Stone Bridge Research Articles

Determination of weathered degree and mechanical properties of stone relics with ultrasonic CT: A case study of an ancient stone bridge in China

A lot of cultural heritages in the world made up of or supported by stones are damaged seriously because of long-term weathering. It is necessary to assess the weathered degrees and stabilities of these heritages. In this paper, a procedure to assess the weathered degrees and stabilities of stone relics was put forward on the base of ultrasonic CT techniques. The procedure was applied to an ancient stone bridge in eastern China, Guyue Bridge constructed about 820 years ago. Firstly, P-wave velocity distribution profiles of stone ashlars of the bridge were obtained with ultrasonic CT techniques. Secondly, according to velocity ratio of the in situ P-wave velocities of the stone ashlars to the P-wave velocity of the fresh rock specimens of the same lithology with those of the stone ashlars, the weathered degrees of the stone ashlars were determined. Finally, the same rock specimens with different weathered degree, which were collected from a quarry near the historic bridge, were tested to get their P-wave velocities, UCS and elastic moduli, and the relations between the P-wave velocity and these mechanical properties were put forward. On the base of these relations, the mechanical property distributions of the detected stones could be obtained. In this study, two vertical sections of an ashlar in the historic stone bridge were detected by the assessment procedure. According to the assessment results, the two cross sections have different weathered degrees because of different stress states: higher weathered degree and lower compressive strength present to the section near the joint connecting two stone ashlars, where pressive stress is much stronger than that of the section far away from the joint. Correspondingly, the higher weathered section had worse physical and mechanical properties, which would be the key location for the stability of the old bridge.

GEOMATICS IN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING, INTEGRATING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES AND GEOTECHNICAL INSPECTIONS ON A HIGH VALUE CULTURAL HERITAGE

Abstract. The paper presents preliminary findings from a research study designed to assess the health status of a medieval bridge built on 1500 under the Medici dynasty over the river Sieve, close to Florence. The structure, a two span stone bridge with a main central pillar, experienced some restructuring interventions from 1555 to the present. The left span has been closed for some decades, and for many years the water has been allowed to float under it in case of severe flood only. At the beginning of year 2000 the left span has been opened to the regular flux of water. After opening, a maelstrom has been noticed as permanently present at the main pier’s basis highlighting the presence of a fracture in the concrete base around the central pile of the bridge. In order to investigate structural health and to assess bridge’s stability structural inspections and hydraulic surveys have been carried out. This manuscript reports Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) survey results. Surface comparisons to identify anomalies and defromations have been carried out by exploiting Two TLS campaigns that were performed within a 6 years time span.

Puentes que me ayudaron a entender y diseñar

El presente artículo es un relato de cómo diferentes puentes construidos a lo largo de la historia han influido en el autor y le han marcado a la hora de entender y diseñar los suyos como autor. 
 
 El recorrido comienza con los puentes de piedra como el de Alcántara o el Pont du gard, pasa después por acueductos como el de Segovia, sigue con los puentes de los siglos XVIII y XIX de los constructores franceses para llegar a los puentes metálicos, en celosía, etc.
 
 Finalmente se analizan puentes de hormigón de autores tan importantes como Torroja, Fernández Casado, Maillart o Freyssinet a quién dedica un apartado especial, así como a los “alemanes” de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. 
 
 Termina el autor diciendo “Yo creo que es muy bueno copiar bien y yo recomiendo esta práctica a todos los que empiezan en este precioso oficio, diseñar y construir puentes”.

The Plaka Bridge in Epirus: An Evaluation of New Building Materials for Its Restoration

The sustainable preservation of monuments requires the use of performing materials which are at the same time compatible with the monument’s historical building materials to ensure structural integrity, adequate performance of the structure in earthquake stresses, and resilience of both restoration and historical materials. This is especially true for cultural heritage assets that have experienced major destruction, demanding extensive reconstruction. The Plaka Bridge in Epirus, Greece, partially collapsed after a heavy rainfall in 2015. It was a supreme example of traditional stone bridge architecture of the region and an important landmark. In the present study, a potential restoration stone from a nearby quarry was examined in terms of compatibility in relation to the dominant historical building stone of the bridge, as well as in terms of mechanical performance, through a variety of in lab techniques. In addition, criteria were set for restoration mortars, taking into account the characteristics of the historical materials, as well as the environment of the bridge. The results of the study regarding the restoration stone and mortars are presented and assessed, in order to select the most appropriate restoration materials for Plaka Bridge in its upcoming restoration, aiming to enhance the overall resilience of the structure.

Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) Applied to A Stone Bridge

Certain historical works of civil engineering should be preserved as heritage monuments and when possible should continue serving the function they were designed for. Old stone bridges could be sustainably maintained but their conservation requires accurate documentation. In this study, we have scanned Ízbor bridge (1860) in Spain, and to facilitate conservation, we have modeled the ancient bridge using BIM (building information modeling). We propose a method and a model for this kind of bridge to be used as a reference for similar heritage monuments. Ízbor bridge modeled in this way will be useful for government planning and conservation agencies.

THE INVESTIGATION OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND MATERIAL USAGE OF HISTORICAL STONE BRIDGES IN ANATOLIA AND BALKANS

Aim: Historical bridges are important because of their construction techniques and historical heritage. Historical bridges must remain intact for many years. Therefore, material properties and construction techniques have to be known for their correct restorations. In this study, the bridges built between the Roman period and the end of the Ottoman period in Anatolia and the Balkans were investigated comparatively. The data obtained from this study is intended to provide a source for conservation applications. Method: In this study, related articles, books and archives were used. The stone bridges from the Roman period till the end of the Ottoman period are investigated in terms of their historical developments, alterations, material usages, construction techniques and structural properties. Findings: It has been determined that every period has specific characteristics. The timber pile system used in the construction of the Roman bridge and the use of iron clamps are also seen in the Seljuk and Ottoman bridges. In addition, it was observed that as you get closer to the present day both stone size decreased and workmanship's cares goes down. Conclusion: The construction techniques and materials were investigated from the Roman period till the end of the Ottoman period. Researches have shown that bridges have survived to the present day due to the application of rational solutions in the construction of bridges. The use of timber in bridge constructions and the reduction of shear stresses caused by weight loads also contributed positively to the effects of earthquakes. The use of iron elements ensures that the arches and foundations remain intact.

On Harmony

On Harmony Lauren Camp (bio) Train stops and labneh and the grim little sun and our clappingall morning and later we slicked down to righteousdance moves, pink greasy boxes of dough. Some would say we were not divine between us but we hummed our shared holyfamily in a quarry of folding chairs. One hour skimmedto another and they were not forbidden, or clarified with reason, but the ache of the olives and responsesrendered in timbal, qanun, tarub, the oud, and the sounds againof distress and truth. Darwish said "Nothing is harder…than the smell of dreams, while they're evaporating." On those days we dressedin our blacks and thick tongues, and the narrativewe offered was not an acceptance, a raging. We wanted to forget to kneel. We spent the days linked to our divisionsof oppression and we fixed to the matterof beginning. Every thought claimed five wounds. Dresses loose with their fine threads, red and lime,wheat gold. Outside, a stone bridge watched the great riverweeping, a mother sang to her baby. My taste in the mouth of this crowd. Habibi, our losses, and most of us rustlingour arrows beneath them. Five times a day we ate all the oilysweetness with our vigorous fingers, our tongues moving to cumin and cream, and we passed from news to a chapelof pita, to portions of dusk, our ghosts and marginal angers.I took 48 photos of shadows in quick succession, thinking one better than another, and saw in each photoa lapse to spot evidence. I deleted themfrom my memory which wanted not to hunger [End Page 7] for these compulsions, statistics. We were taughtso many instances to doubt, but the light came alongsinging and we joined it, taking its melody as apology. [End Page 8] Lauren Camp Lauren Camp's newest book is Turquoise Door: Finding Mabel Dodge Luhan in New Mexico (3: A Taos Press, 2018). Her third book, One Hundred Hungers (Tupelo Press, 2016), won the Dorset Prize and was named a finalist for the Arab American Book Award. She is a Senior Fellow at the Black Earth Institute. Copyright © 2019 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

The Determination of Deteriorations on the Mısırlıoğlu Bridge (Konya, Turkey) by Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT)

Transportation has been one of the basic requirements of humanity since the earliest periods of civilization. One of the architectural structures designed to meet this requirement is historic stone bridges. One of the most important stages in these conservation works is the assessment of materials that constitute the structures. Non-destructive testing techniques (NDT) are widely used to obtain qualitative data and also make comparisons. In this study, it was aimed to determine deteriorations on the Misirlioglu Bridge located in Sille settlement of Konya by NDT technique and to form the map from obtained values to perform conservation works. As a result of the analyses performed, considerable deteriorations in the building stones used in the abutments and arches of the structure were determined. Besides, it is detected that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) value of the fresh samples is high (UCS: 61 MPa) while UCS values of the building stones used at the bridge decrease in the range of low and high (8-51 MPa) due to the atmospheric effects.

Selected Ancient Stone Bridges with Corbelled False-Arch Structure

The oldest man-made false-arch stone bridges are presented and briefly described. It is shown that this construction technique was based on the experiences of the first builders, formed at the junction of ancient Egyptian, Mycenaean as well as Assyrian and Babylonian cultures. Arches in such bridges have not yet been constructed in a classical manner, i.e. one that was later prevalent by the Romans, but these were only the primitive arch-like structures, with a false needle vault, that were shaped mainly by corbelling. This type of the structure, if it was used in bridges, turned out to be much more stable than the well-known at that time and commonly used in gateway passages oval “true-arch” built from sun-dried mud bricks.

Dwie powieści Aleksandra Tierechowa – czyli o tym, jak książka może być jednocześnie wciągająca i nieprzyjemna

The article discusses two novels of modern Russian writer Aleksandr Terekhov – Каменный мост (Stone Bridge) and Немцы (Germans). The main aim of the article is trying to find the answer to a question how a book can be riveting and unsavory at the same time. Both books were appreciated by readers and critics and won literary awards – first in 2009 and the second in 2012. Both are very difficult to read because of the author’s specific style – combination of realistic message with modernist stream of consciousness. The writer’s style comprises also a great dose of cynicism and poisonous irony. The first novel is a sort of a journalist’s investigation and concerns the tragic accident from the Stalinist past. The second can be called a pastiche of an occupational novel and a critical look at the corruption in clerical system in Russia.

Brücken über das Goldene Horn

Abstract Recently, M. Hurbanič had claimed in an essay that there was only one stone bridge over the Golden Horn. Consequently, he considered the several names which were mentioned in the Byzantine sources (Justinian, Kallinikos, Panteleimon and Camel Bridge) as the names of the same bridge. However, according to Ibn Battuta, who stayed in Constantinople in 1334, the former stone bridge over the Golden Horn was destroyed a long time before his visit. This construction must have been collapsed at an unknown time after 1204. On the other hand, the name Camel Bridge appears in the sources only from the end of the 13th century and for the last time in 1343. This new bridge, which was unknown to Ibn Battuta, is depicted on a veduta of Constantinople-Istanbul (Düsseldorf, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, G 13, fol. 54r, ca. 1485/90) with the inscription pons despine. It is the same bridge which is depicted in the Vatican “Epithalamion” (Vat. gr. 1851, fol. 3v). Although the date of the manuscript is being controversially discussed at present, I agree with the scholars who date it in the Palaiologan era. The bridge on fol. 3v marks the place where a foreign imperial bride (presumably Maria-Kyratza of Bulgaria, the bride of Andronikos IV Palaiologos, who entered Constantinople by ship in 1346) is received by court ladies, and is already dressed in the robe of an Augusta (ῥωμαικὸν δεσποινικὸν ἱμάτιον). The name pons despine is without doubt the Latin translation of γέφυρα τῆς δεσποίνης. The bridge on both illustrations must be located further north of the Kosmidion at the narrowest point of the Golden Horn near modern district Silâhtarağa. In future discussions on the date of the Vatican “Epithalamion”, the pons despine in the Düsseldorf manuscript should be taken into account since it owes its name to the reception of an imperial bride (δέσποινης νύμφη). This event must have taken place in the Palaiologan period near the Camel Bridge, the only still existing bridge over the Golden Horn in 1343, 1346 and 1485/90.

BRIDGES AND FERRIES AS OBJECTS OF DISPUTE AND CRIME LOCATIONS AMONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY NOBLES OF VILNIUS DISTRICT

Bridges and ferries, as objects of dispute and crime locations among the eighteenth century nobles of Vilnius district, is the main topic of research in this article. Case materials and auxiliary documents from the records of Vilnius district castle and land courts reveal how often bridges are mentioned in the court processes in both violent and non-violent crimes. Research explores what types of violent crimes took place on bridges or ferries most often. It also works on questions of geographic localisation and statistics, discussing general situation of bridges in Vilnius and its neighbouring areas in the eighteenth century. Bridges are regularly mentioned in the books of the eighteenth century Vilnius castle and land courts, albeit most references are not related to conflicts and bridges are mentioned as orientation marks or in reference to location of a real estate object. Both non-violent legal disputes, involving bridges as objects, and violent crimes on the bridges were not in multitude, however non-violent crimes were in smaller numbers. There were seven dispute cases about lands, properties and plots of land where bridges and ferries are mentioned. Non-violent conflicts mostly took place in rural areas of the district, four of them, and three such disputes happened in Vilnius (one on the Green Bridge and two on the bridges over the River Vilnia). Most commonly recorded violent crime on a bridge was beating and, since this was the most common type of crime perpetrated by nobles in the eighteenth century Vilnius district, this trend is logical. A bridge is once mentioned in the record about a raid. In terms of location, more crimes on the bridges took place in the rural space, although this particular space wasn’t dominant, since six crimes were reported in the province and five in the city – two in Vilnius on the Green (Stone) Bridge, two on the bridges over the River Vilnia and one on a ferry near Šnipiškės. Trends in crime locations match general crime tendencies in Vilnius district, where more crimes took place in the rural space than in the urban one. One may guess, that the rare mention of bridges partially testifies to the fact that in the eighteenth century Vilnius district level of communication was not high and there were not too many bridges. On the other hand, when assessing trends in violent crimes in Vilnius district it was revealed that bridge based crimes comprised only one percent of all crimes. Having in mind that bridge is a relatively small object, compared to several different or other urban and rural spaces, this number isn’t that small. Keywords: Vilnius district, castle court, land court, crimes, nobles, peasants, bridges, ferries, passings.

Near- and far-field earthquake damage study of the Konitsa stone arch bridge

This paper reports on the sensitivity of earthquake response and damage of long span masonry stone bridges to near field (impulsive type) and far field earthquakes. Towards that objective, the Konitsa Bridge is used as a case study. The particular bridge was selected for offering certain unique features such as long span, built right on an active fault, survived a recent pair of near-filed type earthquakes with minimal damage and finally, construction material mechanical properties and strength could be deduced from a recently collapsed similar bridge in the area. The multifaceted study integrated in-situ measurements of dynamic characteristics, laboratory tests on representative stone and mortar materials and a series of finite-element analyses based on non-linear modelling using a combination of discontinuous and continuous representations to capture the behavior of bridge structural component interface and interaction as well as mortar-stone interaction and failure. In addition to the ground motion records of the recent seismic activity at the Konitsa Bridge location, four additional earthquake records representing near-field and far-field families were utilized to assess the stone bridge sensitivity. The study revealed that far-field earthquakes are far more destructive than near-field counterparts, a finding in full agreement with studies on near field earthquake effects on nuclear structures. The applicability of earthquake damage indicators such as CAV, Arias intensity and energy rate, typically used for conventional and nuclear structures, was evaluated based on the numerical analysis results.

Dynamic Behavior Characteristics According to Arch Types of Arched Stone Bridge Subjected to Seismic Load

Dynamic Behavior Characteristics According to Arch Types of Arched Stone Bridge Subjected to Seismic Load

The wooden foundations of Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) in Venice: Technological characterisation and dating

Abstract The wooden foundations of Ponte di Rialto (Rialto Bridge), the oldest and most famous of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy, were analysed in order to determine the tree species used to construct the foundation, to examine the timber's present-day physical and mechanical properties and to identify construction periods. The material recovered during geotechnical surveys underwent micro-morphological, physical, chemical and mechanical analyses. The radiocarbon method was used for dating purposes. The footings of the bridge's foundations, mostly consisting of alder wood, were shown to be in good overall condition generally. A comparison of normal and polarised light images of wooden cross-sections showed abundant crystalline cellulose within the cell walls, indicating that the state of conservation of the waterlogged samples is very close to that of sound alder wood. Only one alder sample showed signs of severe bacterial attack, mostly concentrated in the fibre cell walls. Radiocarbon dating identified two distinct construction periods. One sample dates to 1570 AD ± 85, whilst another dates to the year 960 AD ± 59. The later dating corresponds to the construction of the stone bridge that still exists today. The earlier period, around the year 1000, likely refers to the foundations of the first bridge, built after several pontoon bridges, and corresponding to the initial Ponte della Moneta.

Uso de los medios audiovisuales y su incidencia en la calidad educativa en el nivel inicial de la institución educativa N°608 Puente Piedra – Lima – Perú – 2011

La investigación científica que hemos realizado es básica, correlacional causal no experimental, los factores de estudio son dos: Uso de los medios audiovisuales y la calidad educativa en el Nivel Inicial de la Institución Educativa N° 608 – Puente Piedra – Lima. La muestra estuvo conformada por 24 docentes del Nivel Inicial de la Institución Educativa N° 608 de Puente Piedra. El diseño de la investigación es transemccional, correlacional, causal. bivariada, transversal. Para la recolección de datos se confeccionaron dos cuestionarios estructurados como medición y consta de dos aspectos: Uso de los medios audiovisuales y la calidad educativa propiamente dicha. Los instrumentos cumplen con las cualidades de validez y confiabilidad. El estudio plantea la siguiente hipótesis de investigación: El uso de los medios audiovisuales se relaciona significativamente con la calidad educativa en el Nivel Inicial de la Institución Educativa N° 608 – Puente Piedra – Lima.

Assessment of seismic behavior stone bridge using a finite element method and discrete element method

Seismic behavior of Osmanli and Senyuva stone bridges was addressed in this study. A combination of FEM and DEM was employed for getting closer to the real behavior of the bridge. One of the unique features of this combinational method is simulation close to reality. Modal numerical analysis was also used to verify the modeling. At the end of earthquake, a part of two lateral walls of Osmanli bridge was broken. The growth of arch cracks also increased during the earthquake. A part of right-hand wall of Senyuva Bridge was destructed during the earthquake. The left-hand side of the bridge wall was damaged during the earthquake but was not destructed.

City Profile: Nagoya, Japan

Notebook IT’S A RUNNING JOKE that Nagoya is the most boring city in Japan, and at first glance it seems like there’s some truth to it. It’s not the flashy Tokyo, the bustling merchant city of Osaka, or the shrine and temple-rich Kyoto, so it’s understandable that there isn’t the same tourist traffic. I would argue, however , that there’s more to the city than one could ever explore; it’s simply unassuming. Situated in the western part of Aichi Prefecture, some readers may recognize the city from the idyllic childhood of Haruki Murakami’s protagonist from Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. Despite being the third-largest city in the country, there’s a quietness about the city that seems at odds with the population size. Walking around the pristine streets is a peaceful experience. As with any city of its size, Nagoya has pockets that have their own distinct features and unique draws. Anyone who visits the city will likely end up in the downtown district of Sakae at some point, drawn to the vivid lights and tall buildings that stand out amidst the subtler suburban aesthetics that dominate the city. Nightlife thrives in Sakae, at least until the last train, at which point the streets empty into the subway. The glitter of Sakae slowly blends into another district: Osu, a shopping district with covered pathways meandering around the stores whose wares spill outside their shops. Numerous used bookstores pop up here and throughout the rest of the city. Metal racks in front of the stores carry countless pocket-sized novels, which you can see being read on nearly every single train in Japan. At any point during a walk around the city, you can step off of the street and dip into a small restaurant—many barely marked—where local specialties such as abura soba (oil buckwheat noodles) or tebasaki (Japanese-style fried chicken) will leave you barely able to move. Coming from the southern part of the United States, I couldn’t help but feel at home with the heavy fare. If you aren’t quite in the mood to commit to a meal, book cafés are a common sight around Nagoya. As the name suggests, you can sit down with a cup of coffee and freely read the books from their shelves. The city comes alive with festivals throughout the summer. For the Atsuta Festival , the quiet pathways of Atsuta Shrine’s grounds become packed shoulder to shoulder with people jostling for the attention of food vendors, hoping to get their hands on some takoyaki, fried balls of dough and octopus. Attendees are often clad in traditional summer robes called yukata, which flash in an array of vivid colors and patterns. Those in search of the more traditional culture of Japan need look no further than the Nagoya Noh Theater. There one can experience the oldest form of theater art still performed in Japan to this day, Noh. A form of drama focused on minimalist aesthetics, Noh utilizes slow, slight, and intentional movements in order to create pure expressions of emotion. Many Noh plays find their root in traditional Japanese literature, placing familiar stories in an entirely different dimension. Reid Bartholomew is a WLT intern studying writing and Japanese at the University of Oklahoma. When he isn’t writing, he finds himself working with the staff of The Aster Review, a student arts publication at OU. city profile Nagoya, Japan by Reid Bartholomew PHOTO: KINPI3/FLICKR WHAT TO READ ON THE NAGOYA SUBWAY Haruki Murakami Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage Trans. Philip Gabriel Vintage Books Sayaka Murata Convenience Store Woman Trans. Ginny Tapley Takemori Grove Press Shun Medoruma In the Woods of Memory Trans. Takuma Sminkey Stone Bridge Press Masatsugu Ono Lion Cross Point Trans. Angus Turvill Two Lines Press Mieko Kawakami Ms Ice Sandwich Trans. Louise Heal Kawai Pushkin Press WORLDLIT.ORG 5 ...

City Profile: Nagoya, Japan

Notebook IT’S A RUNNING JOKE that Nagoya is the most boring city in Japan, and at first glance it seems like there’s some truth to it. It’s not the flashy Tokyo, the bustling merchant city of Osaka, or the shrine and temple-rich Kyoto, so it’s understandable that there isn’t the same tourist traffic. I would argue, however , that there’s more to the city than one could ever explore; it’s simply unassuming. Situated in the western part of Aichi Prefecture, some readers may recognize the city from the idyllic childhood of Haruki Murakami’s protagonist from Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. Despite being the third-largest city in the country, there’s a quietness about the city that seems at odds with the population size. Walking around the pristine streets is a peaceful experience. As with any city of its size, Nagoya has pockets that have their own distinct features and unique draws. Anyone who visits the city will likely end up in the downtown district of Sakae at some point, drawn to the vivid lights and tall buildings that stand out amidst the subtler suburban aesthetics that dominate the city. Nightlife thrives in Sakae, at least until the last train, at which point the streets empty into the subway. The glitter of Sakae slowly blends into another district: Osu, a shopping district with covered pathways meandering around the stores whose wares spill outside their shops. Numerous used bookstores pop up here and throughout the rest of the city. Metal racks in front of the stores carry countless pocket-sized novels, which you can see being read on nearly every single train in Japan. At any point during a walk around the city, you can step off of the street and dip into a small restaurant—many barely marked—where local specialties such as abura soba (oil buckwheat noodles) or tebasaki (Japanese-style fried chicken) will leave you barely able to move. Coming from the southern part of the United States, I couldn’t help but feel at home with the heavy fare. If you aren’t quite in the mood to commit to a meal, book cafés are a common sight around Nagoya. As the name suggests, you can sit down with a cup of coffee and freely read the books from their shelves. The city comes alive with festivals throughout the summer. For the Atsuta Festival , the quiet pathways of Atsuta Shrine’s grounds become packed shoulder to shoulder with people jostling for the attention of food vendors, hoping to get their hands on some takoyaki, fried balls of dough and octopus. Attendees are often clad in traditional summer robes called yukata, which flash in an array of vivid colors and patterns. Those in search of the more traditional culture of Japan need look no further than the Nagoya Noh Theater. There one can experience the oldest form of theater art still performed in Japan to this day, Noh. A form of drama focused on minimalist aesthetics, Noh utilizes slow, slight, and intentional movements in order to create pure expressions of emotion. Many Noh plays find their root in traditional Japanese literature, placing familiar stories in an entirely different dimension. Reid Bartholomew is a WLT intern studying writing and Japanese at the University of Oklahoma. When he isn’t writing, he finds himself working with the staff of The Aster Review, a student arts publication at OU. city profile Nagoya, Japan by Reid Bartholomew PHOTO: KINPI3/FLICKR WHAT TO READ ON THE NAGOYA SUBWAY Haruki Murakami Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage Trans. Philip Gabriel Vintage Books Sayaka Murata Convenience Store Woman Trans. Ginny Tapley Takemori Grove Press Shun Medoruma In the Woods of Memory Trans. Takuma Sminkey Stone Bridge Press Masatsugu Ono Lion Cross Point Trans. Angus Turvill Two Lines Press Mieko Kawakami Ms Ice Sandwich Trans. Louise Heal Kawai Pushkin Press WORLDLIT.ORG 5 ...

Case Study - The Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic Bridge

During the research were discussed numerous aspects of management and maintenance of which are based on structural durability, reliability, risk management, integrity and service life with a special reference to the proposal consideration of the Maintenance Design the historic stone bridge (including monitoring). The purpose of researches is designed to assist in developing a basis for decision-making, and the purpose of the case study is to explain the importance of the introduction of advanced system maintenance and monitoring of historical Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic Bridge.