Type Of Storage Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF FURNITURE DESIGN FOR GROWING CHILDREN BASED ON PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN

The aim of this study is to determine the design needs and methods of children's furniture for growth from the perspective of children's physiology. Due to the current advocacy of sustainable design concepts, new structures and accessories can also meet the requirements of children's furniture design. At this stage, research on the design of growthable children's furniture is very important and timely. The study used the analysis of literature sources on the design of furniture, Comparative research method. Case analysis method, structural-functional analysis, synthesis of research results, etc. are used. Analyzing the design elements of growable furniture from the perspective of children's physiology, the types of furniture that can grow children are divided into three categories: children's desks and chairs, children's beds, and children's storage furniture. According to the requirements of children's human-machine ratio, it is determined that the height of children's desks and chairs can be adjusted, and the angle between the desktop and the back of the children's chair can also be adjusted. From an ergonomic point of view, these requirements are determined based on the child's height, weight and developmental characteristics. It is determined that through the standardized design, the children's bed can be disassembled or installed, the height of the bed can be changed, and the combination of the bed and other functions can also be satisfied. Determine the category of children's storage type furniture storage items, classify according to different items, and put forward requirements for the storage of different types of items. We explore the impact of children's physiological changes on children's furniture, meet the requirements of children of different ages for the use of furniture, at the same time, provide specific design ideas. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application for designers and manufacturers in the design of children furniture.

Optimal design of micro pumped-storage plants in the heart of a city

Growth in renewable energy generation leads to an urgent need of expanding energy storage capacity. While large pumped hydro storage remains the most established and prevalent energy storage method, there is potential for evaluating its applicability on a micro scale in urban areas. This study develops a multi-objective optimisation model in Python to assess the feasibility of micro pumped-storage (MPS) for high-rise buildings up to 300 m in height, considering different future energy market conditions. The findings indicate that increasing electricity tariff values lead to improved solutions from both environmental and financial perspectives across all building heights. However, for buildings 50 m or less, the MPS is currently considered economically unviable. In a world first, this study examines the techno-economic viability of MPS systems as a function of building height and different water storage types, including modular tanks, multilayer green roofs, blue roofs, and nearby streams. The MPS system using modular tanks and nearby streams boasts the shortest payback period (4.8 years) and Net Present Value of A$ 600 k over the MPS lifetime. The study provides insights into feasible flow rates and storage sizes. The findings are valuable for designers, helping them decide if MPS is feasible based on the building's height and features.

Analysis of a hybrid heat and underwater compressed air energy storage system used at coastal areas

Offshore wind power has achieved a storage interest in recent years due to the advantages such as high wind speed, constant wind direction, rich wind energy resources and sufficient annual utilization hours. It has been widely recognized that the underwater compressed air energy storage is one of the most competitive technologies to be integrated into the offshore wind farms. However, the economics of the underwater gas storage device is the main obstacle when this type of energy storage is arranged in shallow-water areas. A hybrid heat and underwater compressed air energy storage system is thus suggested to be integrated with the fluctuating renewable energies. This necessitates the use of electrically heated solid thermal energy storage to provide greater flexibility. Both the system thermodynamics and economics are examined under the premise of constant or varying power input. Results demonstrate that the system behavior is strongly dependent on the water depth at 0–100 m. The combined efficiency and net present value are 44.4% and 67.41 million dollars for a 10 MW hybrid energy storage system as the water depth is 100 m, while they are 29.9% and 40.39 million dollars for the standalone system. The system integrating with the solid thermal energy storage is verified to be a much more valuable technology to manage offshore renewable powers. Furthermore, it indicates that the underwater pipe with a larger diameter is favorable to improve system performance.

Collaborative Disturbance Rejection Voltage Control Technology for Distribution Stations under Distributed Resource Coordination

In order to improve the stability of the voltage in the distribution system, a distributed resource coordination-based coordinated anti-interference voltage control technology for distribution stations is proposed. The study analyzes the anti-interference capabilities of different types of renewable energy, energy storage, electric vehicles, and control distributed photovoltaic grid-connected inverters based on the analysis results. The objective function and constraints of voltage control are set. Voltage control is performed by adjusting the photovoltaic inverter and reactive power compensation device. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve stable control of system voltage under both photovoltaic output fluctuations and load fluctuations, indicating that its control effect is good.

A review on Energy Storage Systems

The urgent need to address global warming and the energy crisis, caused by dependence on fossil fuels, has led to enhanced research for sustainable energy sources. The adoption of renewable energy alternatives has been swift, but the intermittent nature of these sources makes consistent power production challenging. To address this, various techniques are used to store energy from renewable sources, which can then be used in a controlled manner to meet rising energy demands while reducing global CO2 emissions. This article analyzes the state of the art of energy storage technologies, focusing on their characteristics, classifications, applications, comparisons, and limitations. The study also includes recent research on new energy storage types, as well as significant advances and developments.

Optimal allocation of hybrid energy storage capacity of DC microgrid based on model predictive control algorithm

To effectively enhance the safety, stability, and economic operation capability of DC microgrids, an optimized control strategy for DC microgrid hybrid energy storage system (HESS)(The abbreviation table is shown in Table 2) based on model predictive control theory is proposed. Based on the characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries, system safety requirements, and various constraints, a predictive model for a hybrid energy storage DC microgrid is established. By defining its optimization indicators, designing an energy optimization management strategy, and transforming it into a quadratic programming problem for solution, the reasonable scheduling of power in the DC microgrid has been achieved. In addition, a power control method was proposed for the system without constraints. The simulation experiment results show that at the initial sampling time, the system operates normally, and the MPC algorithm allocates two types of energy storage devices to discharge to meet the net load demand, without absorbing electricity from the external network. At the 30th sampling point, the net load increases, and the MPC controller obtains the optimal solution of the control problem based on the known net load prediction data at the previous sampling time. It outputs the operating reference values of each output unit at the next time. Starting from the 100th to 199th sampling points, SOC UC falls below the lower limit of the safety interval, and the system enters situation 4 mode. The external network output assists the battery in working. At the 131st sampling point, the net load decreases, the system enters Situation 3 mode, and the battery operates independently. Until the 179th point, SOC B was also below the lower limit of its safety interval, and the system entered situation 5 mode, completely maintaining system power balance by external network power. Starting from point 201, the net load becomes negative, and the system charges the HESS according to instructions and stops the external power grid energy transmission. Conclusion: The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization management strategy have been verified.

A multicriteria modeling approach for evaluating power generation scenarios under uncertainty: The case of green hydrogen in Greece

Clean energy technological innovations are widely acknowledged as a prerequisite to achieving ambitious long-term energy and climate targets. However, the optimal speed of their adoption has been parsimoniously studied in the literature. This study seeks to identify the optimal intensity of moving to a green hydrogen electricity sector in Greece, using the OSeMOSYS energy modeling framework. Green hydrogen policies are evaluated, first, on the basis of their robustness against uncertainty and, afterwards, against conflicting performance criteria and for different decision-making profiles towards risk, by applying the VIKOR and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision aid methods. Although our analysis focuses exclusively on the power sector and compares different rates of hydrogen penetration compared to a business-as-usual case without considering other game-changing innovations (such as other types of storage or carbon capture and storage), we find that a national transition to a green hydrogen economy can support Greece in potentially cutting at least 16 MtCO2 while stimulating investments of EUR 10–13 bn. over 2030–2050.

Dynamic economic evaluation of hundred megawatt-scale electrochemical energy storage for auxiliary peak shaving

With the rapid development of wind power, the pressure on peak regulation of the power grid is increased. Electrochemical energy storage is used on a large scale because of its high efficiency and good peak shaving and valley filling ability. The economic benefit evaluation of participating in power system auxiliary services has become the focus of attention since the development of grid-connected hundred megawatt-scale electrochemical energy storage systems (ESS). Based on the relationship between power and capacity in the process of peak shaving and valley filling, a dynamic economic benefit evaluation model of peak shaving assisted by hundred megawatt-scale electrochemical ESS considering the equivalent life of the battery is proposed. The model considers the investment cost of energy storage, power efficiency, and operation and maintenance costs, and analyzes the dynamic economic benefits of different energy storage technologies participating in the whole life cycle of the power grid. Then, according to the current ESS market environment, the auxiliary service compensation price, peak-valley price difference and energy storage cost unit price required to make the energy storage technology achieve the balance of payments are calculated, and the economic balance points of different energy storage types are clarified. Finally, based on the measured data of different provincial power grids, the economies of six energy storage types applied to three provincial power grids are compared and analyzed, and the rationality and effectiveness of the relevant models proposed are verified. The work has theoretical guiding significance for the economic benefit evaluation of hundred megawatt-scale electrochemical energy storage.

Water storages in Tana-Beles sub-basin of Ethiopia: what do we know, and where should we go?

The Tana-Beles sub-basin, a strategic economic growth corridor in Ethiopia, relies on water storage to provide a suite of key services to agriculture, drinking water supply, energy, and ecosystems. While there are a range of storage options (e.g., from large dams to subsurface aquifers) that can be utilized to provide these services, a systematic stock-take of literature on water storage in the Tana-Beles has not been undertaken. This knowledge gap constrains the identification of the relative contribution of different storage types in the Tana-Beles. Accordingly, in this study, we conducted a systematic review of literature on the surface and sub-surface storages to examine key issues of the different storage types and their linkages in the Tana-Beles sub-basin. Peer-reviewed and grey publications from various databases were considered for the systematic review. The results indicate that literature in the Tana-Beles sub-basin is more focused on natural storage like wetlands and Lake Tana than built storage types like human-made reservoirs. Overall, the analysis revealed three key points. First, storage volume and water quality in those storages are declining. Second, the causal factors for storage loss and water quality deterioration are agricultural expansion, land degradation, sedimentation, and increasing water withdrawals. Third, the storage gap will increase because of climate change, population, and economic growth while current management options are fragmented. Therefore, the need for more integrated nexus approaches is paramount to optimize storage resources in water, food, energy, and ecosystems in light of population-driven growth in demand and the ongoing global climate crisis.

Evaluation of Building Mass Characterization for Energy Flexibility through Rule- and Schedule-Based Control: A Statistical Approach

As renewables become more established in the electricity grid, the focus, and therefore adaptability, will need to shift from the generation side to the demand side. Since the building sector accounts for a large share of the energy demand, it will be strongly affected by this development. One possibility for adaptation is so-called demand side management (DSM). To assess the contribution of the building sector to energy flexibility, some key performance indicators (KPIs) have already been developed in previous work. In this study, we investigate and statistically compare two control strategies for temporarily raising the room temperature—one rule-based and one schedule-based—with regard to their influence on the characterization of the building mass as a type of thermal energy storage. In each case, we determine the thermal energy demand of a residential district based on a dynamic simulation that occurred for a period of one year. The rule-based control assigns in the median approximately 60% (mean: 41%) less capacity to the building mass than the schedule-based control for the same boundary conditions. The calculation of the time-independent heating load results in a median difference of 34% (mean: 36%). In addition, the establishment of energy-flexible control in the evening hours just before a night-time reduction in the room temperature has a negative impact on the efficiency of the thermal storage.

Capacity Configuration of Hybrid Energy Storage Power Stations Participating in Power Grid Frequency Modulation

To leverage the efficacy of different types of energy storage in improving the frequency of the power grid in the frequency regulation of the power system, we scrutinized the capacity allocation of hybrid energy storage power stations when participating in the frequency regulation of the power grid. Using MATLAB/Simulink, we established a regional model of a primary frequency regulation system with hybrid energy storage, with which we could obtain the target power required by the system when continuous load disturbance of the regional power grid causes frequency fluctuation. To optimize the variational mode decomposition, we proposed a capacity allocation method of hybrid energy storage power station based on the northern goshawk optimization algorithm based on the target power. Then, we adopted the northern goshawk optimization algorithm to optimize the number of modal decomposition and penalty factors of variational mode decomposition, avoiding subjectivity. The algorithm decomposition generated the number of modes, and we used the mode numbers to reconstruct the power components in various schemes. The power modal components were allocated to different types of energy storage systems according to the frequencies, namely, high, medium, and low, during which process the power and capacity of each type of energy storage were determined. The results show that the selection of a reasonable scheme can minimize the capacity allocation cost of a regional grid hybrid energy storage power station. Taking the 250 MW regional power grid as an example, a regional frequency regulation model was established, and the frequency regulation simulation and hybrid energy storage power station capacity configuration were carried out on the regional power grid disturbed by continuous load, verifying the rationality of the proposed capacity allocation method and providing certain reference significance for the capacity configuration of a hybrid energy storage power station.

Empowering Storage Systems Research with NVMeVirt: A Comprehensive NVMe Device Emulator

There have been drastic changes in the storage device landscape recently. At the center of the diverse storage landscape lies the NVMe interface, which allows high-performance and flexible communication models required by these next-generation device types. However, its hardware-oriented definition and specification are bottlenecking the development and evaluation cycle for new revolutionary storage devices. Furthermore, existing emulators lack the capability to support the advanced storage configurations that are currently in the spotlight. In this paper, we present NVMeVirt, a novel approach to facilitate software-defined NVMe devices. A user can define any NVMe device type with custom features, and NVMeVirt allows it to bridge the gap between the host I/O stack and the virtual NVMe device in software. We demonstrate the advantages and features of NVMeVirt by realizing various storage types and configurations, such as conventional SSDs, low-latency high-bandwidth NVM SSDs, zoned namespace SSDs, and key-value SSDs with the support of PCI peer-to-peer DMA and NVMe-oF target offloading. We also make cases for storage research with NVMeVirt, such as studying the performance characteristics of database engines and extending the NVMe specification for the improved key-value SSD performance.

Optimal planning method of multi-energy storage systems based on the power response analysis in the integrated energy system

The application of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) in establishing low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy supply systems has gained significant attention in recent years. However, as an energy stability link in IES, there is a lack of mature theoretical methods for energy allocation and optimal planning in the current multi-energy storage system (MESS) research. Hence, this paper proposes a method for configuring the capacity and selecting storage types in MESS within the IES. By considering the power response characteristics of different storage media, a combined ESMD-MPSO model is established that aims to enhance the economy and extend the service life of MESS. The model could allocate the power to the energy storage devices based on their power response capabilities and economic evaluation. Additionally, MESS application scenarios in both islanded and grid-connected IES are established. Highly adaptable energy storage devices are selected using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method, resulting in four different multi-energy storage schemes for analysis. The results demonstrate that the method enables the determination of cost-optimal energy storage combination and capacity configuration for both scenarios. Furthermore, compared to existing methods, the approach achieves a 22.1 % and 9.6 % improvement in annual average costs for the two scenarios. This research could provide guidance for the planning and development of multi-energy storage systems within the IES.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS ENERGY STORAGES

Research relevance This article presents a mathematical solution to the issue of a comparative analysis of various types of energy storage devices and determining the most efficient type of energy storage device for use on an industrial scale. The subject of the study in the article is the most important parameters of seven types of energy storages, the use of which is spreading in the world. The purpose of the work is to obtain an answer to the following question: which of the ubiquitous different types of energy storages is most likely to be the most efficient for the future industrial energy supply? The following tasks are solved in the article: 1) generalization of the collected data; 2) analysis (evaluation) of data using mathematical methods of data analysis. The following research methods are used: comparison, abstraction, axiomatic, analysis, synthesis, formalization and induction. The following results were obtained: among the analyzed energy storages, the best result was shown by a mechanical potential (gravitational) energy storage. Conclusions: If it is planned to use energy storages on an industrial scale in various fields, it should be recognized as expedient to give preference to gravitational devices.

Optimal operation of smart energy hub considering high-temperature heat and power storage

Due to the impacts of high intermittent renewable resources, increasing their penetration in the generation sector of energy systems is still challenging. In this regard, the integration of different energy networks can play a key role in dealing with this challenge. This paper focuses on the analysis and optimization of multi-generation energy storage (MGES) system’s performance and investigates the role of this type of energy storage in the operation of future smart energy systems by considering 100% green energy goals. Hence, this paper first introduces high-temperature heat and power storage (HTHPS) system, as a novel MGES unit, for a local integrated energy system (IES) with different energy carriers. Then, a novel optimal energy scheduling scheme for this system is presented by considering the energy hub concept. The proposed IES is introduced as a Smart Energy Hub (SEH) which supplies local energy demands through local renewable resources generation, as well as upstream energy networks, by considering a competitive energy market. Finally, the performance of the proposed SEH is investigated by simulating different case studies and its effectiveness is proved in increasing the renewable generation penetration.

Using Particle Swarm Optimization for Power System Stabilizer and energy storage in the SMIB system under load shedding conditions

Generator instability, which manifests as oscillations in frequency and rotor angle, is brought on by sudden disruptions in the power supply. Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Energy Storage are additional controllers that enhance generator stability. Energy storage types include superconducting magnetic (SMES) and capacitive (CES) storage. If the correct settings are employed, PSS, SMES, and CES coordination can boost system performance. It is necessary to use accurate and effective PSS, SMES, and CES tuning techniques. Artificial intelligence techniques can replace traditional trial-and-error tuning techniques and assist in adjusting controller parameters. According to this study, the PSS, SMES, and CES parameters can be optimized using a method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). Based on the investigation's findings, PSO executes quick and accurate calculations in the fifth iteration with a fitness function value of 0.007813. The PSO aims to reduce the integral time absolute error (ITAE). With the addition of a load-shedding instance, the case study utilized the Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) technology. The frequency response and rotor angle of the SMIB system are shown via time domain simulation. The analysis's findings demonstrate that the controller combination can offer stability, reducing overshoot oscillations and enabling quick settling times.

Mechanism that determines the economics of 100% renewable power systems

Many studies have evaluated the economic feasibility of 100% renewable power systems using the optimization approach, but the mechanisms determining the results remain unclear, making this issue still debatable. This study presents a mathematical formulation of the mechanism that only the demand and power generation profiles determine the optimal capacities of generation and storage and their trade-off relationship. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the comprehensive quantification of the corresponding relationships among the factor cost of technologies, their optimal capacities, and total system cost. Based on these findings, the study also shows that hybrid systems comprising multiple renewable energy sources and different types of storage, including long-duration energy storage, are critical to reducing the total system cost by using actual profile data for multiple years and regions in Japan. This suggests that large-scale deployment of current-level power-to-gas technologies, such as water electrolysis, can contribute to the economics of 100% renewable power systems.

On the application of novel arc-shaped fins in a shell-and-tube type of latent heat storage for energy charge enhancement

Due to their amazing energy savings, the uniform nature of their operating temperature, and their fairly low cost, phase-change materials (PCMs) offer great potential to be employed for managing the mismatch between the energy supply and demand. The crucial challenge in the design of functional PCM systems remains the proper selection of thermal enhancers to overcome the limitations imposed by their low thermal response rates. This study quantifies the advantage of utilizing arc-shaped fins as an efficient thermal enhancer to modify the thermal functionality of PCM in a shell-and-tube storage system. As a direct consequence of their curved shapes, this fin layout would affect to a small degree the functionality of natural convection but significantly aid the enhancement of the overall heat transfer during the melting mode. Therefore, a number of parametric studies were conducted to compare the effectiveness of the different arc-shaped fin arrays while utilizing the same heat contact area under the same operating conditions. The goal was to modify the dimensions, orientation, and position of this fin configuration for different thermofluidic conditions to achieve the best enhancement results. The results reveal that increasing the length of the fin base from 5 mm to 15 mm results in a melting time saving of 58.3 % and an improved heat storage rate of 127.5 %. Further improvement in the heat storage rate by 15.4 % and 14.0 % would be achieved by increasing the joining angle between the top fins from 0° to 30° and the joining angle between the bottom fins from 0° to 60°, respectively.

A pinning structure via composing laminar rGO with fragmented MoS2 toward fast and stable sodium and lithium-ion storage

The diffusion of lithium ions and sodium ions in the anode materials is the main factor limiting the fast-charging performance of lithium and sodium-ion batteries. Due to the slow diffusion kinetics, taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, lithium ions and electrons accumulate locally in and on the surface of anode materials, especially in the process of fast-charging, resulting in uneven lithiation reaction and enormous transient stress, which leads to poor fast-charging performance. In this work, from the aspect of solving the ion diffusion rate, a capacitive type of energy storage is introduced by designing MoS2/rGO composite materials with pinned structures as fast-charging and stable anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. Combining the high ion conductivity and structural rigidity of the rGO conductive network with a few-layer MoS2 provides a high ion diffusion rate and capacity. As expected, it can charge to 69 % in 25 min and 44 % in 3.2 min, respectively, providing a high capacity of 214.2 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and a high-capacity retention of 85.31 % after 1, 000 cycles at the current density of 3 A g−1 in sodium-ion batteries. Similarly, the high reversible capacity of 910.5 mAh g−1 is achieved in the lithium-ion batteries, and there is almost no capacity loss after 1, 000 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g−1. This work may provide a reference for designing more fast-charging anode materials with high capacity.

Research on Control Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System Participating in Primary Frequency Regulation of Power Grid

With the ongoing development of China’s power system, there is a gradual increase in the proportion of new energy power generation. However, the randomness and volatility associated with new energy power generation can lead to increased frequency fluctuations in the power grid, posing a significant challenge to power system frequency regulation. In this paper, we investigate the control strategy of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that participates in the primary frequency modulation of the system. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various types of new energy storage from both technical and economic perspectives and perform an applicability analysis system to select lithium batteries and supercapacitor energy storage for forming a HESS. We propose a virtual droop control strategy to regulate the output of the HESS in the primary frequency regulation of the system. Finally, we build a simulation model that includes the HESS and power grid on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform and conduct a simulation analysis. The results show that the proposed strategy is superior and effective in controlling the HESS’s output when participating in the primary frequency modulation of the system.