This research presents a comprehensive investigation into a novel quaternary nanocomposite comprising graphene oxide (GO), samarium chromium oxide perovskite (SmCrO3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and tin dioxide (SnO2). The nanocomposite was synthesized using a modified Stöber method. In order to assess its potential applications in supercapacitors and UVC devices, an extensive analysis of its electrochemical and optical properties was conducted. The crystal structure and phase identification were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement with X'pert HighScore Plus software, confirming the successful formation of the nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided valuable insights into the structural morphology, while energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of constituent elements. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and Raman Spectroscopy elucidated the functional groups and chemical bonds, confirming the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. UV–Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed its strong UV radiation absorption and intensified fluorescence properties and confirming the band gap of SmCrO3 and GO/SmCrO3/SiO2/SnO2 quaternary nanocomposite as ∼5.4 eV and 4.84 eV respectively. The potential of nanocomposite potential as a supercapacitor material was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. Remarkably, the specific capacitance of the nanocomposite reached 253.75 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 10 mVs−1, and electrochemical surface area of 507 cm2, highlighting its exceptional charge storage capability and promising prospects for high-performance energy storage devices. This comprehensive study addresses a significant knowledge gap, providing a profound understanding of the electrochemical and optical behavior of the quaternary nanocomposite. The observed exceptional results underscore its suitability for supercapacitor applications and expected favorable material for UVC device technologies.