Storage Infrastructure Research Articles

Dry and liquid formulations of IBT-V02, a novel multi-component toxoid vaccine, are effective against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from low-to-middle income countries.

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the U.S. as well as more serious invasive diseases, including bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, surgical site infections, osteomyelitis, and pneumonia. These infections are exacerbated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), highlighting the need for alternatives to antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. We have previously developed a multi-component toxoid vaccine (IBT-V02) in a liquid formulation with efficacy against multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus prevalent in the industrialized world. However, liquid vaccine formulations are not compatible with the paucity of cold chain storage infrastructure in many low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, whether our IBT-V02 vaccine formulations are protective against S. aureus isolates from LMICs is unknown. To overcome these limitations, we developed lyophilized and spray freeze-dried formulations of IBT-V02 vaccine and demonstrated that both formulations had comparable biophysical attributes as the liquid formulation, including similar levels of toxin neutralizing antibodies and protective efficacy against MRSA infections in murine and rabbit models. To enhance the relevancy of our findings, we then performed a multi-dimensional screen of 83 S. aureus clinical isolates from LMICs (e.g., Democratic Republic of Congo, Palestine, and Cambodia) to rationally down-select strains to test in our in vivo models based on broad expression of IBT-V02 targets (i.e., pore-forming toxins and superantigens). IBT-V02 polyclonal antisera effectively neutralized toxins produced by the S. aureus clinical isolates from LMICs. Notably, the lyophilized IBT-V02 formulation exhibited significant in vivo efficacy in various preclinical infection models against the S. aureus clinical isolates from LMICs, which was comparable to our liquid formulation. Collectively, our findings suggested that lyophilization is an effective alternative to liquid vaccine formulations of our IBT-V02 vaccine against S. aureus infections, which has important implications for protection from S. aureus isolates from LMICs.

Underground Storage Tanks: A Review of an Unseen Aging Infrastructure

Underground storage tanks (USTs) are a critical infrastructure for the storage of petroleum and other hazardous substances. As with much of the nationwide infrastructure, USTs are aging beyond their intended lifetime. In 1985, the average age of a UST removed for replacement or closeout was 17 y old; USTs removed today are on average 33 y old. Corrosion in UST systems can lead to tank failure resulting in leaks that can contaminate soil and groundwater and also result in vapor intrusion in nearby buildings. Presently, there are approximately 65,000 leaking USTs in the United States With increased flooding, both inland and coastal, there is greater potential for accelerated corrosion, where there are approximately 33,000 USTs within Federal Emergency Management Agency’s 100 y floodplain. With changes in the fuel supply through the introduction of alternative fuels, unintended consequences to fuel storage and delivery infrastructure have been observed. Biofouling and corrosion can be exacerbated by adding relatively small volumes of alternative fuels. The current standards for monitoring the potential leakage events of USTs are wholly inadequate in terms of predictive capabilities. In this present work, the past, current, and future of UST infrastructure are detailed. The materials used in the construction of the USTs including plastics and steels are reviewed as well as their compatibilities with the current and future fuels. A geospatial database application developed by the Environmental Protection Agency is highlighted for insights into correlations between UST data (e.g., age, type, location, and fuel) and natural disasters (e.g., flooding, fires) to identify potentially vulnerable systems.

Robust capital cost optimization of generation and multitimescale storage requirements for a 100% renewable Australian electricity grid.

Transitioning from a fossil-fuel-dependent economy to one based on renewable energy requires significant investment and technological advancement. While wind and solar technologies provide lower cost electricity, enhanced energy storage and transmission infrastructure come at a cost for managing renewable intermittency. Energy storage systems vary in characteristics and costs, and future grids will incorporate multiple technologies, yet the optimal combination of storage technologies and the role of interconnectors in alleviating storage needs are not widely explored. This study focuses on optimal generation-storage capacity requirements to elucidate associated investments. We propose a multitimescale storage solution consisting of three storage categories and an interconnector between Australia's eastern and western grids. Subsequently, through an extensive sensitivity analysis, we investigate the impact of specific storage technologies and cost variations. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed interconnector offers a cost-effective solution, reducing generation and storage power capacity needs by 6 and 14%, respectively, resulting in 4% savings on overall investment costs. Moreover, the study's sensitivity analysis reveals that wind generation provides 50-70% of the energy demand for the least-cost solution. Despite storage inefficiencies, long-duration storage would need to be deployed to support power capacity for 2-4 days, representing 15-40% of peak demand, depending on future technology costs. Subsequently, achieving a fully renewable electricity sector in Australia requires a significant expansion of generation and storage infrastructure, with a 13-fold increase in storage power capacity and a 40-fold increase in storage energy capacity compared to existing levels.

Optimizing the resource allocation in cyber physical energy systems based on cloud storage and IoT infrastructure

Given the prohibited operating zones, losses, and valve point effects in power systems, energy optimization analysis in such systems includes numerous non-convex and non-smooth parameters, such as economic dispatch problems. In addition, in this paper, to include all possible scenarios in economic dispatch problems, multi-fuel generators, and transmission losses are considered. However, these features make economic dispatch problems more complex from a non-convexity standpoint. In order to solve economic dispatch problems as an important consideration in power systems, this paper presents a modified robust, and effective optimization algorithm. Here, some modifications are carried out to tackle such a sophisticated problem and find the best solution, considering multiple fuels, valve point effect, large-scale systems, prohibited operating zones, and transmission losses. Moreover, a few complicated power systems including 6, 13, and 40 generators which are fed by one type of fuel, 10 generators with multiple fuels, and two large-scale cases comprised of 80 and 120 generators are analyzed by the proposed optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method, in terms of accuracy, robustness, and convergence speed is evaluated, as well. Furthermore, this paper explores the integration of cloud storage and internet of things (IoT) to augment the adaptability of monitoring capabilities of the proposed method in handling non-convex energy resource management and allocation problems across various generator quantities and constraints. The results show the capability of the proposed algorithm for solving non-convex energy resource management and allocation problems irrespective of the number of generators and constraints. Based on the obtained results, the proposed method provides good results for both small and large systems. The proposed method, for example, always yields the best results for the system of 6 power plants with and without losses, which are $15,276.894 and $15,443.7967. Moreover, the improvements made in the proposed method have allowed the economic dispatch problem regarding multi-fuel power plants to be solved not only with optimal results ($623.83) but also in less than 35 iterations. Lastly, the difference between the best-obtained results ($121,412) and the worst-obtained results ($121,316.1992) for the system of 40 power plants is only about $4 which is quite acceptable.

Physically 100 % renewable electricity supply through hybrid electricity storage – A top-down modelling study for the case of Austria

A top-down model calculation based on real generation and demand data is presented for the hypothetical case of 100 % renewable electricity generation combined with hybrid electricity storage infrastructure in the Austrian control area (9 million inhabitants, electric demand ∼70 TWh per year). To reach 100 % physical coverage by renewables, the actual wind and photovoltaic generation curves in the selected reference year of 2022 were scaled by a factor of 2.8 and 30, respectively. In the scope of the presented system are lithium-ion battery storage (cyclic efficiency 90 %), pumped hydro storage (70 %) and power-to-gas storage with subsequent re-electrification in gas turbine combined cycle plants operated as combined heat and power (CHP) system (30 %). Our core aspect lies in the optimized operation of the hybrid storage system, where the charging and discharging of the storage technology with higher cyclic efficiency is given priority. A straightforward cascading control algorithm is applied with individual elements functioning as simple proportional controllers. The results show how a 100 % renewable electricity system in Austria could be configured, partially building upon existing electricity generation infrastructure (pumped hydro and gas turbine combined cycle plants) and on the implementation of new lithium-ion battery storage with a total capacity of 100 GWh and new electrolysis infrastructure with a power of 5 to 10 GW. To overcome existing limitations of the presented model, an extension to a more complex model with spatial differentiation and consideration of electricity grid characteristics and constraints is recommended.

RETRACTED: Hydrogen role in energy transition: A comparative review

This comparative review explores the pivotal role of hydrogen in the global energy transition towards a low-carbon future. The study provides an exhaustive analysis of hydrogen as an energy carrier, including its production, storage, distribution, and utilization, and compares its advantages and challenges with other renewable energy sources. The study emphasizes the potential of hydrogen, produced via electrolysis powered by conventional and renewables, as a promising solution for abate sectors such as heavy industries, transport, and heating applications. Despite its potential, the study recognizes significant obstacles, such as high production costs, lack of adequate infrastructure for transport and storage, and the need for supportive policies and regulatory frameworks. A key insight is that hydrogen is not in competition with other renewable technologies, but rather, is a vital complement, especially for addressing renewable intermittency and energy storage issues. A regional analysis shows varied levels of readiness and adoption, with Europe, United States and, East Asia leading in policy support and infrastructure development. The study concludes with the broader social and economic implications of a hydrogen economy, including regional development opportunities. The review study underscores the substantial role of hydrogen in the energy transition, while acknowledging the challenges that need to be addressed through technology advancements, policy support, and international collaboration.

Design and implementation of a preset operational amplifier based on basic digital and analog hybrid circuit

In the vast landscape of electronic engineering, the indispensable roles of both analog and digital circuits are unequivocally recognized. Analog circuits, with their foundational principles, are extensively harnessed in areas encompassing audio, video, power systems, and particularly, amplifiers. Conversely, digital circuits, integral to modern-day technological advancements, are dominantly present in computing platforms, telecommunication systems, control mechanisms, and data storage infrastructures. Amplifiers, a cornerstone in analog circuit designs, principally focus on magnifying the amplitude of input signals, whether it be in terms of voltage or current. This amplification process hinges on the strategic configuration of electronic elements such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors. This paper endeavors to marry the attributes of digital and analog circuits. Through the adept utilization of fundamental electronic components, an innovative amplifier design capable of preset amplification ratios is birthed. The practicality and efficacy of this amplifier are rigorously validated via its hands-on assembly and experimental testing in a laboratory setting. Results consistently underscore the amplifiers adeptness in delivering precise signal amplification, conforming to its predetermined ratios. Such a design, rooted in its simplicity yet offering profound versatility, beckons further exploration. It stands as a beacon for potential future adaptions, tailored to suit a gamut of applications, and is poised to seamlessly dovetail into more sophisticated circuit systems.

Energy Colonialism in Europe: A Participatory Analysis of the Case of Granada (Spain)

The energy crisis and the exacerbation of climate change, along with the associated geopolitical tensions, including the war in Ukraine, are accelerating the energy transition in Europe. A transition from fossil energy sources to renewable energy sources that have a low Energy Return Rate, involves, among many other issues, the use of wide areas to locate the necessary infrastructure for production, transport and storage, altering territories with agricultural, cultural and ecological values. This process is based on the deployment of renewable energy megaprojects in peripheric areas of the continent, mostly in the southern states creating a wide range of social conflicts and resistances. We analyse this process in the case study of the province of Granada, a peripheric territory of south-east Spain considering the category of energy colonialism and the six dimensions that characterise it, arguing that this is a proper approach to address internal colonialism related to the corporate energy transition. We also want to demonstrate the importance of using participatory methodologies for this analysis, so we have developed an online survey, semi-structured interviews and participatory cartography workshops, always focusing on the citizens and stakeholders who are resisting the deployment of renewable energy megaprojects in the province of Granada. The obtained results allow us to confirm the necessity of using participatory methodologies and the colonial aspect of this deployment, including the characteristics of social resistance, the territorial impacts, the land-grabbing process and the inequalities in the production, distribution and use of energy. We conclude with the need to articulate a decolonial energy transition where participatory methods constitute a fundamental tool both to attend the resistances and to build the alternatives.

Analysis of Cold Storage Capacity Utilization in Jharkhand: Special Reference to Agriculture Finance

Agriculture is the leading occupation for the people of the Jharkhand. State has potential to produce horticulture product and this type of product like fruits and vegetables need cold storage industry because It plays a significant role for the agricultural sector where various items such as Vegetables, fruits and meat etc.is stored where temperature is maintained, so as to protect them from getting spoiled and there by extend their preservation period with the help of precision instruments. Cold storages are an acute technology to keep perishable items safe.
 It is also an industry to increase revenue by protecting and reducing the wastage of fruits & vegetables. Cold storage is a place where an item is needed can be taken anytime and can be made available to consumers very easily. Due to non-availability of space in the existing cold storage units, farmers are facing hardships to store their produced. The purpose of the study to analyze the current scenario of cold storage capacity in Jharkhand. It has been seen that there is a wide gap in availability of cold storages and agriculture produce to the markets. There are only 25 storage which has 80625MT capacity in Jharkhand. So, the urgent need for affordable, reliable, and sustainable expansion of cold storage infrastructure is crucial to boost agriculture's economic contribution. Farmers need the right financing and storage for the right price, enabling them to directly connect with multiple markets and maximize socio-economic impact.

Multi-criteria assessment of inland and offshore carbon dioxide transport options

Transport is a key element of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, transport, and storage (CCTS) supply chains. Early movers, particularly inland emitters (e.g., in continental Europe), do not yet have access to a fully developed CO2 network infrastructure connecting them with the offshore storage hubs (e.g., in the European northern seas, as these belong to the first wave of storage infrastructure that will be developed in Europe). Therefore, specific source-to-sink CCTS supply chains combining and integrating different transport options must be developed and deployed first. In this work we analyse such transport options, which include (i) tank containers that can be transported by trucks, trains, barges, or ships, (ii) dedicated tanks permanently integrated into trucks, trains, barges, or ships, and (iii) pipelines. We develop general and portable methods, criteria, and correlations to determine the cost of transport through any given connection between two nodes in a CO2 network infrastructure, using any of the modes of transport above, as a function of distance and capacity. In particular, the correlations are based on real data collected through interviews with service providers and stakeholders. Based on the associated techno-economic assessment and the consideration of additional performance indicators of a more holistic nature, we carry out a multi-criteria assessment of the different transport options. Such multi-criteria approach allows for a holistic and transparent comparative assessment of the different alternatives for a whole CCTS supply chain, as illustrated with reference to a very specific connection.

An overview of oilseeds seed industry

The seed industry of the country has played a central role in bringing green revolution in India leading to record growth in production and productivity of different crops. Today, the Indian seed sector with a value of USD 3.0 billion is the fifth-largest seed industry in the world and is growing at a fast pace. The oilseed seed industry market is worth 0.06 Bn USD (Approx.) in India, out of which, the hybrid oilseed seed market is worth 0.027 Bn USD (Approx.). The oilseed sector is faced with several challenges concerning poor SRR as compared to other crops, which is less than 25%-30% leading to low productivity. In the case of mustard, castor, soybean, and linseed, the SRR is higher as compared to other oilseed crops. The other challenges are the inadequacy of seeds of high yielding and climate-resilient varieties, the availability of hybrids only in mustard, sunflower, and castor not with full exploitation of their potential. There is an urgent need to promote research varieties developed by private seed companies which suited to local situations and help in increasing the VRR of oilseed crops. Transfer of new agricultural technology to farmers including new seeds of oilseed crops also needs to be strengthened. Further, it is important to look at the concerns of the seed industry relating to IPR, seed traceability, support to private seed industry R&D, incentivizing the private seed industry for increased production of seeds of targeted crops/varieties, involving the seed industry in implementing government programmes on seed production and distribution and strengthening seed storage infrastructure. These are the suggested initiatives for enhancing the availability of quality seeds of oilseed crops.

Configuring and Coordinating End-to-end QoS for Emerging Storage Infrastructure

Modern data center storage systems are invariably networked to allow for consolidation and flexible management of storage. They also include high-performance storage devices based on flash or other emerging technologies, generally accessed through low-latency and high-throughput protocols such as Non-volatile Memory Express (NVMe) (or its derivatives) carried over the network. With the increasing complexity and data-centric nature of the applications, properly configuring the quality of service (QoS) for the storage path has become crucial for ensuring the desired application performance. Such QoS is substantially influenced by the QoS in the network path, in the access protocol, and in the storage device. In this article, we define a new transport-level QoS mechanism for the network segment and demonstrate how it can augment and coordinate with the access-level QoS mechanism defined for NVMe, and a similar QoS mechanism configured in the device. We show that the transport QoS mechanism not only provides the desired QoS to different classes of storage accesses but is also able to protect the access to the shared persistent memory devices located along with the storage but requiring much lower latency than storage. We demonstrate that a proper coordinated configuration of the three QoS’s on the path is crucial to achieve the desired differentiation, depending on where the bottlenecks appear.

Intercalation chemistry engineering strategy enabled high mass loading and ultrastable electrodes for High-Performance aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices

Aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices (AEESDs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage infrastructure due to their high affordability and safety. Developing electrodes with the merits of high energy density and long lifespan remains a challenging issue toward the practical application of AEESDs. Research attempts at electrode materials, nanostructure configuration, and electronic engineering show the limitations due to the inherent contradictions associated with thicker electrodes and ion-accessible kinetics. Herein, we propose an intercalation chemistry engineering strategy to enhance the electrolyte ion (de)intercalation behaviors during the electrochemical charge–discharge. To validate this strategy, the prototypical model of a high-mass-loading MnO2-based electrode is used with controlled intercalation of Na+ and H2O. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that an optimal content of Na+ and H2O on the MnO2-based electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance. Typically, the resultant electrode exhibits an impressive areal capacitance of 1551 mF/cm2 with a mass loading of 9.7 mg/cm2 (at 1 mA/cm2). Furthermore, the assembled full-cell with obtained MnO2-based electrode delivers a high energy density of 0.12 mWh/cm2 (at 20.02 mW/cm2) and ultra-high cycling stability with a capacitance retention percentage of 89.63 % (345 mF/cm2) even after 100,000 cycles (tested over 72 days).

Cost-optimal CO2 capture and transport infrastructure—A case study of Sweden

This work applies a mixed integer cost-minimisation model to identify cost-optimal carbon capture and storage (CCS) infrastructure systems. The modelling applies two types of incentives for CCS implementation: carbon pricing, and binding emissions budgets. Both incentive schemes are applied with and without accounting for CO2 capture from biogenic emissions sources. In the case of CO2 pricing, biogenic CO2 capture is implemented by letting each ton of biogenic CO2 captured generate value for the model equivalent to the cost of emitting one ton of fossil CO2. In the case of emissions budgets, biogenic CO2 capture is included by allowing the model to use both biogenic and fossil CO2 capture to stay within the budget. The main fossil and biogenic emissions sources in Swedish industry are used as a case study.The results show that incentivising carbon removal has a significant impact on the design and development of the cost optimal system for CCS if there are suitable biogenic emission sources available for implementing biogenic CO2 capture. The timing for investments in carbon capture is highly dependent on the discount rate - increasing the discount rate in the modelling from 5 % to 15 % delays the first investments in CO2 capture by three years. To facilitate technology development and timely implementation of CCS on biogenic and fossil sources, it is important to consider that inclusion of carbon dioxide removal into the policy regime controlling fossil fuel emissions, might result in that the cost optimal strategy will be a delay in fossil fuel mitigation.

The Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time DP0.2 processing campaign at CC-IN2P3

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, currently in construction in Chile, will start performing the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in 2025 for 10 years. Its 8.4-meter telescope will survey the southern sky in less than 4 nights in six optical bands, and repeatedly generate about 2 000 exposures per night, corresponding to a data volume of about 20 TiB every night. Three data facilities are preparing to contribute to the production of the annual data releases: the US Data Facility will process 35% of the raw data, the UK data facility will process 25% of the raw data and the French data facility, operated by CC-IN2P3, will locally process the remaining 40% of the raw data.In the context of the Data Preview 0.2 (DP0.2), the Data Release Production pipelines have been executed on the DC-2 simulated dataset (generated by the Dark Energy Science Collaboration, DESC). This dataset includes 20 000 simulated exposures, representing 300 square degrees of Rubin images with a typical depth of 5 years.DP0.2 ran at the Interim Data Facility (based on Google cloud), and the full exercise was independently replicated at CC-IN2P3. During this exercise, 3 PiB of data and more than 200 million files were produced. In this contribution we will present a detailed description of the system that we set up to perform this processing campaign using CC-IN2P3’s computing and storage infrastructure. Several topics will be addressed: workflow generation and execution, batch job submission, memory and I/O requirements, etc. We will focus on the issues that arose during this campaign and how we addressed them and will present some perspectives after this exercise.

Losses after Harvesting and Management

It is widely recognized that postharvest losses in agriculture have a significant impact on the sustainability and security of the world’s food supply. This essay aims to investigate the reasons behind these losses, their effects, and possible solutions. Several factors, such as insufficient infrastructure, inadequate storage facilities, improper handling procedures, and limited market access, are analyzed as potential causes of postharvest losses. The discussion primarily focuses on the negative consequences of these losses on farmers’ livelihoods, food supply, and resource utilization, as well as the economic, environmental, and social implications. The paper suggests several strategies to minimize postharvest losses, including strengthening value chains, promoting appropriate technology for processing and storage, enhancing farmer education and training, and upgrading transportation and storage infrastructure. Additionally, the significance of market processes and policy interventions in reducing losses is highlighted. By reducing postharvest agricultural losses, it is expected that food security, resource efficiency, and sustainable development will be improved.

Inventory Management Performance for Tracer Medicines in Public Health Facilities of Southwest Shewa Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A mixed study.

Tracer medicines are medicines that must be available in sufficient quantities at all times to satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. Inventory mismanagement of these medicines poses significant challenges to public health systems, especially in countries like Ethiopia, where access to healthcare services is already limited. This study aims to assess inventory management performance for tracer medicines at public health facilities of the southwest Shewa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Concurrent triangulation mixed-method study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2022. The quantitative data were collected using interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaires and observational checklists. The qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants. The quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 and Excel spreadsheet version 16. We calculated the stock-out rate, inventory accuracy rate, percentage of facilities that fulfill appropriate storage conditions, percentage of facilities that submitted reports on time, and received the exact quantity of drugs they ordered. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using the thematic content analysis technique. The inventory accuracy rate for tracer medicines was 76% for hospitals and 72.5% for health centers. The overall mean stock-out rate was 24.99%. Bin card updating practice was 93.3%, and only 25% health facilities met the acceptable storage conditions criteria. Among submitted reports, 88.8% were timely reported, 72.2% were accurate, and 75% were complete. Inventory management challenges include a shortage of supplies from the supplier and in the market, price inflation, inadequate training, lack of supportive supervision, insufficient IT and storage infrastructures, lack of communication, and budget constraints. From this finding, we concluded that facilities' report quality, inventory record accuracy, storage conditions, and logistics management information system needs improvements. Therefore, Ministry of Health, assessed facilities and Ethiopian pharmaceuticals Supply Services should take measures to improve them.

Factors Affecting Cashew Transportation Methods in Reducing Costs and Product Losses

This study examines the factors affecting cashew transportation methods to reduce costs and product losses in Vietnam's cashew industry. Using panel data from 2005-2020 and gravity model regression analysis, the research investigates the impact of production scale, consumption demand, geographical distance, transportation infrastructure, costs, time, and storage conditions on cashew transportation efficiency. The results show that transportation costs, time, and distance have strong negative effects, while storage conditions, infrastructure, and production scale positively influence transportation efficiency. Consumption demand from the EU market also plays a significant role in improving transportation methods. The study suggests that businesses should optimize costs, reduce delivery time, invest in modern storage and packaging systems, and leverage production scale and infrastructure to enhance competitiveness. Government support through infrastructure development, favorable policies, and market information access is crucial for the sustainable growth of Vietnam's cashew industry. The findings contribute to understanding factors affecting cashew transportation and provide practical recommendations for industry stakeholders.

Cloud-Based Framework for Data Exchange to Enhance Global Healthcare

Healthcare is a global pillar, with a surge in the adoption of information technology, particularly in hospital information systems (HIS). However, global protocols are needed to meet the growing demand for data interchange, practical implementations for sharing healthcare data among facilities, and a pressing need for processing and storage infrastructure to handle the escalating volume of healthcare data. This study proposes a solution for efficient data transmission using electronic health records (EHR) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) to leverage cloud computing resources. This framework's architecture boasts robustness and adaptability, providing all registered software programs access to data interchange services. Through a comprehensive examination of the framework's structure, the essay also explores the most effective data-sharing methods. It identifies the healthcare system's optimal EHR data model. According to multiple healthcare experts, the operational building of this framework is expected to catalyze the growth of healthcare institutions both nationally and within specific industries.

Transition-metal ions intercalation chemistry enabled the manganese oxides-based cathode with enhanced capacity and cycle life for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) employing mild aqueous electrolytes are recognized for their high safety, cost-effectiveness, and scalability, rendering them promising candidates for large-scale energy storage infrastructure. However, the practical viability of AZIBs is notably impeded by their limited capacity and cycling stability, primarily attributed to sluggish cathode kinetics during electrochemical charge-discharge processes. This study proposes a transition-metal ion intercalation chemistry approach to augment the Zn2+ (de)intercalation dynamics using copper ions as prototypes. Electrochemical assessments reveal that the incorporation of Cu2+ into the host MnO2 lattice (denoted as MnO2-Cu) not only enhances the capacity performance owing to the additional redox activity of Cu2+ but also facilitates the kinetics of Zn2+ ion transport during charge-discharge cycles. Remarkably, the resulting AZIB employing the MnO2-Cu cathode exhibits a superior capacity of 429.4 mA h g-1 (at 0.1 A g-1) and maintains 50% capacity retention after 50 cycles, surpassing both pristine MnO2 (146.8 mA h g-1) and non-transition-metal ion-intercalated MnO2 (MnO2-Na, 198.5 mA h g-1). Through comprehensive electrochemical kinetics investigations, we elucidate that intercalated Cu2+ ions serve as mediators for interlayer stabilization and redox centers within the MnO2 host, enhancing capacity and cycling performance. The successful outcomes of this study underscore the potential of transition-metal ion intercalation strategies in advancing the development of high-performance cathodes for AZIBs.