Storage Research Articles

Análisis de riesgo a la salud de una instalación petrolera del Suroeste de México

Dur ing an En vi ron men tal Au dit in an oil stor age and dis tri bu tion sta tion (TAD) lo cated at South-west Mex ico, hy dro car bon con tam i na tion was de tected. Be cause of it, a com plete study of the site’s con tam i na tion was re quired. From this work’s re sults, it can be stated that TAD sub soil is con tam i nated by to tal pe tro leum hy dro car bons (TPH), in con cen tra tions from ND to 59,000 mg/kg. Nei ther ben zene, to lu ene, ethylbenzene or xylenes (BTEX), nor methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), nor methyl tert-amyl ether (MTE) were de tected. From the 16 polycyclic ar o matic hy dro car bons (PAH) an a lyzed, only naph tha lene was found in one sam ple point at a con cen tra tion be low 1 mg/kg. The pres ence of Fe, Pb, and Zn was iden ti fied in the sub soil, but the cal cu lated geo-accumulation in dexes sug gest a nat u ral con cen tra tions and not a con tam i na tion’s prod uct. TPH were found in groundwaters, but only in one of the six sam pled wells over the rec om mended level of 10 mg/l. It was also found that Fe con cen tra tions ex ceed the sug gested value of 0.3 mg/l in five of the six sam pled wells. It was de ter mined that ground wa ter’s pH value is not linked to the

중산간 농업용 만운저수지의 수질환경특성

Manun Reservoir, located in Andong district has the capacity of 2 million tons in irrigation water supply with the drainage area of . Manun Reservoir is over fifty year old, and shallow in depth. The ratio of drainage area (DA) to reservoir surface area (SA) as an effective physical parameter on water quality was 56.1 and was higher than those of other agricultural reservoirs. The ratio of reservoir storage (ST) to SA in Manun Reservoir was 4.79, and the mean depth was below 8m. Both ratios of DS/SA, total area (TA)/ST and ST/SA in Manun Reservoir were relatively higher than those in other agricultural reservoir and natural lakes in Korea. These physical parameters in Manun Reservoir, however, had a eutropic potential significance. Average of COD, IN, and TP in Manun Reservoir were 11.1 mg/L 1.426 mg/L, 0.093 mg/L, respectively. In the inflow stream of Manun Reservoir, the TN () was higher than those in reservoir. Only Lyngbya spp. was dominant in phytoplankton for this study period and Gymnodinium spp., Peridinium spp., and Cryptomonas spp. were dominant in zooplankton. According to the Carlson's trophic status index, Mnnun Reservoir was eutrophic in 1996, 1997, and 1999, and hypertrophic in 1998.

Radiação gama na conservação pós-colheita da nectarina (Prunus persica var. Nucipersica) frigoconservada

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças do Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP - Câmpus de Botucatu, tendo como objetivo principal a caracterização do comportamento da radiação gama, na conservação pós-colheita da nectarina cv. "Sunred". Os frutos foram colhidos no início do estádio de maturação, selecionados, limpos, pré-resfriados (4ºC por 12 horas) e submetidos a diferentes doses de radiação gama, constituindo assim os tratamentos: 1 0,0 kGy, 2 - 0,2 kGy, 3 - 0,4 kGy, 4 - 0,6 kGy, 5 - 0,8 kGy, sendo após armazenados em câmara fria com temperaturas de 0ºC e 90-95% de UR, por 28 dias. As análises foram realizadas a cada sete dias, determinando-se o aspecto visual dos frutos, a perda de massa fresca, a firmeza de polpa, a acidez total titulável (ATT), os sólidos solúveis totais (STT) e a razão STT/ATT. Após 28 dias de armazenamento, verificou-se que os frutos submetidos à dose de 0,4 kGy apresentaram o melhor aspecto visual, as menores perdas de massa fresca, e a maior firmeza de polpa, não ocorrendo, entretanto, variações significativas nos teores de acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais e nos valores da razão SST/ATT.

Egg storage alters weight of supply and demand organs of broiler chicken embryos

Storage of fertilized eggs for more than 10 d prior to incubation decreases embryonic viability. The hypothesis was tested that embryos may grow differently following egg storage. Eggs from which embryos survived following storage (ST) were compared to eggs from a second line that did not (NOST). Three identical, independent trials were conducted using fertile eggs from both lines at two ages (peak lay and > 53 wk). Eggs were stored for 1 or 14 d prior to setting in the incubator. At 3-d intervals during development, embryos were carefully removed from the eggs, the yolks were excised and carcasses were weighed. Beginning at 12 d of incubation whole body, heart, liver and thigh tissues were weighed to assess allometric growth of supply (heart and liver) and demand (thigh muscle) tissues. Storage of eggs from both lines and from hens of both ages decreased BW differently throughout incubation. Line, Age and Storage interacted to affect embryonic BW and organ weights. Embryo weights were consistently heavier in NOST line eggs from older breeder flocks stored for 14 d than those from ST line eggs. It was concluded that extended storage of fertile eggs prior to setting affects embryonic growth to enhance survival.

Bleaching effect and nonvolatile holographic storage in doubly doped LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystals

The bleaching effect, i.e. the crystal shows that decoloration after it is illuminated by ultraviolet light, has been observed in congruent LiNbO3:Fe:Cu crystals. Based on this bleaching effect, a new technique including the recording phase by two interfering red beams and fixing phase by both UV light and a coherent red beam has been experimentally investigated to realize nonvolatile holographic storage in LiNbO3:Fe:Cu. The results of proof-of-concept experiments confirm that bleaching effect becomes an alternative physical mechanism for nonvolatile holographic stor age with high recording sensitivity and weak light-induced scattering noise.

Stability of herbicides and their degradation products on graphitized carbon black extraction cartridges used for large volumes of surface water

The stability of 18 herbicides (ten organonitrogens and eight phenylureas, including four degradation products), selected for the frequency of their detection in the environment, was evaluated under a variety of storage conditions. Large volumes of s ur- face water (4 L) were extracted using large-particle-size graphitized carbon black cartridges (Carbopack B 60-80 mesh). The effe cts of temperature, matrix type, drying and solvent-washing of cartridges on the recovery of these contaminants, after different stora ge periods, were studied and compared to the conservation of surface water in bottles. After two months, there was no significant di ffer- ence between the conserved surface water and the stored cartridges for the selected compounds. Cartridges kept at -20 °C were be t- ter than those stored at 4 °C and 20 °C. The type of matrix water selected, in this case St. Lawrence surface water, appears to hav e a minor effect on the recovery of the target pesticides after cartridge storage. No improvement was observed in the recovery of a ny of the chemicals when the cartridges were dried or washed and stored in a solvent. After immediate surface-water extraction, the mo st practical storage condition for the target herbicides was found to be storage on cartridges in the dark at - 20 °C, with no solven t dry- ing or washing of the Carbopack B material.

MAGNETIC, MAGNETO-OPTICAL AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EXCHANGED-COUPLED NdTbFeCo/TbFeCo FILMS For 532 NM RECORDING MEDIA

In this work, we have studied the magneto-optical (MO) and the dynamic behavour of exchanged-coupled (EC) layers between the Nd16Tb14Fe52Co18 (at. %) films for the read-out (RO) layers and the Tb22Fe70Co8 (at. %) films for the storage (ST) layers. In the five layered SiNx/NdTbFeCo/TbFeCo/SiNx/Al-Ti films, the Kerr rotation angles (θk) increased compared to those of the four layered films with either a mono-RO or a mono-ST layer at R (thickness ratio of ST to RO)≤3. The coercivity (Hc) significantly increased from 1.19 KOe-2.77 KOe to 2 KOe-5.6 KOe in an entire range of R. This was ascribed to an occurrence of the exchange-coupling between RO and ST layer. Squareness ratio monotonously increased from 0.75 to 1.0 as R increased from 1.5 to 6. The maximum carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the five layered magneto-optical disk enhanced from 36.5 dB to 47.6 dB as R increased from 1.5 to 6. This was attributed to the improved Hc and the enhanced squareness due to the exchange-coupling. The composite of the experimental results suggests that thinner RO layer is favorable to obtain the high MO properties and the improved dynamic characteristics.

Magnetic, magneto-optical and dynamic characteristics of exchanged-coupled NdTbFeCo/TbFeCo films for 532 nm recording media

A magnetic, magneto-optical and structural study was performed on exchanged-coupled (EC) layers between NdTbFeCo and TbFeCo films for 532 nm recording media. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of separate read-out (RO) and storage (ST) films varied from 177 to 269 emu/cm/sup 2/ and from 73 to 87 emu/cm/sup 2/, respectively, in the sputtering power range 0.4 to 0.73 kW, at a fixed Ar gas flow rate. Coercivity (Hc) and Kerr angle (/spl theta//sub k/) of RO were in the range 0.46 kOe to 0.65 kOe and 0.34/spl deg/ to 0.38/spl deg/, respectively, for Ar gas flow rate between 15 to 40 sccm, and no great changes were found in the surface morphologies, as observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hc and squareness rose from 2 kOe to 6 kOe and 0.6 to 0.98 with increasing R from 1.5 to 8, where R is the thickness ratio of NdTbFeCo to TbFeCo (total thickness 200 /spl Aring/, 250 /spl Aring/) in the five layered system SiN/sub x//NdTbFeCo/TbFeCo/SiN/sub x//Al-Ti. The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) increased by about 8 dB, as R was raised from 1.5 to 3. The films were prepared by magnetron rf-dc continuous sputtering. No atomic mixing between NdTbFeCo and TbFeCo layer occurred, as confirmed by TEM cross sectional observations.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Short Sisal Fiber Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Composites

The dynamic mechanical properties of low density polyethylene filled with isocyanate treated and untreated short sisal fiber composites were studied as a function of temperature and frequency. By the incorporation of short sisal fiber into LDPE, the stor age moduli ( E') and loss moduli ( E") increase, whereas the mechanical loss factor decreases. The effects of fiber-matrix adhesion on the viscoelastic properties of the com posites have been studied and it has been found that the increase in adhesion increases the storage modulus. The effects of fiber length, fiber orientation, and fiber loading on the dynamic mechanical properties have also been investigated. In all cases, storage moduli ( E') and loss moduli ( E") decrease with temperature and increase with fiber loading.

PATTERNS OF STORAGE AND FIBROUS ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN SEVERAL SWEETPOTATO CULTIVARS AND THEIR PROGENIES

In 1991 leafless stem cuttings 7 nodes long from 4 maternal parents (`Carver', Carver ii', `TU-1892' and `Georgia-Jet') and their progenies (MP/P) were planted 3 nodes deep in greenhouse benches filled with Jiffy-Mix to determine if any similarity in storage (SR) or fibrous root (FR) patterns could be used to identify high yielding cultivars in a breeding program. The experiment was planted in a complete randomized block design with 7 replications for each treatment and the total number of SR and FR data were collected over a 9 wk period with weekly sampling. The results indicated that SR initiation was a continuos process and took from 5-9 wk before reaching a maximum level for some MP/P. There was a significant inverse relationship between SR and FR numbers, as SR increased FR decreased. SR for most MP/P were initiated at the underground node closest to the soil surface and FR at the lower two nodes. When regression equations were used on the greenhouse data to predict total number of SR that would be produced in a field trial, no significant differences were found between the number of SR initiated in the greenhouse and field trial 80 days after transplanting by some of these MP/P. However, cultivars with the highest number of storage roots in the field trial did not have the highest number of marketable roots or yield and this was probably due to differences among MP/P in the rate of root enlargement.

Similarity of Lectin Histochemistry of a Lysosomal Storage Disease in a New Zealand Lamb to that of Ovine GM1 Gangliosidosis

Similarity of Lectin Histochemistry of a Lysosomal Storage Disease in a New Zealand Lamb to that of Ovine GM₁ Gangliosidosis

Object-oriented data models: a perspective and comparative review

An object-oriented database management system supports complex objects with identity and allows arbitrary connectivity amongst objects The behavioural aspects of ob jects are incorporated into modelling formalisms by associating operations with classes of objects. These features favour data base modelling in application areas such as engineering design, office information systems and knowledge base management systems. This paper reviews the research efforts in the area of object-oriented database modelling. The object-oriented para digm and abstraction mechanisms are briefly discussed. The conceptual schema and data operations in an object-oriented data model are described. Ongoing efforts in creating object- oriented DBMS are classified into three categories. (1) those that are directly based on the object-oriented paradigm; (2) exten sions to relational systems. (3) experimental toolkits (or stor age systems). A review of the salient features of some sample prototype efforts is presented. This is followed by a compan son of these prototype models on the basis of criteria essential to database modelling.

Optimum Design of Variable Composite Flywheel

A composite flywheel is designed using a composite of low density and high strength for the center portion, with constant stress as the design criteria and a constant thickness outer portion using a high density composite attached at the boundary of the constant stress disk. This combination produces the maximum energy density for a flywheel energy stor age system.

Anterior cruciate ligament allograft transplantation. Long-term function, histology, revascularization, and operative technique.

In recent years much effort has been devoted to finding a satisfactory replacement for the injured ACL. None of the reconstruction techniques used in the past can be considered ideal because of their inability to duplicate the complex geometry, structure, and function of the ligament. Current advances in allograft transplantation and cryopreservation have led us to design and implement an experimental model for testing the feasibility of cryopreserved ACL allotransplantation. Groups of dogs were used to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on ligament strength and to compare the relative performance of both autograft and allograft ACL transplants up to 18 months after implantation. The ligaments were examined mechanically, histologically, and microangiographically. The cryopreservation process and duration of storage had no effect on the biomechanical or structural properties of the ligament. The mechanical integrity of the allografts was similar to that of the autografts, with both achieving nearly 90% of control ligament strength by 36 weeks. Revascularization approached normal by 24 weeks in both autograft and allograft. No evidence of structural degradation or immunological reaction was seen. Based on these results, we believe that a cryopreserved ACL allograft can provide the ideal material for ACL reconstruction. We have outlined a surgical technique for harvesting and implanting this graft clinically.

EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST FOLIAR SPRAY OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE ON STORAGE BEHAVIOUR OF POTATO STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

The effect of pre-harvest single foliar application of maleic hydrazide (MH) at four concentrations viz., 0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 per cent at 2, 4 and 6 weeks before. harvest on the storage behaviour of potato cv. Kufri Jyoti was studied upto 150th day of harvest. It was observed that sprouting, sprouted eyes per tube, sprout length, sprouts weight, cumulative PLW and rottage of tubers were low throughout the sto rage, its effect being pronounced with increase in concentration and early application prior to harvest. It lowered the dry matter of tubers, but increased the starch content. and had no significant effect on sugars at 150th day of harvest.

Performance of Ag/RbAg4I5/I2 solid electrolyte batteries after ten years storage

Solid state batteries were designed around the high conductivity solid electrolyte material RbAg4I5, with the polyiodide salts of tetramethylammnium iodide (Me4NI5 and Me4NI9) as cathodes and silver as the anode. Three-volt batteries, comprising five cells were designed into a hermetic package and fabricated for evaluaton. In March of 1983 these batteries completed 10 years of sto rage at temperatures of -15°C and 23°C. Some disproportionation of the solid electrolyte occurred during the low temperature storage with an increase in the resistance of about two orders of magnitude. This resistive degradation of the batteries was found to be reversible.

Studies on the heterogeneity of growth hormone in human pituitary.

The presence of three different growth hormones (GH) in molecular weight, “big big GH”, “big GH” and “little GH”, is reported here. Human pituitary extracts from an acromegalic patient and from a postmortum patient were fractionated into three fractions using gel filtration of Sephadex G-200. The major component of the pituitary GH was observed at the most retarded fraction (“little GH”), which was identical with the highly purified HGH in the elution pattern. The “big GH” was less retarded in the gel filtration and was eluted between the “little GH” and 4S fraction. The small peak of GH with the largest molecular weight (“big big GH”) was eluted between 19S and 7S fractions. The activity of these three GHs in different molecular weights was observed using GH radioimmunoassay. In refiltration of each fraction of normal human pituitary extract, these three components were isolated independently at each filtration. The conversion from “big big GH” to “big GH” or to “little GH” was observed during st orage at 4°C for 7 days and the similar conversion, from “big GH” to “little GH” was also observed in refiltration of “big GH”, however the reverse reaction from “little GH” to “big GH” was not observed. The physiological significance of these hormones of different molecular weights is not clear, but it is suggested that the immunoreactive OH with large molecular weight may be a form of the precursor or polymer.

Research Regarding Physicochemical Changes in Cow Butter During Freezing Storage

SUMMARY Physicochemical characteristics and freshness indic ators of cow butter during freezing storage (-15 - 18 o C) were studied. The content of saturated fatty aci ds was higher (68.35%) than that of unsaturated fatty acids (31.65%). There was an incr ease of titrable acidity during storage, butter hydrolysis was installed after one month under free zing conditions. Results showed that butter is resistant to oxidation, epihidrinic aldehyde was sh own after 9 months of storage in freezing condition s. The content of saturated fatty acids in butter was (68.35%) and that of unsaturated fatty acids (31.65%), major fatty acids present were miristic, palmitic, capric, stearic and oleic acids, as shown in fig.1. Fig.2 shows that in the first 6 months of st orage under freezing there was a slow increase of t he peroxide index, which corresponds to the initiation phase of oxidation, followed by a sharp increase corresponding to propagation phase in which are for med the largest amount of hydroperoxides as primary compounds of oxidation, in the next 3 months the growth was relatively constant because the balance formed between peroxides and secondary compounds, and after 9 months the peroxide index decreased, in this moment Kreis reaction is positiv e indicating epihidrinic aldehyde presence. Fig.1 Fatty acids composition of cow butter Fig.2 Peroxide index variation of frozen b utter Results showed that butter is likely to acid hydrol ysis due to the high water content (16%), and is resistant to oxidation due to low compositio n in unsaturated fatty acids, advanced oxidation wa s installed after 9 months if frozen butter. In froze n butter altering processes take place more slowly than in that stored under refrigeration. Hydrolysis process is installed more quickly in terms of refrigeration and freezing than oxidative processes , being intensified by a higher water content in product and by hydrolytic enzymes presence.

Electron Positron Storage Rings: Status and Present Limitations

A review of the current status of electron and positron storage rings is presented. The experimental results on beam instabilities, their consequences on the design of a high current sto rage ring and the technological problems involved are discussed.

Reliability of a system in which spare parts deteriorate in storage

Tile proble m. considered is t hat of determining the failure statistics for a syste m cons isting of a singl e p ar t a nd n spares, in which i t is assumed t hat t hat failure occurs at different rates in use a nd in stor age. The r es ul tin g equations can be solved explicitly when both ty pes of failures follow a Poisson la w. Otherwise algorithms are given for t he calcu lation of t he failur e p ro babili t ies .