی خصوصا در کلان‌شهرها شده است. این موضوع به‌ویژه در توسعه شهرها و نیز سیاست‌گذاری‌های عمده مؤثر خواهد بود.در این مقاله رابطه بین تعداد طبقات ساختمان و هزینه‌های ساخت بررسی می‌شود. به این منظور پس از بررسی دستاورد محققین دیگر کشورها، علاوه بر استعلام و اخذ اطلاعات کمی از زنجیره تأمین‌کنندگان و نیز پیمانکاران پروژه‌های مختلف، با خبرگان مصاحبه و اطلاعات آن به منظور استفاده در مدل‌سازی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار‌های BIM به کار گرفته شده است.نتیجه کلی نشان می‌دهد که برخلاف تصور عمومی، هزینه ساخت بناهای بلندتر لزوما بیشتر نخواهد بود و لازم است، در هر بازه ارتفاعی مورد نظر طراح، هزینه ساخت بر مبنای نمودارهایی مد نظر قرار گیرد. به طور مثال، در ساختمان‌های دارای هفت، چهل و دو، و چهل و هشت طبقه افزایش هزینه به ازای افزایش یک طبقه موجب تحمیل هزینه‌های مازادی خواهد شد که پروژه را از یک پروژه مقرون به صرفه به بدون صرفه تبدیل می‌کند. به همین ترتیب برای پروژه‌های متداول و مرسوم شهری و همین‌طور پروژه‌های انبوه‌سازی ارتفاع بهینه 9طبقه پیشنهاد می‌شود. در مقیاس زمین‌های واقع در پهنه‌بندی بلندمرتبه گزینه‌های 30 تا 40طبقه مرجح است. نگارندگان در این مطالعه به قیمت زمین و هزینه‌های ناشی از زیرساخت نپرداخته و صرفا هزینه‌های ساخت خود بنا را در نظر گرفته‌اند. همچنین مطالعات مربوط به رویکردهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی مؤثر بر قیمت فروش و عوامل غیر از ساخت در نظر گرفته نشده‌اند.

Effect of different frame materials on the primary energy use of a multi storey residential building in a life cycle perspective

Primary energy implications over the life cycle of a multi storey residential building with different building systems are explored here. The main structural materials of the buildings include precast concrete, cross laminated timber (CLT) and prefabricated timber modules (modular). The analysis covers energy and material flows from different life cycle phases of the building versions, designed to meet the energy performance of the Swedish building code (BBR) and passive house criteria. The CLT and modular buildings were found to result in lower production primary energy use and higher biomass residues compared to the concrete alternative. The heating value of the recoverable biomass residues from the production phase of the CLT building is significantly larger than the primary energy required for its production. Primary energy use for production and construction constitutes 20–30% and 36–47% of the total primary energy use for production, construction, space heating, ventilation and demolition for the BBR and passive buildings, respectively. Space heating with combined heat and power (CHP) and ventilation electricity for the BBR and passive building versions form 70–79% and 52–63%, respectively, of the total primary energy use for production, construction, space heating, ventilation and demolition for a lifespan of 80 years. The CLT and modular buildings give 20–37% and 9–17% lower total life cycle primary energy use, respectively, than the concrete alternative when space heating is from CHP.