Stone Foundations Research Articles

Remains of a 12th-century structure and other medieval features on the Knoll of Castle Point, Troup (Cullykhan), Banff and Buchan

A possible circular timber building on a stone foundation dated to the late 12th century by coins and other artefacts including a bronze buckle-plate decorated with a dragon. Occupation on the site may have continued into the 14th century. AR

The Rural Settlements of Medieval England: Studies Dedicated to Maurice Beresford and John Hurst.

Figures Plates Introduction Part One: History and Geography 1. Early Medieval Estate and Settlement Patterns: The Documentary Evidence Della Hooke 2. Initiative and Authority in Settlement Change P. D. A. Harvey 3. `The Retreat from Marginal Land'. The Growth and Decline of Medieval Rural Settlements Christopher Dyer 4. Nucleation and Dispersion: Distribution Maps as a Research Tool Brian K. Roberts 5. The People in the Wolds in English Settlement History H. S. A. Fox Part 2: Fieldwork 6. A Regional Study of Deserted Settlements in the West of England Michael Aston 7. Grassy Hummocks and Stone Foundations: Fieldwork and Deserted Medieval Settlements in South-West Midlands, 1945 - 1985 C. J. Pond 8. The Archaeology of Medieval Rural Settlement in East Anglia Peter Wade-Martins 9. Medieval Settlement Remains and Historical Conservation David Baker 10. Alterations to Ridge and Furrow: Some Examples Illustrated D. R. Wilson 11. Field Systems and Township Structure David Hall 12. Whittlesford: The Study of a River-Edge Village C. C. Taylor Part 3: Excavation 13. The Excavation of Dispersed Settlement in Medieval Britain David Austin 14. Peasant Houses, Farmsteads and Villages in North-East England Stuart Wrathmell 15. Environmental Archaeology as an Index of Continuity and Change in the Medieval Landscape Martin Bell 16. Parachutists and Truffle-hunters at the Frontier of Archaeology and History Richard Hodges Index Contributors: P. D. A. Harvey, Christoper Dyer, Brian K. Roberts, H. S. A. Fox, Michael Aston, C. J. Bond, Peter Wade-Martins, David Baker, D. R. Wilson, David Hall, C. C. Taylor, David Austin, Stuart Wrathmell, Martin Bell, Richard Hodges.

函館旧英国領事館(大正2年)の建築について

This paper describes the former British Consulate in Hakodate based on our survey of the building and the several drawings obtained by courtesy of the Public Record Office, London. The consulate, now designated as one of the cultural properties of the city, was re-built in 1913 by the time the three predecessors had been burnt down by frequent fires. The first consulate was built in 1863 and destroyed in 1865, as the authors have alreday dealt with in another papers. The second, built by 1876, was a single-storied timber framed structure, with clinker sheeted on the outside of the wall, surrounding a courtyard. The third, built in about 1885, was also a single-storied brick bungalow residence erected on the stone foundations. And then the fourth, existing up to date, was completed in 1913 by the design of the H. B. M. Office of Works in Shanghai. The constructor was the Ohmura Gomei-kaisha. The existing building, of brick covered with white plaster, looks rather simple and solid, while at the north side five-arched veranda allows an open view towards the port. It has a U-shaped plan of one main building to the north and two rear appendix wings. The main building comprises a (vice-) consul's residence and offices, the east wing consists of the dormitory for a shipping clerk and a writer, and the west wing is for servants.

L'habitat de hauteur de Sainte-Propice (Velaux, B.-du-Rh.). L'occupation de l'Antiquité tardive

The Sainte-Propice hilltop settlement at Velaux (B.-du-Rh.). The Late Antiquity occupation. In the lower Arc valley, the Sainte-Propice plateau revealed a pre-Roman settlement, where later structures were built during the Late Antiquity period, and mainly in the northwestern extremity of the site. A limited excavation in this last zone enabled to unearth the stone foundations of a single dwelling. The article is mainly concerned with the analysis of the different types of pottery brought to light in the strata related to this habitation : clear Terra Sigillata D ceramic, sigillata -derived Early Christian ware, common pottery made of dark clay (local or imported). The explored house seem to have lasted a relatively short period, between the middle of the 5th to, at the latest, the middle of the 6th century A. D.

Big Stone Foundations: Manifest Meaning in Chipewyan Myths

Journal of American CultureVolume 8, Issue 1 p. 73-78 Big Stone Foundations: Manifest Meaning in Chipewyan Myths David M. Smith, David M. Smith Associate professor of Anthropology, Department of Sociology-Anthropology-Geography, University of Minnesota, DuluthSearch for more papers by this author David M. Smith, David M. Smith Associate professor of Anthropology, Department of Sociology-Anthropology-Geography, University of Minnesota, DuluthSearch for more papers by this author First published: Spring 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734X.1985.0801_73.xCitations: 12AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume8, Issue1Spring 1985Pages 73-78 RelatedInformation

The Vernacular Threshold of Northern Peasant Houses

AbstractFrom the 13th century onwards, medieval peasant houses were generally furnished with stone foundations. Yet they are usually supposed to have continued as 'impermanent' structures, able to survive only for decades. It is suggested here, on the basis of archaeological evidence from northern England, that such houses were in fact built to last for centuries; that they represent earlier generations of 'poor quality' permanent dwellings which have survived into recent times.

Budownictwo drewniane na grodzie raciąskim z drugiej połowy XIII wieku

Archaeological investigations af the stronghold at Raciąż, province of Bydgoszcz, have been conducted for the past nine years. The Raciąż stronghold is situated on Przyarcz Lake and it is now connected with the mainland by the narrow strip of the ground. Up to now some signifficant portion of the stronghold inner maidan was excavated and four complete houses as well as fragment of another one were uncovered. The area of the maidan is ca 2000 square meters. The stronghold, constructions are dated to the period between 1256 (a fire recorded in Kronika Wielkopolska – Great Polish Chronicle) and 1300 (last fire which definitely brought the stronghold existence to an end). The Raciąż houses were exceptionally big, 16-22 meters long and 7-10 meters wide. Such dimensions suggest that the houses must have consisted of many rooms, at least of two. As far as few wooden fragments indicate they were built in the laft construction as well as in the wattle coated with a clay one. Floors were mainly of clay, seldom of wood. Nearly in all cases the cellars were revealed underueath the houses, on average 3 x 3 meters dimension and f-a 1,60 to 1,80 meters deep. The cellars were dug under the floors in the central parts of the houses. Only in house nr 2, consisted of the smithy and dwelling room, the cellar was situated under the latter room. House nr 1 was probably constructed upon the stone foundation. It was the smallest object and its dimensions were 7 x 9 meters. It is reasonably suspected that it could be the several-floor construction, perhaps the dwelling tower. For it stood opposite to the entrance gate, on the another side of the maidan it could be the last defending point of the stronghold. In the Western part of the maidan a house with outbuilding was uncovered. It was the smithy with the two-room dwelling house. In the Eastern part two houses were standing. One was furnished with the domelike stove and with firebed interpreted as the kitchen-bakery. The other one had a separated porch or hallway. In the latter house the numerous bones lying in anatomical arrangement were found. It could be the tworoom (household and dwelling) house with separated dwelling part furnished with a hearth. Almost in all houses were found big quantities of burned corn| grains lying in regular concentrations. Therefore one can conclude that these were the stocks of corn held in the bags or in the large wooden vessels. In some houses the readible traces of consumption survived in the form of bones lying regularly along the walls. They perhaps do not highly attest to the contemporary hygiene. The furniture of the houses, consistig mainly of the objects typical for the stronghold garrison, then the lack of any handicraft workshop, except the smithy, emphasize the military nature of the Raciąż stronghold.

Simy Folds: An Early Medieval Settlement Site in Upper Teesdale, Co. Durham

EXCAVATIONS took place on the early medieval settlement of Simy Folds in Upper Teesdale, Co. Durham in 1976, 1979 and 1981 when three sites were examined. An adjacent peat bog was sampled and a radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram constructed. Each site consisted of the stone foundations of a single long narrow rectangular building with one or two small subrectangular buildings at right angles to it, arranged to enclose a yard. The sites lie within an extensive field system probably prehistoric in origin. One site produced evidence of iron smelting and smithing. There were no datable finds but radiocarbon determinations of the mid 8th century a.d. were obtained from charcoal from two buildings.

Przegląd budownictwa drewnianego na terenie Szwecji od okresu wędrówek ludów do wczesnego średniowiecza

Swedish excavations with preserved remnants of wooden architecture, known from the literature of the subject, constitute quite big materials basis. It allows to follow along a wider time-span changes which were occuring in the form and construction of housing units. At the time of migration of nations (400-500 A.D.) in Sweden prevail the so-called hall-houses, built on a rectangle plan. Their length amounts to 20-40 mts, but there can be met longer houses reaching 60 mts. Their width ranges from 8 to 10 mts. Shorter houses, with the length of 10-15 mts and width of 6 to 8 mts, are less numerous. All houses had stone foundations. The walls had plaited construction covered with clay. This form of construction was exerting an influence on the roof construction. There were preserved numerous holes in poles running parallelly in two rows, sporadically in four, in side the house along its longer axis. The roof was supported on them. The floor consisted of a layer of beaten ground or clay. More or less in the middle of the house there was standing a fire place although not each unit possessed it. A very characteristic featre was occurrence of houses with slightly arched longer walls.

Vasilikos Valley Project: Second Preliminary Report, 1977

During the summer of 1977 a second season of excavation and field survey was undertaken in the Vasilikos valley area of Larnaca District in southern Cyprus. Excavations at the aceramic and ceramic Neolithic site of Kalavasos-Tenta revealed an extensive curvilinear stone architectural complex on the top of the site consisting of a central circular house with two parallel outer ring walls. To the east of this complex, remains of well-preserved oval mud-brick buildings on stone foundations were encountered over an extensive area. On the southern slopes of the site other circular stone houses were excavated. Excavation also showed that the most extensive wall excavated by P. Dikaios is preserved to a much greater height than was thought in 1976. A trench in the ceramic area of the site revealed only a water-laid deposit of very friable, heavily encrusted sherds. The aceramic artifactual yield continues to resemble that of the nearby site of Khirokitia with a few clear differences. A small number of obsidian blades provides evidence of contact with the Anatolian mainland. 14C determinations suggest the dating of the aceramic phase of the site to the second half of the 6th millennium B.C., but two 7th millennium dates (earlier than any previously obtained in Cyprus) remain to be explained.The field survey of the valley in which Tenta is located has revealed extensive occupation in most phases of Cypriote prehistory and history. The lack of later Chalcolithic and earlier Early Bronze Age material remains to be investigated. The Middle Bronze Age seems to mark the apogee of prehistoric settlement. Sites of all periods through the Mediaeval are being recorded in order to compile data on the settlement system of the valley throughout the various phases of its occupation.Preliminary specialist studies are included concerning ceramics, lithics, flora, fauna, geographical, geologic, and ethnographic aspects of the project.

Romano-British Villas from the Air

N Britain air-photography has proved to be one of the more important tools of the historian and archaeologist working in the Roman period. The principal results of aerial reconnaissance since 1945 have been described in a notable series of papers by the writer's colleague, Professor J. K. St. Joseph, published in the Journal of Roman Studies.' Most of the discoveries reported had been made on flights sponsored by the Committee for Aerial Photography of the University of Cambridge. A fuller treatment of the photography of walled towns has also appeared;z the present paper likewise is devoted to a single class of site in greater detail than is feasible in a periodic general review. Some of the sites to be described are hitherto unpublished; others, previously noted in brief, now receive a more extended commentary.3 Roman villas are numerous in Britain,4 but are relatively seldom detected from the air. Positive identification of a previously unsuspected site calls for the recognition of at least one building, whether of stone or timber, whose plan is distinctively Roman. Only in the most favourable conditions do crop-marks afford detail of the quality required. The post-holes and narrow foundation-slots of timber houses are only revealed by crop-marks of particular fineness and clarity, and their delicate traces are all too easily lost in a damaged, mottled or windblown crop. The lines of stunted growth produced by stone foundations are normally slow to appear, and it may take conditions of drought to bring out enough of a building's plan to establish its character beyond doubt. On a site already identified by fieldwork and provisionally dated to the Roman period the criteria are less stringent. It may be sufficient to observe in a bare field the vague shapes assumed by areas of building debris pulled to the surface by the plough. Again, the crop-marks of a rectangular enclosure-ditch could be supposed to mark the nucleus of a known villa whose actual buildings remained unseen. Yet even on known villa-sites apparently suitable crops can yield no information for years together. One of the ways in which this can come about is well illustrated by the site at Welton Wold (East Yorks., SE 972282), where a small corridor-house was exposed during emergency excavations on the edge of a large chalk quarry.5 Continued ploughing had removed all remains above the

A description of its present condition and its course

The Ptolemais aqueduct is of a type common in the ancient world. It consists of a concrete channel, several layers thick, though this seems to vary (see Pl. XIVa and sections), which is set in a framework of roughly-dressed, mortared stone. The channel itself rests in a bed of mortar which in turn is based either on stone foundations or the Gebel bed rock (see Pl. XIII and sections). The upper surface of the supporting framework was cemented on each side like the channel itself. Throughout the aqueduct's length the channel width varies considerably, but averages about 0·40 m.The country through which the aqueduct passes on the north side of the Gebel Akhdar is arid, stony and covered with often dense scrub. A series of wadis running from the Gebel to the sea cuts the twenty-four kilometres between Wadi Habbun, where the aqueduct begins its course, and Tolmeita where it completes it. To carry the water for Ptolemais over these wadis bridges were constructed.The condition of the aqueduct varies throughout its length. In some places, such as between Wadis Habbun and El-Meleca, it runs continuously for over one kilometre, but for the same distance on the east side of Sidi Belgasem it cannot be traced. Some pieces of it are complete and with only minor repairs would be ready for use but in other places only the channel or stone framework remain. Nevertheless it is possible to follow the aqueduct's course from Wadi Habbun to the city walls of Ptolemais. Only its actual source in Wadi Habbun, its course in Wadi El-Meleca, and in Wadi El Rumman, and its disappearance at the city walls raise questions as yet unanswered.

Some orientational influences of nonvisual, terrestrial electromagnetic fields.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 188, Issue 1 p. 224-241 SOME ORIENTATIONAL INFLUENCES OF NONVISUAL, TERRESTRIAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS* Frank A. Brown Jr., Frank A. Brown Jr. Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. 62201Search for more papers by this author Frank A. Brown Jr., Frank A. Brown Jr. Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. 62201Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1971 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb13101.xCitations: 19 * This program was supported by a grant from the W. Clement and Jessie V. Stone Foundation, and by Biomedical Sciences Support grant no. FR-07028 from the National Institutes of Health. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume188, Issue1Orientation: Sensory BasisDecember 1971Pages 224-241 RelatedInformation

ハジャル・ビン・フメイドの発掘について

In 1950 and 1951 the American Foundation for the Study of Man sent archaeological expeditions to Wadi Beihân in South Arabia which was once dominated by the Qatabanian Kingdom. During the expeditions, a small mound called Hajar Bin Humeid was excavated, and its report was published in 1969 under the title of “Hajar Bin Humeid: Investigations at a Pre-Islamic Site in South Arabia”. The reporter is Gus W. Van Beek.This excavation was made mainly for the purpose of establishing a ceramic chronology for South Arabia. For this purpose a small area of the west side of the mound was selected, and dug down to the virgin soil, and eighteen strata or so from A to S were found together with many building remains, potsherds, and other artifacts.From the lowest stratum S to stratum L, most structures were found to be built of mud brick without stone foundations and few changes could be seen in their alignments. In stratum K, however, the old town plan disappeared, and at the same time stone began to be used for structure foundations. In stratum G the exterior walls of buildings consisted of three or more courses of blocks and superstructure of mud brick. Then, in stratum C ahlar masonry began to be used, the technique of which was also seen in the uppermost stratum of Timna, the capital of Qatabân.As for pottery, the most obvious aspects are its paucity and primitiveness. For instance, the potters of this site were consistently fond of using straw as tempering material, the technique of which had already been abandoned in other parts of the Near East in the third millenium B. C. Pottery unearthed was classified according to four categories, that is, choice of tempering materials (straw, steatite, mixed lithography, and sand), surface coating (slip and wash), surface finish (burnishing), and surface decoration (incised and painted). Pottery, thus classified, shows different aspects in various strata, and this difference is especially remarkable in stratum C. From this difference and that in the masonry technique mentioned above, the reporter assumes that there might be a gap of fifty or a hundred years between strata D and C.Though it shows many peculiarities of its own, the pottery of this mound also includes a number of finishing styles and decorative motifs which are parallel and must be contemporary with developments in Syria and other parts of Orient. By comparing the pottery with those of the northern districts, dating of the strata of this site is possible to a certain extent, especially of the earlier strata. Besides these ceramic similarities, radiocarbon tests as well as glass, stone, bronze, iron, and other objects also give some clues to the chronology. From these materials, it is presumed that this site had been occupied by peasants for about fifteen hundred years from the end of the second millenium B. C. to the fourth or fifth century A. D.

Excavations at Gawber Glasshouse, near Barnsley, Yorkshire

AbstractFrom about 1700 until 1821 clear window glass and clear and coloured bottle glass was being produced at Gawber (N.G.R. SE/327076), two miles north-west of Barnsley, Yorkshire. Knowledge of the early period was limited to a ruined clay furnace, coal fired and probably producing only clear glass. The 18th-/19th-century glasshouse, built during a reconstruction in the 1730s, overlay this furnace and comprised a brick cone on a stone foundation surrounding a central hearth fed by three air intakes which, with the associated lear and raw material store, formed the major part of the works. Detached from the cone and separated by a roadway was a compound containing cullet preparation area and workshops around which waste material had been dumped. Production in the later period concentrated on phials and wine bottles in clear, green and dark brown metal, often incorporating seals. The furnace was coal fired and the metal prepared in open pots. The site was sold in 1821 and the cone demolished. The evidenc...

Excavations at the Medieval Village of Wythemail, Northamptonshire

EXCAVATION of a single enclosure revealed a sequence from early 13th-century timber buildings to structures with stone foundations, or completely stone-built, in the later 13th and 14th centuries. A two-roomed long-house was replaced by a more complex four-roomed long-house built on a different alignment. Also in the enclosure were a sequence of six outbuildings rebuilt in various positions. In the 13th century there were changes in property boundaries and in the 14th century a road was cut obliquely across the enclosure leading to fundamental changes in planning. Evidence for climatic deterioration was given by the increasing use of drains and of paved and cobbled surfaces in the early 14th century. Finds included metal objects, animal bones, local shelly pottery, and 12th- to 14th-century sherds from Lincolnshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire.

An Expedition in Arnhem Land in 1928

throughout the rest of the day. On these lakes and their connecting streams water was beginning to show on top of the ice, a fact which enabled us to dispense almost entirely with the use of fuel. A short stop was made at each of two native camps which were encountered along our trail. The natives reported themselves as three days out from the trading post, but as they move very leisurely this did not necessarily mean that it was any great distance. It was their intention to remain there for several days, during which time they hoped to secure enough meat, chiefly marmot, to ration them across Com? mittee Bay. After having travelled fifteen hours with the coast-line not yet in sight we built a rough snow and canvas shelter, where we spent the night. The next day our trail lay along the chain of lakes which had been our guide on the previous day. This watercourse discharges into the extreme western end of Repulse Bay, a small rocky hill immediately adjoining its mouth on the north being the site of the winter quarters used by Dr. Rae of the Hudson's Bay Company more than seventy years ago. The stone foundations of his building are still intact. After reaching the salt-water ice the north coast-line of Repulse Bay was followed in an easterly direction for 12 miles, when the Hudson's Bay Company and Revillon Freres fur posts were reached, and we were once again in touch with civilization.

Account of the Excavations on Traprain Law during the Summer of 1923

The results of a further season of excavation are summarised. Features included hearths, paved areas and stone foundations. The main focus of the article is on the artefacts of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman date. The latter include brooches, pins, dress fasteners, glass and jet armlets and beads.

Report of the Excavation on Traprain Law in the Summer of 1919

Further excavation on the higher levels revealed stone foundations for turf walls, and hearths representing successive periods of occupation. The artefacts are described and illustrated in detail. Early activity is represented by two stone axes and a few Bronze Age objects. Personal items from the main period of occupation include brooches, rings, glass beads, glass and shale armlets, and clasps. Harness mountings, terrets, iron tools, spearheads, coins and pottery. The discovery of a hoard of Roman silver plate is particularly noteworthy. It included bowls, cups, spoons, a miscellaneous collection of pieces of plate and four coins which suggest a date in the early fifth century. Certain of the pieces have a religious character and all are described in detail. The hoard is provisionally interpreted as spoils from a variety of European locations.

Some Recent Discoveries on the Line of the Antonine Wall

It has been possible to map out the actual line of the Roman frontier for many miles with very substantial accuracy. While the dimensions of the stone foundation are fairly constant, the ditch varied somewhat in breadth, as also, and to a much greater extent, did its distance from the northern face of the wall. The results of new excavation aimed at targeting gaps in existing knowledge are presented in three sections: Old Kilpatrick to Duntocher, Bamuildy to Cadder and Falkirk to Inveravon. Particular attention is paid to the discovery of a kiln at Mumrills.