Oil Storage Research Articles

Characteristics and properties of hot-deformed duplex stainless steel 2205: An overview

Abstract This overview details the characteristics and attributes of hot-deformed Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) 2205, emphasizing its phases, alloying elements, and deformation behaviour. Due to its exceptional mix of mechanical qualities and corrosion resistance, it has found extensive applications in water treatment and desalination, chemical industries, oil and gas storage tankers, construction, food production, and marine environments. Its properties during hot deformation are crucial in defining its applications. DSS 2205 features a balanced dual-phase microstructure, with ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) phases in roughly equal quantities, resulting in high mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance. Depending on the alloy composition and processing conditions, hot deformation can result in the development of secondary phases. Temperature, strain rate, and initial microstructure impact DSS 2205's hot deformation. Hot deformation initiates several forms of grain boundaries, which contribute to microstructural evolution and yielding properties. Therefore, the characteristics of hot-deformed DSS 2205 show a refined and dynamically recrystallized microstructure, resulting in improved properties. Understanding the interaction of alloying components, phases, and deformation conditions can help optimize the hot deformation process for DSS 2205. In conclusion, this study emphasizes optimizing the phases and deformation parameters to fully utilize DSS 2205 in demanding applications.

Analysis of the Generation of Harmful Aldehydes in Edible Oils During Sunlight Exposure and Deep-Frying Using High-Field Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Edible oils are essential dietary components that provide crucial micronutrients. However, their quality can deteriorate during frying—a common cooking method—and with prolonged light exposure due to chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization. These processes lead to the formation of harmful compounds, particularly aldehydes. This study investigates how thermal and light exposure impact the chemical composition of five widely used edible oils: olive, rapeseed, sunflower, sesame, and peanut oils. For the thermal treatment, the oils were heated to 190 ± 5 °C in a commercial fryer, with samples taken at the start and after 10 min and 60 min of heating, while intermittently frying chicken nuggets to simulate typical frying conditions. For the light exposure treatment, the oil samples were exposed to direct sunlight for 3 and 8 h, with control samples being collected beforehand. The oil composition was analyzed using an advanced 800 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument with a triple-resonance inverse cryoprobe, providing high sensitivity and resolution. The results revealed a significant increase in various aldehyde compounds in all oils under both thermal and light exposure conditions. Notably, this study identified the generation of genotoxic and cytotoxic α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, including 4-hydroperoxy-(E)-2-alkenals, 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-alkenals, and 4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-alkenals. Given the established association of aldehydes with health risks, including cancer, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring oil degradation during cooking and the appropriate storage of oils to minimize light exposure to reduce potential health risks.

Aging resistance enhancement of asphalt mortar utilizing activated molecular sieve with oil storage and release function

Aging resistance enhancement of asphalt mortar utilizing activated molecular sieve with oil storage and release function

Lithological impact on topsoil organic carbon storage of karst forest soils shaped by aggregate pool complexity and their molecular composition

Lithological impact on topsoil organic carbon storage of karst forest soils shaped by aggregate pool complexity and their molecular composition

Time and climate roles in driving soil carbon distribution and stability in particulate and mineral-associated organic matter pools.

Understanding the accumulation and stability of soil organic matter (SOM) pools as a function of time (i.e., soil age) and climate (i.e., precipitation and temperature) represents a crucial challenge. This study aims at investigating the effect of both climate and time on SOM distribution into particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM and MAOM, respectively), using two chronosequences located along a climate gradient. The contribution of POM and MAOM to soil organic carbon (SOC) storage differs between the climo-chronosequences and with depth. The ratio between MAOM and POM pools (MAOM/POM) ranges from 0.9 to 2.0 and from 1.4 to 3.5 in the wetter and cooler and in the drier and warmer chronosequence, respectively. Regardless of the chronosequence, the MAOM/POM ratio increases with depth, highlighting a more important role of the mineral-associated fraction in carbon storage in deeper soils. The concentration of organic carbon in mineral-associated (MAOC) and particulate (POC) pools along the soil profile in the wetter and cooler chronosequence is 2× and 3× higher, respectively, than in soils from the drier and warmer one. In particular, in the wetter and cooler chronosequence, MAOC and POC concentrations decrease with soil age. In the drier and warmer chronosequence, only POC concentration decreases with soil age, whereas MAOC concentration generally increases. The thermal stability of the MAOM fraction increases with soil age and depth only in the drier and warmer climatic conditions, whereas no differences with depth occur in the wetter and cooler chronosequence. Furthermore, the MAOM energy density decreases with soil depth and age in both chronosequences. Independently of the chronosequence, POM represents the most labile pool with higher energy density. In conclusion, time and climate play a different role in SOC distribution between the pools and on their relative stability. Soil age drives MAOM stability in drier and warmer conditions, whereas a wetter and cooler climate determines a higher SOC accumulation in both pools, although these greater carbon stocks are negatively correlated with their stability.

Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Storage and Distribution in the Agricultural Soils as Affected by Soil Depths and Inundation Land Types

A study was initiated on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage and their distribution as affected by soil depths and inundation land types selecting ideal two catena across eight soil profiles up to the depth of 120 cm in the Brahmaputra and the Ganges alluviums. Soil organic carbon and TN storage is higher in the surface soil depth than the other soil depths. The contents and distribution of SOC and TN in all the soil depths varies significantly. Moreover, inundation land types and soil depths exhibited a significant effect (p<0.001) on SOC and TN storage. Soil organic carbon and TN storage were higher in the lowland (LL) and medium lowland (MLL) sites than that in the highland (HL) and medium highland (MHL) sites across the alluviums, which indicates that the topographic variability as well as their water recession conditions which ultimately focuses on SOC loss or sequestration. The Brahmaputra alluvium possesses higher SOC and TN storage than the Ganges alluvium which may be due to the variability of their land use and local management practices. Proper emphasis should be given on sub soil depths and inundation levels in formulating any agricultural policy planning. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 50(1-2): 137-152, June-December 2024

Warmer Climate Reduces the Carbon Storage, Stability and Saturation Levels in Forest Soils

AbstractForest soils store about one‐fifth of the global terrestrial biosphere carbon stock. However, our understanding of how soil geochemical, plant and microbial factors regulate forest soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, stability, and saturation levels remains limited. Here, we conducted a sampling campaign across a 5000‐km natural forest transect in China, measuring climate, geochemical factors and SOC fractions with varying stability. Additionally, we compiled a global data set of SOC fractions in major forest biomes. Our field survey and global synthesis consistently demonstrate that warmer climates not only reduce the content of labile particle organic matter (POM), but also decrease the typically stable mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM), leading to a significant decline in total soil carbon storage. Additionally, warmer climates promote the crystallization of Fe/Al oxides, which decreases the formation efficiency of Fe/Al oxide associated organic complexes. Consequently, the mineralogical carbon saturation level declines from boreal forests (37%) to tropical forests (25%). Our findings underscore that, beyond the well‐established climate impacts, soil geochemical properties play a pivotal role in shaping forest SOC composition and saturation levels across latitudes. This highlights that colder regions harbor larger and more stable carbon pools, and that ongoing climate warming and associated soil geochemical properties shift could potentially lead to a decline in soil carbon storage and its capacity to mitigate climate change.

Water hyacinth biomass-based biochar: Preparation and characterizations for sustainable soil amendment

AbstractThis study investigates the utilization of biochar (WHBC) from water hyacinth biomass (WHBM) for sustainable soil amendment to improve soil quality. WHBM and WHBC are prepared and characterized with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For that, physiochemical, proximate, ultimate, and elemental analyses are done and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) to identify the suitability of soil amendment. WH biomass is carbonized with a limited air supply in a muffle furnace, and the study found that 300–664 °C temperature is the optimum condition for producing biochar from TGA. XRD of WHBC displayed more crystallinity than WHBM. FTIR of WHBC showed higher carbon stability increment than WHBM. The SEM micrograph of WHBM showed that compact, and fibril structures and WHBC revealed macroscopic changes that can significantly improve the soil properties. EDAX analysis of WHBM and WHBC proved that various soil nutrients can be helpful for plant growth. The study shows that WHBM can be utilized as a soil quality amendment material by converting it to biochar and an effective material for carbon storage in soils.

Evaluation of the quality of pomelo (Citrus maxima) essential oil products during storage

The main disadvantage of the pomelo essential oil storage process is the change in colour and composition over time, which significantly affects the quality of essential oils and limits their usability. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of packaging type and storage conditions (temperature, time) on the quality of pomelo essential oil products. Pomelo essential oil was preserved in 3 types of packaging (brown glass, white glass, and plastic) at two temperatures of 30°C and 15°C for eight weeks. The parameters used to evaluate the quality of essential oil samples include density, colour index, acid value, chemical compositions, and bioactive activities. The optimal storage conditions of pomelo essential oil were determined as follows: storing in brown glass jars at 30°C for eight weeks. The results showed that after eight weeks, the pomelo essential oil samples were stored in brown glass jars at room temperature (30°C), still retaining their characteristic odour, unchanged colour, density index as 0.856 (g/mL), acid index as 0.748 mg KOH/g, IC50 value as 96.271 (mg/mL), limonene content as 75.99%, indicating that the above storage condition would maintain quality and improve the commercialisation of pomelo essential oil products in the Vietnamese market.

Research and Prospect of CCUS‐EOR Technology and Carbon Emission Reduction Accounting Evaluation

ABSTRACTAs a potential carbon emission reduction measure, carbon capture, utilization and storage technology is of great significance to achieve the goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality.” The implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage‐enhanced oil recovery (CCUS‐EOR) in the oil and gas industry serves the dual purpose of utilizing greenhouse gases as resources and enhancing oil recovery. This approach is a key strategy for achieving carbon emission reductions. In this study, the key problems of source‐sink matching, injection mode, oil displacement storage, and leakage were analyzed in conjunction with CCUS‐EOR technology used in both domestic and foreign oil fields. Additionally, the carbon emission reduction accounting methods of different oil fields were compared. Carbon source, carbon dioxide concentration, capture, and transportation mode are important influencing factors of carbon source selection. The project should follow the principle of proximity and select high‐concentration gas source as the development object in the early stage; the main methods of carbon dioxide injection are continuous carbon dioxide injection, alternating water and gas injection, and CO2 huff and puff among which injection speed and injection pressure are the key parameters; the underground occurrence state and storage capacity of carbon dioxide gas are dynamic changes in the process of oil displacement and storage; the three parts of surface leakage, injection wellbore leakage, and production well production are the key points of CCUS‐EOR project leakage. The corresponding monitoring methods are analyzed for different leakage modes; the CCUS‐EOR carbon emission reduction accounting method is comprehensively analyzed, and the application of carbon emission reduction accounting methods in major oilfields is compared. The accounting method of “life cycle assessment (LCA) + emission factor method + actual measurement method” is proposed. The research holds significant importance for enhancing the entire CCUS‐EOR technology chain and refining the CCUS‐EOR emission reduction accounting methodology. It also facilitates the integration of CCUS‐EOR projects into the carbon trading market, thereby enabling the efficient development of carbon assets in carbon dioxide flooding projects within oil and gas fields.

Methane trapping in permafrost soils: a biogeochemical dataset across Alaskan boreal-Arctic gradient

Permafrost soils store vast amounts of organic carbon, and their thawing due to climate warming accelerates the release of carbon as methane and carbon dioxide, exacerbating global climate change. Understanding the distribution of greenhouse gases trapped in these soils and predicting their behavior upon thawing is essential for accurately modeling climate feedbacks. This study presents an integrated biogeochemical and microbial dataset from ~1.8 m deep soil cores collected across a 970 km latitudinal gradient in Alaskan permafrost regions, spanning boreal forest and Arctic tundra biomes. This dataset includes vertical profiles of trapped greenhouse gases, their stable isotope signatures, soil physicochemical properties, and the composition and abundance of key methanogenic and methanotrophic genes. These data provide critical insights into methane cycling within permafrost soils in high-latitude ecosystems and contribute to refining the parameterization of biogeochemical processes in climate models, especially in the context of accelerating permafrost thaw.

Effects of Temperature and Agitation on the Kinetics of Vegetable Oil Adsorption onto Kapok Fiber

The unique properties of this natural fiber have sparked interest among researchers, opening possibilities for its potential use in oil spill cleanup. The oil adsorption may be influenced by temperature and agitation as revealed by past studies. This research focuses on both agitation speed at maximum of 200 rpm and temperature ranges from 30°C to 90°C in adsorption process to find an optimal condition to enhance the oil adsorption process. The analysis and characterization of kapok fiber by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle analysis that provided understandings into the structural and surface morphology of kapok fiber before and after oil adsorption. From the SEM morphology the kapok fiber observes the waxy surface and hollow lumen and porous structures believed can provide substantial capacity for oil storage.

Effects of Temperature and Agitation on the Kinetics of Vegetable Oil Adsorption onto Kapok Fiber

The unique properties of this natural fiber have sparked interest among researchers, opening possibilities for its potential use in oil spill cleanup. The oil adsorption may be influenced by temperature and agitation as revealed by past studies. This research focuses on both agitation speed at maximum of 200 rpm and temperature ranges from 30°C to 90°C in adsorption process to find an optimal condition to enhance the oil adsorption process. The analysis and characterization of kapok fiber by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle analysis that provided understandings into the structural and surface morphology of kapok fiber before and after oil adsorption. From the SEM morphology the kapok fiber observes the waxy surface and hollow lumen and porous structures believed can provide substantial capacity for oil storage.

A Review of Enhanced Methods for Oil Recovery from Sediment Void Oil Storage in Underground Salt Caverns

A Review of Enhanced Methods for Oil Recovery from Sediment Void Oil Storage in Underground Salt Caverns

Forensic Environmental Assessment and Hydrology in Louisiana’s First Oil Field: A 100-Year Recreation of Historical Land Use

Approximately 110 years after the discovery of oil in Louisiana, fourth- and fifth-generation landowners filed a legacy lawsuit to recover damages resulting from alleged environmental contamination of family property from oil exploration, extraction, and storage. As part of the complaint, the descendants claimed that, due to the new technology of the oil industry, their uneducated ancestor could not have had reasonable knowledge and business relationships to fully understand the contracts he signed with oil companies to lease his land for oil exploration. Forensic environmental assessment and hydrology enabled the recreation of the site’s historical land use and its potential for environmental impacts. Forensic analyses utilizing records and sources from disciplines typically not consulted in engineering studies provided essential insight into the origins of drainage alterations and contaminant transport across the site, including family records that demonstrated the plaintiffs’ ancestors had knowledge of (and contributed to) the site’s purported deteriorated conditions.

A Solar-Heated Phase Change Composite Fiber with a Core-Shell Structure for the Recovery of Highly Viscous Crude Oil.

Due to the high viscosity and low fluidity of viscous crude oil, how to effectively recover spilled crude oil is still a major global challenge. Although solar thermal absorbers have made significant progress in accelerating oil recovery, its practical application is largely restricted by the variability of solar radiation intensity, which is influenced by external environmental factors. To address this issue, this study created a new composite fiber that not only possesses solar energy conversion and storage capabilities but also facilitates crude oil removal. PF@PAN@PEG was obtained by coaxial electrospinning processing, with PEG within PAN fibers, and a coating layer was applied to the fiber surface to impart oleophilicity and hydrophobicity. PF@PAN@PEG exhibited a high latent heat value (77.12 J/g), high porosity, and excellent photothermal conversion and oil storage capabilities, significantly reducing the viscosity of crude oil. PF@PAN@PEG can adsorb approximately 11.65 g/g of crude oil under sunlight irradiation. Notably, due to the encapsulation of PEG, PF@PAN@PEG can continuously maintain the crude oil at a phase change temperature by releasing latent heat under specific conditions, effectively reducing its viscosity with no PEG leakage at all. When solar light intensity varied, the crude oil collection efficiency increased by 21.99% compared to when no phase change material was added. This research offers a potential approach for the effective use of clean energy and the collection of viscous crude oil spill pollution.

Analysis of Falling Block Characteristics in Salt Caverns Energy Storage Space

In the current global energy sector where energy storage technology is highly regarded, the development of storage technology is crucial. Utilizing specific underground space for the storage of oil and gas and other energy sources is the direction of future development, and the space formed by deep-salt-mine water dissolution extraction has gradually become the preferred choice. However, in actual operation, multi-layer salt cavities are prone to collapse of interlayer and bending of pipes, seriously affecting the progress, quality, and safety of the entire energy storage space construction. Therefore, based on relevant principles, a targeted experimental platform was established, by taking photos and measurements of the falling process of specific falling objects, simulating the situation of falling objects in actual energy storage spaces and their impact on related components. In-depth research was conducted on the probability of falling objects hitting the inner pipe and the horizontal impact force under different conditions, and the experimental results were verified by rigorous numerical simulation analysis. The research results show that falling objects impacts can cause related components to bend, with the maximum impact probability reaching 5.1% and the maximum horizontal impact force reaching 24.6 N. In addition, the hydraulic fluctuations caused by the suction and drainage of the cavity pipe column have a relatively small impact on the falling object trajectory. The research findings can provide practical and effective guidance for the safe construction of specific energy storage facilities, ensuring that construction can be carried out safely and efficiently, and contribute to the steady development of the energy storage industry as a whole.

Soil fungal necromass in deciduous‐dominated boreal forest after 13 years of inorganic nitrogen addition

Abstract Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi comprise a large proportion of the living and dead microbial‐derived soil carbon (C) pool in boreal forests. Because soil nitrogen (N) and C cycles are closely interlinked, shifts in N availability and subsequent effects on dead fungal mass (“necromass”) may influence C storage in soils. Several mechanisms could underlie the balance of fungal necromass production and stabilization, including fungal morphological traits and physiological traits and biochemical interactions between roots and ECM fungi. We applied inorganic N (30 kg ha−1 year−1) for 13 years in a boreal forest dominated by Populus tremuloides Michx. and measured total fungal necromass concentrations and total C concentrations in organic and mineral soil. We also measured total fungal biomass concentrations in soil (representing changes in inputs), condensed tannin and chitin concentrations of mycorrhizal roots (representing changes in necromass stabilization), and the potential genetic capacity of the ECM fungal community to produce chitinases (indicating chitin degradation potential) and class II peroxidases (indicating polyphenol degradation potential). We detected little effect of long‐term N addition on soil fungal necromass concentration. Long‐term N addition did not have a detectable effect on soil C concentration, standing fungal biomass, fine root tannin or chitin concentrations. Despite downward trends, there was also no detectable effect of N addition on the potential genetic capacity of the ECM fungal community to produce chitinases or class II peroxidases. Our study indicates that 13 years of inorganic N addition in a deciduous broadleaf‐dominated boreal forest has little detectable effect on soil fungal necromass concentrations or potential underlying mechanisms. However, morphological and physiological traits of the ECM community appear decoupled in response to inorganic N addition, representing key functional responses that warrant further investigation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Behavior at Air/Water Interface and Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils Analyzed Through Langmuir Monolayer Technique.

This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability and surface properties of cold-pressed vegetable oils using the Langmuir monolayer technique. Six oils-milk thistle, evening primrose, flaxseed, camelina sativa, black cumin, and pumpkin seed-were analyzed to investigate their molecular organization and behavior at the air/water interface, particularly after undergoing oxidation. The results showed that oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as flaxseed and evening primrose oils, formed monolayers with larger molecular areas and lower stability, which led to faster oxidative degradation, especially under thermal conditions. In contrast, pumpkin seed oil, with a higher content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), formed more condensed and stable monolayers, enhancing its resistance to oxidation. Black cumin oil, with a balanced profile of SFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), demonstrated similar stability. The Langmuir technique facilitated a detailed analysis of monolayer phase transitions: PUFA-rich oils transitioned more readily to less stable phases, while SFA-rich oils maintained durable, condensed structures. These findings underscore the utility of this method for assessing the oxidative stability of vegetable oils and highlight key parameters-such as surface pressure, molecular area, and elasticity modulus-that can support the optimization of oil storage and quality in the food industry and related sectors.

Shifts in the ecological drivers influence the response of tree and soil carbon dynamics in central Himalayan forests.

Understanding and regulating global carbon relies crucially on comprehending the components and services of forest ecosystems. In particular, interactions that govern carbon storage in trees, soil, and microbes, driven by factors like vegetation structure, function, and soil characteristics, remain poorly understood, especially in the central Himalayas. To address this gap, we investigated carbon storage in tree aboveground biomass, root biomass, and soil across different vegetation types. We also examined how vegetation parameters {vegetation diversity (H'), diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area (BA), and biomass}, and soil characteristics {bulk density (BD), moisture (Mo), pH, and total nitrogen (N)} might influence forest carbon storage. Our study, based on 14 plots (0.1ha each) spanning four distinct vegetation types {Sal forest (SF, 3), Chir-pine forest (PF, 4), Nepalese-alder forest (AF, 3), and Banj-oak forest (OF, 4)} in the central Himalaya, revealed several key insights. Tree carbon storage ranged from ∼79 to 261MgC ha-1, accounting for 41-65% of forest carbon storage, while soil carbon storage ranged from ∼28 to 69MgC ha-1, contributing 35-58%. These values varied with vegetation types and were influenced by the vegetation and soil characteristics associated with each forest type. Important contributors to tree and soil carbon storage included soil Mo, N, and vegetation structural diversity (H', BA), explaining 8-64 % of the variation. Path analysis indicated that increased vegetation diversity, soil properties, and conservative traits (fine roots and leaves) strongly influence tree and soil carbon storage. The study highlights the potential complex system to optimizing carbon storage in natural forest ecosystems, offering valuable insight for managing carbon sinks. Further research is needed to fully understand ecosystem responses to carbon storage across different forest habitats and different spatial-temporal scales.