Story Of Building Research Articles

Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Rod Structures of Bearing Frame Systems of Multi-storey Buildings

In the context of limited land resources and their ever-increasing cost, cities cannot expand immensely in breadth, they increase, and will grow upwards due to the growth in the number of storeys of residential, civil and public buildings. With an increase in the number of storeys, buildings become complex and responsible engineering structures. Thousands of people are simultaneously in a residential and administrative high-rise building, the life and well-being of one or the other openly depend on the knowledge and skills of designers and builders. In this regard, cutting a multi-storey frame frame into prefabricated elements has a significant impact on the technical and economic performance of the building. The mass, geometric dimensions, configuration of prefabricated elements, the manufacturability of their manufacture and installation, as well as the number of assembly units and their connections, the composition of the latter but their functional purpose depend on it. In calculations, the most important phase is the construction of calculation models for individual elements and carrier systems as a whole, at the same time, the calculation model must be elementary and freely implementable using computer technology. At the present stage, calculation methods that take into account cracking and nonlinear compliance of joints to the operation of frames are not sufficiently developed, and the effect of the effect of unloading the middle zone of sections on the feature of the stress-strain state of sections has not been determined even for the stage of work before cracking, due to the unsolved problem of opening the internal static indefinability. The relevance of this article is the formation of a discrete calculation model in the form of the method of concentrated deformations and analytical, using it to calculate reinforced concrete bar structures of the load-bearing systems of multi-storey buildings.

Pure-bending yielding dissipater for the seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings with soft-story irregularity

Removing masonry infill walls from the ground or lower stories of buildings to make more open spaces, may lead to forming soft-story structural irregularities. Since considering the masonry infill walls as non-structural components is a common assumption in the evaluation of the seismic demand of buildings, there is a lack of knowledge dealing with the influence of the soft-story effect on the seismic response. In this study, the performance of 4-, 8-, and 12-story moment-resisting reinforced concrete frames with and without a ground soft story is compared first. Then, a proposal including the use of a yielding dissipater device to retrofit soft-story buildings is presented. The low cost, the simple manufacturing technology, and the same behavior in tension and compression, which makes the new axial force not imposed on the columns, are some of the advantages of this device. In order to assess the seismic performance of the proposed system, incremental dynamic analysis was conducted on the frames. Five states were considered for each frame: (a) bare frame, (b) fully-infilled frame, (c) ground soft-story frame, (d) and (e) retrofitted frames with two different configurations of yielding dissipater devices in the ground soft story. The responses of the structures are compared in terms of capacity curves, progressive damage curves, inter-story drifts, and story damage values. The results demonstrate that the frames equipped with the yielding dissipater devices experience higher lateral load capacity, lower overall damage, lower drift, and a lower damage value in the ground story than the soft-story ones.

Seismic design and hybrid simulation test of existing concrete frames upgraded by metallic damper

Concrete frame makes up a large amount of current building structures. Therefore, there is a high need to upgrade the existing frame owing to material aging, cracking and crushing of concrete which significantly decreased the anti-seismic capacity. In this paper, the metallic damper was employed to upgrade the existing concrete frames. An interactive seismic design process was described to properly determine the yield strength of metallic damper of each floor. Two prototype buildings including one existing concrete frame and one existing concrete frame upgraded by metallic damper were selected as research objects. Hybrid simulation tests were performed to observe the seismic performance of prototype buildings, in which the numerical model was established by OpenSEES software and its accuracy was validated against the test results. The side span in the first story of the prototype building was selected as physical substructure. Based on the test results, it indicated that the metallic damper could significantly decrease the story drift of structure and relatively minor damage was detected on the metallic damper upgraded concrete frame compared with pure concrete frame. Typical failure modes and dynamic responses of two substructures were evaluated and discussed. Afterwards, the global responses of two prototype buildings were analyzed to reveal the influence of metallic damper. It suggested that the strength of metallic damper should be 0.4 to 0.6 times the story shear for better decreasing the story drift ratio and dissipating the input seismic energy. The test and analytical results provided a reasonable upgrade method for existing concrete frame under seismic actions.

Optimum tuned tandem mass dampers for suppressing seismic-induced vibrations considering soil-structure interaction

In recent studies, it has been stated that tuned tandem mass dampers (TTMD) will be a practical mechanical solution to reduce the dynamic responses of structures under seismic excitations. However, since TTMD is tuned based on the dominant frequency of the superstructure, ignoring the soil-structure interaction (SSI), it may cause a notable deterioration in the control performance of the control devices. Thus, a methodology for the optimum design of TTMD positioned on the top story of a high-rise building due to near-fault pulse-like ground motions considering potential SSI effects has been investigated in this paper. Firstly, the TTMD is located on the top story of a well-known 40-story shear building, and the equations of motion for soil-structure-TTMD interaction are derived. Based on the sequential quadratic programming (SQP), the tuning parameters of TTMD are then found for different support conditions in the frequency domain. The efficiency of SQP is also compared with two meta-heuristic algorithms (i.e., simulated annealing and pattern search algorithms). The effectiveness of optimum TTMD is tested using 30 near-fault pulse-like ground motions using time-domain analyses. Numerical results showed that the optimum TTMD is more effective in suppressing the maximum displacement and inter-story drift of the building, considering SSI. It is also found that the frequency content of the earthquake, as well as the pulse period of the earthquake and soil type, has a significant effect on the control performance of the TTMD.

Influence of transverse beams on seismic behavior of a reinforced concrete beam-column joint

In this study, an interior reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joint from the ground storey of a generic 3-storey building, has been studied for the lateral load carrying capacity. Four instances of the interior joint have been considered: a two-dimensional joint and a joint with transverse beams, each with their combination of, with and without joint hoops. Finite element (FE) modelling package, ABAQUS has been used for the numerical modelling of the joint specimens. Quasi-static cyclic lateral loading was applied to the specimens to develop the force–displacement relations, which could eventually determine the effectiveness of including joint hoops and transverse beams to the joint. It has been found that, in a seismically designed joint, inclusion of transverse beams has negligible effect on the behaviour of the joint, whereas it improved significantly in a non-seismically designed joint.

Chris Ware’s Building Stories jigsaw puzzle (2021)

As the Journal of Urban Cultural Studies enters its tenth year of publication, this first instalment of a two-part editorial turns towards questions of memory and urban life. The vehicle for thinking through these questions is the actual, tactile puzzle that comics artist Chris Ware released as an extension to his Building Stories box set. In the guise of a review-style piece, that is, a close reading of the puzzle as an urban comics text in its own right, this instalment indirectly introduces themes to be continued in the second editorial, due out later this year.

Creating the South Caroliniana Library

Creating the South Caroliniana Library

Enhancement of Himalayan irregular stone masonry buildings for resilient seismic design

In the Himalayan region of Nepal, stone masonry has been used for centuries as the primary building material for structures with or without mud mortar. In three distinct remote rural villages, a thorough structural survey of approximately 223 buildings was conducted with an emphasis on their structural irregularities. The thickness of masonry walls frequently varied between floors, which caused mass irregularities. Openings in the front wall of the buildings were not symmetrical in the vertical direction, which caused in-plane discontinuity. There were also out-of-plane offset irregularities due to the cross wall on the ground floor. These buildings were irregular in many aspects and were constructed without seismic considerations. This type of construction is more susceptible to earthquakes as a result of these irregularities. In this study, a thorough examination of a typical building was conducted using construction information obtained following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. The database for each structural typology was prepared with an emphasis on construction practice to enhance the seismic design. The use of mud/cement mortar was extremely sparse, and the use of timber bands at various heights along the height of the masonry wall and an inappropriate connection between the wall and the roof were also negligible. The three main community-learned improvements following damage were the replacement of the gable wall with a metal sheet, the reduction of individual stone masonry homes to one story, and lighter construction on the upper stories of hotel buildings. Based on regional building techniques, non-linear finite models for typical and enhanced buildings were simulated. Due to the irregular stone units, construction variability, and constrained linear behavior, stone masonry with and without mud mortar presents difficulties in conducting a detailed numerical analysis. The development of these structures using mud/cement mortar and other regional materials, with careful attention to detail, was found to have significant potential as a seismically resilient building form.

Influence of Pile Foundation Stiffness on Column Design in One-Story Reinforced Concrete Frames

When designing reinforced slender columns for the lowest story of buildings, all factors that may affect the load-bearing capacity should be considered. One is the increase in the bending moment value caused by the rotation of the supporting foundation. The geotechnical parameters of subsoil stiffness and the method of calculating foundation displacements are the main influences. This problem applies to both shallow foundations and pile foundations. The article presents this issue in relation to pile foundations in multilayered subsoils and also the method and examples of second-order calculations that take into account the influence of pile support and columns’ nominal stiffness. The results showed that taking into account the stiffness of the pile foundation has an impact on the increase in bending moments in the columns, and this cannot be ignored in the design. The presented method allows for a precise, safe and optimal design of concrete columns supported by foundations on multilayered subsoils.

Identification of critical altitude of buildings in historical center of a large city

The authenticity preservation of buildings in the historical center of the city and its panoramic perception, are impossible without regulating the number of storeys of new buildings that appear during the reconstruction, renovation and development of green areas.Purpose: Methodology development of historical and architectural environment of the large city center to identify the critical altitude of historical buildings.Methodology: the landscape visual analysis, based on theoretical and practical experience in the critical altitude principle.Research findings: The proposed methodology was tested in 20212022 in the historical center of the city of Penza. It is highly appreciated by the professional community. This methodology includes research of Russian and foreign scientists and practical approaches. High quality of results are obtained.Practical implications: The proposed methodology is quite universal and can be used in various historical cities, small towns, and also in largest cities. It can be used both as a whole and in separate stages, depending on the urban planning tasks.

A Case Study of Relations between India and Germany and their Impact on Trade

India and Germany, with their vast economic parameters are nations that believe in a pluralist and open society, uphold democratic values and show great respect for human rights. Despite the shared values India and Germany are yet to transform their relationship to their full potential. Both the countries started re-writing their story of nation building around the same time in the mid-1940’s. The cold-war period was a period of insignificance in the relations of the two countries. However, the fall of the Berlin Wall, in 1989 and the economic liberalisation of India, in 1991, were two milestones that both India and Germany experienced. India’s economic policy reform, whereby it opened its economy to the world, also impacted Germany. This changed the dynamics of Indo-German relationship. Since then, a deeper understanding of each other and increased cooperation between the two partners has brought in notable gains and strengthened economic, political and social ties. Empirical data, however, shows that this relationship still has greater economic potential and can consequently, help in consolidating the position of the two partners at the international stage.

Strengthening method by using ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete panels for a column on the soft first story of a reinforced concrete building

This paper presents a simple and efficient strengthening method by using ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete (UFC) panels on the soft first storys of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings at the risk of story collapse or shear failure of column due to earthquakes. Five 1/3 scale specimens, which replicated RC columns on the soft first story of a 10-story condominium building heavily damaged by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, were constructed and tested. One of these was a reference specimen (no strengthening), and the other four were strengthened by attaching UFC panels on the two faces parallel to the assumed loading direction with or without an UFC or a RC wing wall on either column side. Cyclic lateral and varying axial loads were applied to the specimens to emulate earthquake loads. Load–deformation hysteretic responses, failure modes, and the responses of the UFC panels and the wing walls, are discussed in detail. The experimental results revealed that the reference specimen (without strengthening) had a low-load-carrying capacity and exhibited brittle shear failure, as observed in the actual building during the earthquake. Conversely, the strength and deformation capacities of the strengthened specimens improved considerably, and the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening method was validated quantitatively.

Effect of Shape and Size of Openings in Shear Walls on Lateral Deformations in Shear Walled Framed Structures

Due to the high density of occupancy of multi-storey structures, structural safety becomes of utmost importance. Shear walls are structural walls which assist the framed structure in resisting lateral forces due to wind and earthquake. Providing the shear walls in multi-storeyed buildings decrease the necessity of providing heavier frames thereby increasing the floor area available in the structure. Generally, openings are provided in shear walls for architectural and functional requirements of the building structure. It is well known that providing openings in shear walls significantly decrease its stiffness and tension/Compression coupling mechanism. Codes of various origins restrict the percentage of openings in shear walls, however, remain silent about the shape of opening. The Finite element analysis has become an essential method of analysis for incorporating the physical entities mathematically. This paper aims to numerically investigate the effect of opening shape and opening size on lateral deformations of a multi-storeyed framed structure. To this end various shapes of openings i.e. triangular, square, and circular are incorporated in the shear wall and for each opening shape 20% and 25% openings have been considered. A ten-storey building containing the shear walls of various configurations has been analysed using the SAP2000 under the seismic load condition and the maximum lateral deformation produced at top storey of buildings are compared.

Modal based method to predict subway train-induced vibration in buildings

The train-induced vibrations on the buildings nearby the railway lines was a serious challenge for the citizens. Therefore, it was necessary to provide a simple model to predict vibrations in the buildings. In response to this need, a numerical model based on the results of modal analysis of buildings was developed. The modal parameters of the building were identified using the double-confirmation analysis method. The transfer function was obtained from the dynamic response of the modal analysis to recreate vibration acceleration in different stories of the building from the field-measured records, which were applied into the building foundation. The accuracy of the proposed model was confirmed by field tests on a five-story residential building in vicinity of the railway lines. The results of the proposed model were used to identify the propagation of annoying vibrations into the building story and to assess the safety of buildings against train-induced vibrations.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CHOICE OF A RATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DECISION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNDERGROUND PART OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WHEN USING THE “UP−DOWN” METHOD

Problem statement. There is a noticeable tendency to increase the number of storeys of buildings and constructions with the development of urbanisation and growing demand for urban development. Analysis of the number of residential and public buildings damaged due to hostilities in Ukraine shows the prospects of restoring the large settlements by rebuilding the high-rise buildings, increasing the total number of storeys, and forming the infrastructure complexes of a new generation. Limited time and planned investments increase involving international finance institutions caused the problem with the effective evaluation of methods for constructing high-rise buildings, considering extremely short deadlines on the major construction and installation work. Purpose of the article – is to develop a method of choice of a rational organisational and technological decision for constructing the underground parts of high-rise buildings, which is based on an analysis of the factor of construction work complexity, considering the “up−down” method and the experts' evaluation method. Conclusion. The choice of the reasonable organisational and technological decision regarding the construction of high-rise buildings' underground parts considering the “up−down” method was justified. The factors that impact the complexity of construction work in the construction of underground parts of high-rise buildings were revealed. It was determined that for the construction of the pit in the construction of the underground part of high-rise buildings, which have deep foundations and a multi-storey system of deep floors, with the “up−down” method application, the use of the semi-closed method is reasonable. To make a justified decision on the choice of rational option for constructing the pit in the construction of the underground part of high-rise buildings by the “up−down” method for each case of changing the initial project data, performing the analysis according to the proposed method was recommended.

Blue revolution for food security under carbon neutrality: A case from the water-saving and drought-resistance rice

Blue revolution for food security under carbon neutrality: A case from the water-saving and drought-resistance rice

Reading on Domestic Life Before and After the Period of Turkish-Greek Population Exchange from Historical Houses: Niğde Oral Mansion Sample

After the compulsory exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923, immigrants started a new life in another country. During this process, the need for shelter was tried to be solved by placing Turkish Muslim immigrants into the exchanged Greek non-Muslims’ houses. In this study, data related to the changing domestic life and space with the user before and after the exchange in a mansion in Turkey were obtained with documentation in accordance with the architectural preservation discipline. The social, cultural, economic, religious differences of the leaving Greek family and the Turkish family that moved into it, were reflected in the transforming spaces of the mansion. Oral and written historical research on the building has been supported by documenting building following the architectural conservation discipline. Data about the life of the Greeks, the first owners of the mansion, which is located in the Cappadocia region in Nigde, can be read from the functions of the places, the workmanship of the building, the quality of the materials used, the stone and woodwork decoration features. The spaces used in the mansion have changed and transformed over time in accordance with the users’ religious belief, culture and economic situation of the after exchanged period. Reading and interpreting the story of a historical building containing information about the period in this way has also revealed the adaptation of human beings to sustainable life and space. Thanks to this adaptation, these historical houses with a history of more than hundred years have been preserved.

Seismic Resistance Building Using Eccentric Braces In Infill Structure at Soft Story Level A Review

A soft story or a weak story is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the story above or it can be less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness of the three stories above. For the reduction of lateral deflection of a structure, a bracing system is provided. In seismic design of structure and in high rise structure, the provision of bracing system has become more effective. So, this paper aims to find out the effect of bracing on soft story of steel building. In this paper, G+7 steel frames are modeled with different type of bracing pattern and different combination of soft story using software STAAD Pro. Effect of these different bracings on soft story is studied for different parameter like column displacement, maximum deflection, story drift, maximum bending moment, maximum axial force and maximum shear force. From the observed result best type of bracing will be selected.

Building Story Games Toward Student’s Speaking Ability

The researcher took pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test design. The population of this research was the eighth grade students in academic year 2018/2019. There were 86 students spread in 3 classes (VIII Expert, VIII Excellent 1, and VIII Excellent 2) and each class consist appropriately 26-31 students. VIII Expert class was taken as the sample and the total of samples is 26 students. The data of the research was collected by using speaking test. The result of data analysis showed that there was significant difference between the students’ score after they were taught by the using building story games and before they were taught by the using building story games. It was proved by the mean score of the post-test which was higher than the mean score of pre-test (73.88>63.43). Furthermore, the result of the p-value was lower than α (0.000<0.05) which means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Based on data analysis, the research concluded that there is the use of building story games toward student’s speaking ability.

Modeling Artificial Light Exposure after Vegetation Trimming at a Marine Turtle Nesting Beach

Light pollution caused by poorly directed artificial lighting has increased globally in recent years. Artificial lights visible along marine turtle nesting beaches can disrupt natural brightness cues used by hatchling turtles to orient correctly to the ocean for their offshore migrations. Natural barriers, such as tall dunes and dense vegetation, that block coastal and inland lights from the beach may reduce this disruption. However, coastal areas are often managed toward human values, including the trimming of vegetation to improve ocean views. We used viewshed models to determine how reducing the dune vegetation height (specifically that of seagrape, Cocoloba uvifera) might increase the amount of artificial light from upland buildings that reaches a marine turtle nesting beach in Southeast Florida. We incorporated three data sets (LiDAR data, turtle nest locations, and field surveys of artificial lights) into a geographic information system to create viewsheds of lighting from buildings across 21 vegetation profiles. In 2018, when most seagrape patches had been trimmed to <1.1 m tall, female loggerhead turtles nested in areas with potential for high light exposure based on a cumulative viewshed model. Viewshed models using random (iterative simulations) and nonrandom selections of buildings revealed that untrimmed seagrape heights (mean = 3.1 m) and especially taller vegetation profiles effectively reduced potential lighting exposure from three building heights (upper story, midstory, and ground level). Even the tallest modeled vegetation, however, would fail to block lights from the upper stories of some tall buildings. Results from this study can support management decisions regarding the trimming of beach dune vegetation, any associated changes in the visibility of artificial lighting from the nesting areas, and modifications to existing lighting needed to mitigate light exposure.