Storage Ponds Research Articles

Engineering and Technical Research on Combined Application of Stormwater Regulation Pond and PP Modular Cistern in Wet Trapped Loess Area

Abstract This paper analyzes the engineering characteristics of loess and the factors affecting wet subsidence, briefly outlines the application effect of PP modular cisterns, and combines the two to design a PP modular cistern based on rainwater harvesting. Combined with the analysis of the pre-engineering conditions of the storage tank, propose the treatment method for wet subsidence loess foundations. Design the structure of the storage tank by determining the volume of the tank by comparing the difference between the inlet and outlet flow during the storage time integral. Simulate the modeling of storm floods and the process of emptying stormwater regulating ponds. Evaluate the geologic conditions for the construction of the regulating pond project. Compare the original investigation report with the results of this paper’s test of the engineering foundation’s wet subsidence coefficient. Set different thicknesses of bedding layers and calculate the settlement of the center of the pool under different humidity levels of the loess layer. Simulate the 2.3-hour rainstorm process, analyze the storage volume of the storage pond during the period, and calculate the cumulative storage volume of the storage pond. This project’s foundation loess wet subsidence coefficient is medium, and the actual additional pressure is much smaller than the starting pressure of wet subsidence. It is appropriate to use the soil bedding program (1.6m plain soil bedding layer and then rammed 0.4m thick 2:8 gray soil, with PP module seepage control). Combined with the local hydrological conditions, it is known that the peak present time of the peak outflow from the regulating pond T P =85min, and the volume of the regulating pond is 22543.47 m 3.

Ecotone systems of the Keltrikan water reservoir in the network of Sostinskie lakes

Ecotone ecosystems “water-land” are natural ecosystems formed at the interface of interaction between two environments: aquatic and terrestrial, have a specific structure, functioning regimes, and stability mechanisms. Detailed research of the ecotone systems of the storage ponds of Kalmykia is necessary for the preservation of the gene pool of steppe and desert biota.The Keltrikan reservoir belongs to the Sostinskie lakes system, located in the southeast of the Republic of Kalmykia. The study of the water body and the surrounding territories was carried out according to the ecotone concept of V.S. Zaletaev. Studies had shown that by 2023, the area of the water surface of the Keltrikan reservoir decreased by 2.8 times compared to 2009. It was found that the waters of the Keltrikan reservoir have high mineralization, reaching up to 169 g/l, with the salinization type being sulfate-sodium-chloride. Research had shown the Keltrikan reservoir, being the most distant from the Sostinskie lakes network, is highly dependent on water supply from the Chogray water storage. For the first time, structural-functional blocks of the ecotone system were described for this water body, the depth of occurrence and mineralization of groundwater in each block were determined, geobotanical descriptions of the blocks were performed, their floristic and phytocenotic composition and biological productivity were identified. It was found that the general species richness of the Keltrikan reservoir ecotone has 45 species of higher flowering plants, belonging to 33 genera and 11 families. The most numerous families are Chenopodiaceae (42.2%), Brassicaceae (15.6%), Poaceae (13.3%), Asteraceae (6.7%). Annuals and perennials dominate in the flora, but the edificators of the ecotone flora of the Keltrican reservoir are dwarf semishrubs and shrubs. Most plant species belong to xerophytes and mesophytes.

Karakterisasi Cabai Merah Giling yang Disimpan dalam Media Kolam Ikan Masyarakat Di Kota Padang Sumatera Barat

Storing ground chilies in fish ponds was initiated by the Padang City, West Sumatra Province community. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of ground red chilies stored in fish ponds and refrigerators. 100 g of ground chili was stored and packaged in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic clips and again in polypropylene (PP) plastic clips. The packaged material was soaked in a fish pond to a depth of ± 60 cm. Some packaged chilies were also stored in the refrigerator at ± 6 oC. Observations on the quality of ground chili, including water content, total titrated acid, antioxidant activity, air activity, total plate number, and organoleptic were analyzed periodically for ten weeks. The results showed that until the 10th week of storage, the characteristics of ground red chilies stored in fish ponds were almost identical to those stored in the refrigerator. The storage temperature in a fish pond differed from that in a refrigerator. Based on these findings, it can be hypothesized that a Modified Atmospheric Packaging system has occurred during storage in fish ponds because it allows low temperatures, which can slow down the freezing process. Therefore, further research needs to be conducted to assess the potential of fish ponds as an environmentally friendly storage place for fresh chilies.
 Keyword: storage, society, water media, ecosystem

Evaluation of Drainage System of Light Rapid Transport (LRT) Depo – Kelapa Gading – Jakarta City

LRT Depo is a vital infrastructure in the operation of Jakarta’s LRT system. The LRT Depo is located in the Kelapa Gading area. Kelapa Gading is an inundation-prone area in Jakarta. Hence a drainage system should be prepared to manage surface runoff in the area to avoid additional runoff to the surrounding drainage system. In order to reduce runoff in Jakarta Special Province, the Governor of Jakarta has imposed a regulation on surface runoff management for every developed area. The runoff control measures, promoted in the regulation to be applied, are in the form of infiltration wells and storage ponds. The principle of reducing peak discharge by a possible storage system for LRT Depo was designed and applied to comply with regional regulations on rainwater control. The drainage system, initially based on the regulations, was also modeled in the Storm Water Management Modelling software (SWMM). This study evaluated the drainage system by elaborating the reduction of the peak discharge based on the simulation. A reduction of peak discharge was observed in the modeling results. The proposed runoff control at LRT Depo Kelapa Gading is a proper design of infrastructure development for a flood prone area.

Environmental Performance of the Stormpav Permeable Pavement Using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

Urban stormwater runoff is contaminated with a variety of pollutants, including total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP), as a result of non-source pollution from transportation, residences, and businesses, as well as sediment from human activities and construction sites. These pollutants are expected to degrade the water quality in local rivers and streams, impairing the quality of marine life and contaminating drinking water supplies. This study evaluates the environmental performance of a permeable pavement system in an urban catchment using the stormwater management model (SWMM). Two pavement systems with different hydraulic designs were compared to reduce runoff, increment of groundwater storage and the environmental parameters assessments on total suspended solids (TSS) and Total Phosphorus (TP). The first system comprises a StormPav, which is the UNIMAS innovated green pavement with subsurface hollow cylindrical micro-detention pond storage of about 70% void content. The second system consists of porous concrete (PC) pavement assembled in a layered of coarse and fine particles to ensure water can infiltrate through, with about 40% void content. The environmental impact assessment was applied at Padungan Commercial Centre in the Kuching City of Malaysia. The case study simulated in low impact development (LID) sub-catchment in SWMM to obtain the runoff, infiltration and environmental quality performance. In the assessment, it was found that, for both pavement systems, higher stormsat shorter duration resulted in higher reduction efficiency. The StormPav is more effective in reducing runoff, while presenting a lower value for environmental assessments in removing TSS and TP compared to PC.

Infiltration ability in the area of land use change, Bogor, West Java

The upstream of the Cisadane Watershed is included in the Mount Halimun Salak National Park area as the water catchment area. Water resource conservation is important because of land use change. Rainfall analysis was carried out to determine the rain intensity amount. Then, infiltration observations were also carried out in Ecosystem Restoration (ER) areas. ER is an area in the rehabilitation zone that requires improvement, especially in biophysical improvement. Several ER areas are in Cibunian Village and Purwabakti Village. The analysis determined the infiltration rates in the ER areas. Field surveys carried out data collection on infiltration sample measurements. Sample points were selected using Stratified Random Sampling. The results show the average rainfall in the study area is around 3950 mm/year. The results show the infiltration ability in the ER area is relatively slow. However, there are still results of rapid infiltration at several sample points. Due to limited water absorption capacity, soil characteristics with clay texture influence slow infiltration conditions. Even though the rainfall is high, surface water runoff is quickly formed. The rainfall in the Cisadane watershed should be stored to reserve water supply, especially during the dry season. In detail, water storage can be an infiltration pit, artificial water storage tanks, reservoirs, or ponds. The limited availability of water resources challenges water uses in the Cisadane Watershed. This research is essential as an initial study to find out more about the watershed hydrological system and the water demand level.

Assessing the presence, concentration, and impacts of trace element contamination in a Chesapeake Bay tributary adjacent to a coal ash landfill (Possum Point, VA)

Coal ash (CA) is an industrial waste product that has been shown to contain several neurotoxic constituents such as cadmium, selenium, mercury, lead, and arsenic. Contaminant-laced leachates enter the environment via seepage, runoff, permitted discharge, or accidental spills from CA storage ponds or landfills which may pose a risk to wildlife residing in receiving waterways. In this study, we assessed 1) the presence and concentration of thirteen trace elements (Al, Ca, Mg, Cr, Cd, As, Se, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, B) in surface water and sediment grab samples using ICP-OES, 2) the temporal variability of trace elements using Pb-210 dated sediment core samples, 3) differences in species diversity using environmental DNA (eDNA) analyses, and 4) the presence and concentration of trace metals in banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) epaxial muscle tissue collected from waterways surrounding the Possum Point Power Station (Stafford, VA). Results showed the highest concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Se, Zn, and B in Quantico Creek (QC) adjacent to the coal ash ponds and elevated average cadmium and zinc concentrations compared to both upstream and downstream locations along the Potomac River. Sediment core profiles and Pb-210 analyses showed historical enrichment of several trace elements in QC beginning after the commissioning of the power plant in 1948. When compared to upstream and downstream sites, species diversity was drastically reduced in Quantico Creek based on eDNA identification. Muscle tissues of banded killifish collected in Quantico Creek displayed increased Al, Cd, and Zn concentrations compared to upstream and downstream sites. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential impacts of coal ash landfills on aquatic ecosystems and suggest that further research is needed to fully inform risk assessment and remediation efforts.

Organic Solvent Contamination in Groundwater Around Natural Gas Plants

Alberta is a province that has vast deposits of natural gas. However, in its natural form it is considered sour in that it has impurities, i.e., it contains hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon dioxide (CO2), mercaptans and organic sulphides. To enable the marketing of the natural gas these impurities must be removed using organic compounds and solvents. As a result of spills, leakage during processes, seepage from unlined storage ponds some of these solvents have contaminated groundwater around natural gas processing facilities. Remediation of the organic solvents is a difficult problem. To achieve an understanding of the processes involved in their degradation, a hydrogeochemical assessment of a site can be done using existing data from the site to track the development of groundwater redox zones across the different hydrostratigraphic units (HSU). This is relevant because the oxidation is hypothesized to have contributed to the biodegradation of the compounds. The objective of this global assessment is to assign a groundwater redox zone for each sample, with special emphasis placed on defining the oxidative groundwater zone (OGZ) due to its relevance to biodegradation. Ideally, the oxic groundwater zone would be defined based on the concentration of molecular oxygen (i.e., dissolved ) in groundwater (McMahon and Chapelle 2008). However, molecular oxygen, normally measured as ‘dissolved oxygen’, was not routinely measured as a field parameter in this study and therefore was unavailable to define the OGZ. The scheme adopted considers the concentrations of terminal electron acceptors (TEA) present in groundwater and measured in commonly measured parameters including oxygen, nitrate, and sulphate and dissolved metals (manganese and iron). These TEA's are consumed under progressively more reducing conditions after oxygen reduction is complete in the order: nitrate reduction, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulphate reduction, and finally carbonate reduction (one form of methanogenesis). The results show that redox zonation is heterogeneously distributed across the site, both within and between HSUs. Multiple lines of hydrogeochemical evidence support buffered aerobic biodegradation at the site.

Environmental implications of phosphate-based fertilizer industrial waste and its management practices.

During the green revolution in the mid-twentieth century, the consumption of inorganic phosphorous and phosphate-based fertilizers (P-fertilizers) in the developing world skyrocketed, resulting in a proliferation of P-fertilizer industries. Phosphate-based fertilizer industries are ranked among the most environment-polluting industries. The worldwide phosphorus market, which was 68.5 million metric tons in 2020, is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.5% to 81 million metric tons by 2027. The release of untreated hazardous pollutants from these fertilizer industries into the soil, water, and atmosphere has resulted in severe environmental health issues. Excessive surface runoff of phosphorus from agricultural fields and its deposition in water promote the growth of algae and macrophytes and lower dissolved oxygen concentration through eutrophication, which is detrimental to aquatic life. Fluorides (F-) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and/or heavy metals (potentially toxic elements, PTEs) are also detected in the emissions from these fertilizer industries. The main solid waste generated from the phospho-gypsum plant produced up to 5 tons of di-hydrogen phosphate (H2PO4), including PTEs and radioactive substances. Phosphates and fluorenes from these industries are usually disposed of as sludge in storage ponds or trash piles. Humans inhaling poisonous gases released from the P-fertilizer industries can develop hepatic failure, autoimmune diseases, pulmonary disorders, and other health problems. The objectives of this review are to provide guidelines for eliminating the bottleneck pollutions that occur from the phosphate-based fertilizer industries and explore the management practices for its green development.

Identification of algal rich microbial blooms in the Sellafield Pile Fuel Storage Pond and the application of ultrasonic treatment to control the formation of blooms.

The presence of microorganisms in a range of nuclear facilities has been known for many years. In this study the microbial community inhabiting the Pile Fuel Storage Pond (PFSP), which is a legacy open-aired facility on the Sellafield nuclear site, Cumbria, UK, was determined to help target microbial bloom management strategies in this facility. The PFSP is currently undergoing decommissioning and the development of prolonged dense microbial blooms reduces the visibility within the water. Such impairment in the pond water visibility can lead to delays in pond operations, which also has financial implications. Efforts to control the microbial population within the PFSP are ongoing, with the installation of ultrasonic treatment units. Here next generation sequencing techniques focussing on broad targets for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms were used to identify the microbial community. On-site monitoring of photosynthetic pigments indicated when microbial blooms formed and that eukaryotic algae were most likely to be responsible for these events. The sequencing data suggested that the blooms were dominated by members of the class Chrysophyceae, a group of golden algae, while evidence of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria was limited, further supporting eukaryotic organisms causing the blooms. The results of sequencing data from 2018 was used to inform a change in the operational settings of the ultrasonic units, while monitoring of the microbial community and photosynthetic pigments trends was extended. Since the changes were made to the ultrasonic treatment, the visibility in the pond was significantly improved, with an absence of a spring bloom in 2020 and an overall reduction in the number of days lost due to microbial blooms annually. This work extends our knowledge of the diversity of microbes able to colonise nuclear fuel storage ponds, and also suggests that sequencing data can help to optimise the performance of ultrasonic treatments, to control algal proliferation in the PFSP facility and other inhospitable engineered systems.

The Impact of Mining Operations on Water Sources and Its Resources (on the Example of a Coal Mine)

The article is devoted to assessing the impact of a mining enterprise on water and other resources and developing recommendations to reduce this impact. The environmental assessment consisted in determining the main natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the state of water resources, the concentration of pollutants in quarry wastewater. The article defines the content of eight pollutants in quarry waters for the period from 2019 to 2021. The excess of sulfates and ammonium nitrogen MPC in the water of cultural and domestic use was revealed. Also, calculations of pollutants concentrations in quarry waters are carried out, and the volumes of pollution allowed for admission from quarry waters to the storage pond of the coal mine are determined. Recommendations for reducing the negative impact of the mining enterprise on water reservoirs and resources are also given

Response of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microbial Distribution to Seasonal Shock Nutrients Load in a Lakeshore Multicell Constructed Wetland

Multicell constructed wetlands (MCWs) on lakeshores are a prospective treatment technique. However, the factors affecting the nutrient removal performance of lakeshore MCWs at the field scale are unclear. This study chose a field-scale lakeshore MCW with the highest mass removal efficiency (approximately 49,175.12 mg m−2 day−1) for total nitrogen removal in the wet season to investigate the response of nitrogen removal and microbial distribution to seasonal shock nutrients load. The mass loading rates in the wet season were as high as 43~72 times over those in the dry season. Hence, a storage pond (SP), as a forebay retention cell, was necessary to mitigate the shock loads of the influent, which is beneficial to nitrogen removal of the MCW system. The two major genera in the sediments are heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification bacteria, and the abundance and species of the nitrogen-related functional genera were higher in the wet season than the dry season. According to the results of redundancy analysis, the hydraulic residence time (29.4%, F = 2.2, p < 0.1) and hydraulic loading rate (85.9, F = 36.5, p < 0.05) were the major factors explaining microbial community variation, instead of environmental factors (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen). The shock loads of influent and the periodic saturation in sediments contributed to a complicated oxygen and nitrogen nutrient exchange environment resulting in higher abundance and species of nitrogen-related microbes, which is beneficial to nitrogen removal in lakeshore MCWs. The results provided a scientific basis for the optimal design of constructed wetlands on lakeshores.

Техногенная нагрузка на водные ресурсы угледобывающих регионов

The state of Kuzbass water resources is attracting more and more attention, which is associated with increasing industrial use. The risk of reducing the sanitary reliability of water bodies is due to an increase in the amount of industrial wastewater and the multicomponent nature of their composition. For Kuzbass as a coal-mining region, wastewater treatment of coal mining and processing enterprises is relevant. The data of monitoring reporting, the characteristics of the applied cleaning methods are given in the paper. The most common system of treatment facilities in coal mines, the formation of runoff and problem areas are considered. The sewage receiver is small rivers, the layers are drained by natural drainage, the drainage water is collected in sumps, then it is pumped to the settling ponds by pumps. In the settling ponds, wastewater stays for several days, which leads to the release of suspended particles. After the dam, the treated wastewater is divided into two streams: one is discharged into a reservoir, the other is sent to a storage pond to use this water in the technological process. The possibility of using filtration through artificial filter arrays with a layer consisting of a carbon sorbent at the second stage of purification was studied. The filtering carbon material based on anthracite — Purolat-Standard and coconut charcoal, the raw material for which is a natural material, are analyzed. Adsorption isotherms were used as a criterion for evaluating the adsorption capacity of materials. The sorption capacity of coconut charcoal with respect to iron ions when extracted from individual model solutions, according to the experiment, was 0.54 mg/g. The content of manganese in the solution after adsorption on coconut charcoal decreased according to the experimental data, and the adsorption value was 147 mg/g.

An integrated modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of nature-based solutions of flood mitigation across a small watershed in the southeast United States

Abstract. Floods are among the most destructive natural hazards in the world, posing numerous risks to societies and economies globally. Accurately understanding and modeling floods driven by extreme rainfall events has long been a challenging task in the domains of hydrologic science and engineering. Unusual catchment responses to flooding cause great difficulty in predicting the variability and magnitude of floods, as well as proposing solutions to manage large volumes of overland flow. The usage of nature-based solutions (NBSs) has proved to be effective in the mitigation of flood peak rate and volume in urban or coastal areas, yet it is still not widely implemented due to limited knowledge and testing compared to traditional engineering solutions. This research examined an integrated hydrological and hydraulic modeling system to understand the response of an at-risk watershed system to flooding and evaluate the efficacy of NBS measures. Using the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System and River Analysis System (HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS) software, an integrated hydrologic–hydraulic model was developed for Hurricane Matthew- (2016) and Florence-driven (2018) floods across the Little Pee Dee–Lumber River watershed, North and South Carolina (the Carolinas), US. The focus was on Nichols, a small town that has disproportionately been impacted by flooding during these two hurricane events. The present article proposes a methodology for selecting, modeling, and evaluating the performance of NBS measures within a catchment, which can be extended to other case studies. Different NBS measures, including flood storage ponds, riparian reforestation, and afforestation in croplands, were designed, modeled, and evaluated. Hurricane Matthew's flooding event was used for evaluating the NBS scenarios given its high simulation accuracy in flood inundation compared to the less accurate results obtained for Hurricane Florence. The scenario comparison evidenced that large-scale natural interventions, such as afforestation in croplands, can reduce the inundated area in Nichols by 8 % to 18 %. On the contrary, the smaller-scale interventions such as riparian reforestation and flood storage ponds showed a negligible effect of only 1 % on flood mitigation.

Heavy metals content in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) grown on soil contaminated by gold mine tailings with composted cow manure amendment

Artisanal gold miners usually dispose of gold mine tailings in storage ponds or agricultural land used for farming. However, the gold mine tailings still contain heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc and can lead to bioaccumulation in food chains. This study investigated the influence of composted cow manure as organic fertilizer on heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) content in sweet potatoes grown on soil contaminated by gold mine tailing. The MZ119 clone sweet potato plants were grown on soils added with mixtures of gold mine tailings at ratios of 0% (control), 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% (w/w), and composted cow manure (0, 250, 500, and 750 g/10 kg of soil). The results showed that the higher the ratio of gold mine tailings to the soil, the higher the accumulation of metals in sweet potatoes. According to the translocation factor (TF) value, heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) accumulated higher in the shoots than in the roots of sweet potatoes. Accumulation of heavy metals in sweet potato occurred in the following order: Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. This study recommends that sweet potatoes could be used for the phytoremediation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in polluted soils, but the plants may not be used for consumption.

High Incidence of Contact Dermatitis in Communal Rainwater Harvesting Users in a Rural Area of Sampang, Madura, East Java, Indonesia

Marparan village in Sampang, Indonesia uses a communal rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) for collecting water during the dry season. This study aimed to assess the quality of the water in the communal rainwater catchment pond (CRHP) and investigate the occurrence of contact dermatitis among the community members. The research followed an observational approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 50 individuals randomly selected from the user community of the CRHP for sanitation hygiene purposes. Water samples were collected from the CRHP and analyzed for physical characteristics, pH level, and surfactant content. The results revealed that the water in the communal rainwater storage pond did not meet the quality standards established by the Ministry of Health Indonesia. Additionally, a significant association was found between age and the occurrence of contact dermatitis. However, no significant relationships were observed between variables such as activity type, exposure frequency, and the incidence of contact dermatitis. Moreover, no relationships were identified between activity type, exposure frequency, duration of exposure, and the occurrence of contact dermatitis. It was observed that respondents did not rinse with clean water after using the communal rainwater storage pond for bathing or washing clothes. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals rinse with clean water after engaging in activities involving the use of the rainwater storage pond to minimize the risk of contact dermatitis.

ВИВЧЕННЯ СКЛАДУ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ НАФТОШЛАМІВ, УТВОРЕНИХ ВНАСЛІДОК ПЕРЕРОБКИ НАФТИ

The paper describes the results of studying the composition and properties of oil sludge obtained during oil processing at an oil refinery. Samples of fresh oil sludge and oil sludge of long-term storage, taken at different depths of the storage pond, were studied. The main properties and group hydrocarbon composition of the organic part of oil sludges were studied.

Numerical simulation and experiments study on laser ablation decontamination for strontium and cesium from contaminated 316L stainless steels in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing

Radionuclides, 90Sr and 137Cs in this study, generated during spent fuel reprocessing will contaminate the structural material (316 L stainless steels), affecting the safe decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Laser ablation is a promising surface decontamination technology. In this study, the optimal laser parameters (the laser power of 16 W, the scanning speed of 175 mm/s, and the pitch spacing of 10 μm), used for laser ablation decontamination experiments for contaminated 316 L stainless steel in NaOH and HNO3 containing Sr and Cs which simulated the environments of spent nuclear fuel storage pond and Plutonium Uranium Redox Extraction (PUREX) process, were determined by numerical simulation with COMSOL Multiphysics. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to evaluate the decontamination performance of laser ablation, and no contaminant elements (Sr and Cs) were detected on the steel surface after laser ablation. Moreover, physicochemical technologies (SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS) were used to characterize the surface chemical states and morphologies of contaminated steel before and after laser ablation. It was found that on the surface of the contaminated steel after laser ablation, δ-ferrite phase was detected, and the passive film was re-formed.

Efficiency of molasses waste when growing potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) as a new promising organic fertilizer

It has been established that the waste of the alcohol and sugar industry (molasses innovative fertilizer) contains a complex of nutrients, which indicates the feasibility of their use as fertilizers for growing crops. This use of these types of waste will help solve the problem of their utilization, as they accumulate in significant volumes in the areas adjacent to the factories, in storage ponds. At the same time, the issue of reducing soil depletion of key nutrients due to the shortage of traditional organic fertilizers and the high cost of mineral fertilizers will be partially resolved. According to the results of field studies, the effectiveness of using waste in potato fertilization systems on soddy-loamy, bound sandy soil has been proven in order to obtain consistently high yields. In particular, it was found that the introduction of this type of waste at a rate of 10 t/ha ensures the formation of tubers weighing 92.7 g and 66 mm in diameter, and with a twofold increase in the rate — 109.3 g and 74 mm, respectively. These biometric parameters provided potato yields of 19.7 t/ha when using waste at a rate of 10 t/ha and 26.6 t/ha when using 20 t/ha. A positive effect on the quality indicators of potato tubers was recorded when using waste as fertilizer, in particular, the starch content was at the level of 16.6–16.7%. A positive effect of molasses innovative fertilizer on abStract 154 agroecological journal • no. 1 • 2023 the agrochemical parameters of the soil was also found, which is manifested in an increase in the content of nutrients in the tilth layer of soil (0–20 cm): nitrate forms of nitrogen (N–NO3) by 2.0–7.2 mg/kg, ammonium forms of nitrogen (N–NH4) — 0.4–1.1 mg/kg, mobile forms of phosphorus (P2O5) — 5.4–8.4 mg/kg and mobile forms of potassium (K2O) — 26.6– 40.6 mg/kg. The possibility of using waste in combination with mineral fertilizers was noted, which balances the fertilizer system and provides additional growth of potato tuber yield.

Hydraulic optimization simulation for reducing confluence and controlling the overflow pollution of storage ponds based on the Storm Water Management Model and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

Abstract The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was established to simulate rainfall–runoff dynamically, and the internal runoff component of the SWMM was used to simulate rainfall operation in each watershed, including rainfall–runoff and scour pollution load. Then, using the routing component in the SWMM, the properties of runoff into the tank system are calculated through pipelines and other facilities to obtain the optimal tank volume. The coupling optimization model was established, and the algebraic function of the storage capacity, total runoff, and total cost was established by using the multiple linear regression method, which was transformed into the optimization model aiming at the minimum total runoff and total cost. The NSGA-II is improved by using a reverse learning mechanism. By solving the optimization model, the non-dominant solution of the proxy model is obtained. The non-dominant solution was substituted into the SWMM, and the rationality of the optimization results was analyzed. The experimental results show that the reservoir volume determined by this method can effectively accept the pollutants brought by the initial rain, so as to reduce the hydraulic pollution caused by the confluence overflow and the overflow pollution of the urban integrated pipe network.