Storage Racks Research Articles

A performance model for mobile robot-based part feeding systems to supermarkets

In a context where companies are striving to produce highly customised goods in small batches and within short lead times, increasing attention is being put on the design and management of part feeding systems. This research is the first to model automated part feeding to supermarkets in a factory environment, considering an innovative technology called vertical robotic storage and retrieval systems. This technology allows automating the storage, picking, and internal transportation activities in an integrated process, thanks to rack-climbing robots roaming in both the shop floor and the storage racks. We develop an analytical model based on the queuing network approach to analyse the system performance, and we use it to perform numerical experiments and to evaluate the design trade-offs with reference to a real case in the automotive industry. Results show that an increase in the number of robots leads to better performance since the positive impact on the response time is stronger than the negative impact on the waiting times of robots at the supermarkets due to congestion. Furthermore, a configuration with multiple small supermarkets improves the efficiency of the replenishment process, compared to a setting with few big supermarkets.

Development of Viscoelastic Damper System to Improve Seismic Performance of Storage Racks

Storage racks are nonstructural components mainly designed to support the vertical load of goods. During strong external loads such as an earthquake, which acts in the lateral direction of the racks, stored goods become structurally vulnerable. To identify and reinforce the vulnerable parts of storage racks and improve their seismic performance, we developed a viscoelastic damper system with a capacity designed for storage racks. First, we performed an experiment to analyze the behavioral characteristics of a pallet rack — a representative storage rack used for large goods — under vibration. Based on the results of the experiment, we chose the members of storage racks that were vulnerable to vibration. For the proper seismic reinforcement of vulnerable members, we developed a viscoelastic damping system for storage racks by calculating the structural shear force on each floor of the rack and the capacity of the damper to distribute the shear force. First, three viscoelastic dampers of different capacities were fabricated using a viscoelastic material and subjected to cyclic loading tests to evaluate their mechanical performance. We determined the position on which the damper should be placed to improve the rack’s seismic performance by considering the shear force on each floor of the storage rack and its operational characteristics. Finally, we conducted a shaking table test to verify the new viscoelastic damper system. The system improves the seismic performance of storage racks by controlling their elastic and permanent deformations.

Frame analysis and design of industrial rack structures with perforated cold-formed steel columns

Thin-walled perforated singly symmetric open-section columns and braces are commonly used in industrial storage rack structures. They are difficult to analyze accurately because the shear center and centroid do not coincide and the complex buckling modes are involved. This paper explores the application of the newly extended MASTAN2-v5 program to analyze rack frames, using the advanced line-finite element formulations that capture the global buckling modes. Modeling of perforations on the columns is explored, and the refined buckling strength equations are proposed for considering local and distortional buckling. Finally, validation examples and case studies for multistory pallet racks are given.

THE ALGORITHM OF GOOD PLACEMENT ON THE SHELF BY CONSIDERING THE WEIGHT AND VOLUME OF THE GOODS TO THE CENTRE OF MASS

This study aims to develop an algorithm for placing goods on warehouse shelves. The process of placing goods in a warehouse is generally placed or arranged in a rack. Placement of goods must be correct to achieve space efficiency and high shelf utilization while maintaining balance on the storage shelf. The placement of items that have various volumes and weights must consider their placement position on the storage rack. Placing goods carelessly and only consider the shelf utilization rate will cause an imbalance. Shelf imbalance will accelerate the damage to storage racks, as well as the risk of collapsing shelves. Best placement of goods, in order to achieve shelf utilization and maintain shelf balance, must consider the weight and volume of goods placed against the total center mass of the rack. The procedure for placing goods on the shelf by considering the total center of mass was developed from research on warehouse layout. The procedure for placing goods in warehouse layout research is carried out on a two-dimensional plane (x-axis and y-axis). Whereas in this study, the placement of goods was carried out by considering the location of the goods in a three-dimensional plane (x, y and z axes). The placement algorithm is designed to place goods with various size (volume and weight) on multi-layer racks (with assumption each layer has same load capacity). This research produces two placing algorithms. The first algorithm focuses on the weight and volume of goods, so the pallets containing with largest volume and weight goods are arranged first and placed on the lowest layer. The second algorithm focuses on the weight of the goods, the pallets containing the heaviest goods will be arranged first on the lowest layer. Both algorithms are simulated using numerical data. The algorithm that focuses on weight (the second algorithm) has a better mass center than the algorithm that focuses on the weight and volume of goods (the first algorithm).

APLIKASI RETENSI REKAM MEDIS MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT ACCESS

Medical record retention is a system that regulates the storage period for medical record files. Medical records officers are also involved in destroying medical records including in the retention process. The slow retention process resulted in a large number of medical record files piling up in storage racks so that the medical record space became narrow. Developing medical record retention applications using Microsoft Access. This research method is carried out by conducting a Literature Review with the Literature Study method. The data sources in this study were 3 journals by looking at the inclusion and exclusion categories. Analyze data in terms of similarities, inequalities, views, compare and summaries. The results of 3 literature study journals are medical record retention applications made with web-based methods and web-based imaging. The system design uses Flowmap, DFD (Data Flow Diagram) and ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) and is implemented with the Microsoft Visual Basic.Net programming language and Microsoft Access as a DBMS (Database Management System). The medical record retention application is very helpful for officers in separating active and inactive medical record files, which are equipped with menus according to user needs. It is hoped that the next researchers on several related articles, further research is needed on designing applications using table data with server side processing.

Tinjauan Pelaksanaan Sistem Penyimpanan Rekam Medis Berdasarkan Standar Akreditasi Di UPTD Puskesmas Kotanopan Mandailing Natal

Storage of medical records is one of the assessments in puskesmas accreditation standards. The medical record file storage system is very important to do in health care institutions, because the storage system can make it easier for medical record files to be stored in storage racks, speed up the recovery or retrieval of medical record files stored on storage racks, easy to return, and protect record files. from theft, physical, chemical and biological damage. The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of a medical record storage system based on puskesmas accreditation standards, which was carried out in August 2020. The research method used was descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The number of research informants was 4 people. Storage of medical records had not used tracers and expedition book as a means of replacing medical record files and notes in and out of borrowed medical record files. Meanwhile, tracer and expedition books can assist officers in searching for missing / out of place medical record files. This can hamper the provision of patient medical record files that are needed. It is hoped that the UPTD Puskesmas Kotanopan will provide regular training or debriefing to medical record officers

Dampak Penumpukan Dokumen Rekam Medis Terhadap Waktu Pengambilan Dokumen Rekam Medis Di RSU Sinar Husni Medan

The filling system is one of the administrators of medical records which is responsible for orderly administration in an effort to improve health services in hospitals. Accumulation of medical record documents will affect of work of officers in the filling section. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the bildup of medical records documents on the time of taking medical record documents at Sinar Husni Hospital. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The population is all filling officers at the Sinar Husni Hospital and all patient medical records calculated on average in the third quarter of 2020, counted 719 documents. The samples in this study were 2 filling officers at the Sinar Husni Hospital and part of the medical record documents totaling 86 medical record documents that were taken incidentally. The instrument used was an interview guide. The measurement of time to take medical record documents uses a stopwatch. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the accumulation of medical record documents had an impact on the time to take medical record documents at the Sinar Husni Hospital, because the officers had difficulty carrying out filling activities because the access between shelves was narrower and the documents piled on the floor were not properly aligned, with an average of 10.05 minute. We recommend to add more storage space and shelves so that medical record documents that are stacked on the floor can be moved to the storage racks.

Phosphor thermometry for nuclear decommissioning and waste storage

Reliable surface thermometry of stored nuclear waste containers is essential for both health monitoring and corrosion modelling. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of using phosphor thermometry for long-term temperature monitoring of nuclear waste containers and storage racks. Two strands of research were conducted. Firstly, two thermographic phosphors (ruby and manganese-doped magnesium fluorogermanate [MFG]), mixed with six different binders were coated onto stainless steel (316L) substrates and exposed for one month to gamma radiation (γ-ray) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Secondly, a hybrid fibre-optic phosphor thermometer, capable of measuring these samples, was constructed and tested. The instrument can measure temperatures using both the luminescence decay time and intensity ratio techniques. Following γ-ray and NaOH exposure, no significant degradation in phosphor appearance or performance was observed. The MFG/silicone binder combination gave the best results. The hybrid phosphor thermometer demonstrated for MFG/silicone binder that:•the intensity ratio technique gave the lowest measurement standard deviation (σ(T) < 0.1 °C) but suffered minor drift with thermal cycling.•the decay time technique (650 nm emission) did not show any drift and was capable of a measurement standard deviation of σ(T) ≤ 0.3 °C.

Shake Table Testing of Standard Cold-Formed Steel Storage Rack

Full-scale shake table investigations are strongly required to understand the actual performance of storage racks and to improve the rack design guidelines. This paper presents the results of full-scale shake table tests on New Zealand standard storage rack frames with two-bay and two-level to determine the dynamic characteristics of a standard rack structure and to measure the damping of the system. The experimental program was conducted in three phases. First, the identification parameters including the natural frequency and damping of the system were determined through a series of preliminary tests. Then, shake table tests were performed to capture the inelastic response of rack frames under low to medium intensities of El-Centro ground motion. Finally, the shake-table tests were repeated with scaling down the time domain and broader ranges of ground motion intensities to consider the performance of taller rack systems. In addition, a comprehensive discussion on the damping of the system is also provided based on the test results. The performance of the rack frame is described through an extensive set of measurements, including rack displacement, pallet sliding, the acceleration of a concrete block and rack frame and the damping of the system in the down-aisle direction. The results indicate that the standard rack frames are able to endure large inelastic deformations without loss of stability.

Review of the Implementation of Minimum Service Standards (SPM) Provision of Outpatient Medical Record Documents for Dr. Panti Wilasa Hospital Cipto Semarang

Background: Minimum Service Standards have set up at Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang that the standard time of outpatient services is 10 minutes which is calculated from the registration process. From the data obtained by the researcher from the assignment in carrying out the Minimal Standard of Service in serving the outpatients has been fully implemented. However, there are still healthcare service workers who do not understand the Minimum Service Standards when interviewing healthcare service officers in the Outpatient Registration Place section.Methods: This type of research is descriptive research that gives an overview of the data as a result of research. The method used is interviewing the outpatient registration officer and filing. Sampling technique in this study using random sampling data with a sample size of 30 person.Results: There is no specific Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) regarding the provision of outpatient medical records which were interviewed to the head of the medical records, which is already quite a good service at the outpatient registration place Dr. Panti Wilasa Hospital Cipto Semarang and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in outpatient registration conducted interviews with the head of the medical record at Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang. Results of the study showed that the average rapidity in medical record document provision was 31 minutes 20 seconds. At the Wilasa Panti Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang, that the time for providing more medical records is more than ten minutes.Conclusions: The standard time for providing medical records is included in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the collection and compilation of medical records on a storage rack, so that medical records officers can work on the basis and rules that have been determined and the standard time for providing medical records is included in the quality objectives, The results are announced and written in a place easily seen by officers, Monitoring active medical record storage racks regularly by medical records officers and this can reduce the wrong medical record documents.

Numerical Study on Seismic Response of Steel Storage Racks with Roller Type Isolator

This research evaluates the effectiveness of using a roller-type base isolation device with tensile strength in reducing the dynamic response of industrial steel storage racks. These were subjected to a seismic input acting separately in both directions of the structure. The seismic record obtained from the earthquake that occurred in Llolleo, Chile, on 3 March 1985, was used as input. This earthquake was scaled in the frequency domain, adjusting its response spectrum to coincide with the design spectrum required by NCh2745. In the calculations of this spectrum, the most hazardous seismic zone (zone 3) and soft soil (soil III) that amplifies the effect of the low frequencies of the earthquake were considered. These frequencies are the ones that have the most affect on flexible structures such as high racks and systems with base isolation. Numerical time-history analyses were performed in fixed base racks and base isolation racks. In both cases, the models include semi-rigid connections with capacity for plastic deformation and energy dissipation. Parametric analyses were carried out considering the most relevant variables, using an algorithm programmed in MATLAB software. The maximum relative displacement, maximum basal shear load, and maximum absolute floor acceleration were considered as responses of interest. The results showed the effectiveness of using the base isolation device by reducing the absolute accelerations between approximately 75% and 90%, compared to the same fixed rack at its base. This makes it possible to reduce the vulnerability of the stored load to overturn under the action of a severe earthquake.

INTRODUCING BURNUP CREDIT FOR EXPANSION STAGE 2 OF THE EXTERNAL SPENT FUEL POOL AT GÖSGEN NPP

We present a summary of the actinide-plus-fission-product burnup credit criticality safety licensing analysis for Expansion Stage 2 (ES2) of the external spent fuel pool at Gösgen nuclear power plant. In ES2, the nine Expansion Stage 1 storage racks currently installed in the external spent fuel pool are going to be supplemented by nine ES2 storage racks with a significantly reduced fuel assembly pitch. They are designed for loadings with fuel assemblies above a well-defined minimum required burnup. The objective of the criticality safety analysis is to calculate the minimum required burnup values for the uranium and MOX fuel assemblies to be stored in the ES2 storage racks. We use a methodology that allows us to take into account the reactivity effects due to variabilities and uncertainties of all relevant parameters involved in a burnup credit criticality safety assessment in a bounding manner. These include manufacturing tolerances of the fuel assemblies and storage racks, the irradiation histories and burnup profiles of the spent fuel assemblies, the bias of the depletion code used to calculate the isotopic inventories of the irradiated fuel, and the bias of the criticality code used to calculate the neutron multiplication factor of the considered storage configuration. A combination of different statistical procedures is used to evaluate and propagate the uncertainty information on the input parameters and translate it into statistical confidence statements about the neutron multiplication factor. It should be noted that the presented analysis is related to the first implementation of a significant burnup credit for wet storage of PWR fuel in Switzerland.

PROPOSAL OF SPECIFIC MEASURES IN THE CONTEXT OF STREAMLINING OPERATING COSTS IN A SELECTED COMPANY

The aim of this research is to propose particular measures aimed at streamlining costs in terms of operations in a selected company. A specific proposal is based on the concept related to using services of the transport databank. As at least two out of five major carriers of the investigated company resell shipments to other carriers on such portals, the company could reduce the transport costs by entering shipments into the transport databank on its own. One out of three selected providers will be chosen using multi-criteria evaluation methods, specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (hereinafter referred to as AHP) and the Base-criterion method. Determination of the weights of criteria will be carried out using the Saaty method of quantitative pair wise comparison and the Fuller pair wise comparison method. In this paper, the presented methods are applied for the example of a specific company specialized in the manufacture of metal storage racks and steel structures. In the Czech Republic, the company employs 65 employees in production, storage and administration. Based on the analytical evaluation of the current situation of the company, relevant measures will be proposed with a required effect on the effectiveness of such an enterprise.

Household intelligent storage wardrobe based on the principle of Huarong Road

A new type of intelligent wardrobe is proposed based on the application of home daily life. Through mechanism combination innovation and electric control, the device realizes the design of imitating Huarong lane of wardrobe, and realizes the intelligent access of users. Each storage rack moves to a place suitable for users to access clothes through the coordination of the moving pulley and the rack and pinion structure, and makes reasonable use of the space at a high place. The addition of intelligent electronic control module makes it more convenient for users to get the clothes they need. The device has superior performance, simple operation process, low cost in space and economy, wide target audience and good market prospect.

Analisis Penyimpanan Produk Menggunakan Metode Shared Storage (Studi Kasus di PT. X)

PT. X is a company engaged in shipping services. This company has a spare part storage warehouse that is not yet effective and efficient. This can be seen from the placement of items that are not suitable and require a long time in the process of picking up goods. This study aims to redesign the layout of the storage warehouse using the shared storage method. Shared storage is a method of arranging a storage area based on the warehouse floor area by placing the items that are sent immediately closest to the door, and so on. This method uses the FIFO (first in first out) principle so that the outbound process is easier and takes less time to search for goods. Based on the processing using the shared storage method, a proposal is made to improve the layout by adding 2 storage racks arranged by product type. The previous pallet 1210 became 3234. Forging of storage racks takes into account the size of the demand, so that products with more demand are placed in the area close to the door. With this, there are no more products stored in any area, and product collection will be easier and faster

Desain Rak Penyimpanan Berkas Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga Surabaya

Filling room has an important role in maintaining medical records, especially in terms of storage and protection of medical records. The creation of officers ease in taking and storing medical records in supported by the existence of an ergonomic storage space that is adapted to the anthropometric aspects. The design of the storage rack in accordance with the anthropometric data of the officer can facilitate the work of the officers. Storage racks at Airlangga University Hospital are not in accordance with the anthropometry of the officers, resulting in work discomfort and fatigue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ergonomics aspects of the storage rack based on the anthropometry of the filling officer. This type of research is descriptive and data collection is done by observation. The population of this study was 5 filing officers. The results of this study indicate that the condition of the storage rack in the filling room of the Airlangga University Hospital is not in accordance of the filling officer. The anthropometry of the filling officer used in designing the rack, namely the reach of the hand up to 202 cm, is used to measure the height of the medical record file storage rack, data fathom length 162 cm is used to reference the length of the medical records file storage rack and shoulder width data used to reference the distance between medical record file storage rack.

2단 적재선반의 지진시 거동에 관한 실험 연구

Storage racks are usually damaged due to earthquakes. Storage racks which are accessible by public should be designed according to the Korean Design Standards (KDS) such that it can bear earthquake load. However, existing research on the dynamic behavior and structural performance of storage racks are insufficient to develop a method to determine the seismic performance level of storage racks. In this study, various experiments for common pallet racks subjected to the earthquake load were carried out to investigate their dynamic behavior and seismic performance. The friction coefficient between pallet and steel rack was evaluated. In addition, the structural performance under static lateral cyclic loading and real earthquake excitation conditions were evaluated.

Determination of the flexural behavior of steel storage rack baseplate upright connections with eccentric anchor bolts

The baseplate upright connections of the steel storage racks are often attached to the concrete floor by anchor bolts possibly at an eccentric location. Currently available rack design specifications do not provide any guidelines to take account of the influence of eccentric anchor bolt location and do not consider the associated baseplate behavior in the design of such storage rack base connections. The first part of this paper experimentally established the flexural behavior of the baseplate upright connections with eccentric anchor bolts. The experiments considered an enhanced test setup and five groups of three nominally identical test specimens. Influencing parameters such as the baseplate thickness, anchor bolt size, the bracket thickness and the upright thickness were studied. The experimental observations revealed that the baseplate eccentric anchor bolt assembly plays a dominant role on the flexural behavior of the entire baseplate upright connections. The rotational stiffness, the failure mode and the moment capacity of the base connections are strongly intertwined with the eccentric anchor bolt location as well as the baseplate bending behavior. In order to further understand the behavior of such connections, in the second part of the paper, a component-based analytical model is established to predict the initial rotational stiffness and the progressive post yielding rotational stiffnesses of the baseplate upright connections. The moment capacity of the connections is also determined using a deformation limit-based method. The analytical model gives only a 3% underestimation of the initial stiffness and a 3% overestimation of the moment capacity compared with experimental results. The proposed model is suggested to be incorporated in future rack design specifications so that the model can be used by the rack designers to analytically determine the behavior parameters of the eccentric anchor bolted baseplate connections. The rack designers can also use the proposed model to identify the deformation contribution of each individual component and to develop a multi-linear moment-rotation relation of the baseplate upright connections without resorting to the physical experimental tests. Parametric studies were also performed using the proposed analytical model and the influence of relevant parameters had been quantified. Doubling of the baseplate thickness may result in a 11–37% increase in the initial rotational stiffness of the considered baseplate upright connections.

A Dynamic Route-Planning System Based on Industry 4.0 Technology

Due to the availability of Industry 4.0 technology, the application of big data analytics to automated systems is possible. The distribution of products between warehouses or within a warehouse is an area that can benefit from automation based on Industry 4.0 technology. In this paper, the focus was on developing a dynamic route-planning system for automated guided vehicles within a warehouse. A dynamic routing problem with real-time obstacles was considered in this research. A key problem in this research area is the lack of a real-time route-planning algorithm that is suitable for the implementation on automated guided vehicles with limited computing resources. An optimization model, as well as machine learning methodologies for determining an operational route for the problem, is proposed. An internal layout of the warehouse of a large consumer product distributor was used to test the performance of the methodologies. A simulation environment based on Gazebo was developed and used for testing the implementation of the route-planning system. Computational results show that the proposed machine learning methodologies were able to generate routes with testing accuracy of up to 98% for a practical internal layout of a warehouse with 18 storage racks and 67 path segments. Managerial insights into how the machine learning configuration affects the prediction accuracy are also provided.

DESIGN PROCESS OF DME STORAGE SYSTEM AS ASSEMBLY PARTS OR MAINTENANCE SPARE PARTS INVENTORY IN OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING PIPING SYSTEM

Discharge Manifold Equipment (DME) is an output pipe from a pump that bears an essential role in a piping system in offshore oil drilling, so it is a must to assure good bears condition whenever used. It is not an easy thing because DME is a significant and heavy component. Also, unfavourable conditions of offshore climate can accelerate its corrosion. Storage with the modular rack uses an offshore container certified DNV 2.7-1 / EN 12079 will be designed to fulfil those needs. The storage has an important role as an element in inventory, both the storage system for assembly parts or maintenance spare parts. This storage will be design using 4 (four) phases from VDI 2221 methods, namely; task clarification, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. Hydraulic power will be added to the system to support the piston movement so that the storage rack can be moved automatically by the hydraulic system. This storage has given the best solution for a systematic storing DME in the piping system of offshore oil drilling.