Stock Size Research Articles

Assessment of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology in Transport Logistics in Nigeria

The logistic technologies for effective and efficient ‘transport operations’ in the areas of stock tracking, machine tracking, workers tracking, time tracking, stock sizes and shape, location identification, and stock routing and schedule shipment are deficient in the Nigerian construction industry, when compared to manufacturing and retailing sectors which are known to have fully adopted the RFID technology in these operations for effective performance. This article assessed the benefits of RFID technology for transport logistic operations in the construction industry. Lagos State and the F.C.T. Abuja, Nigeria were the selected geographical study areas, from which 5 manufacturing companies, 5 retailing companies and 5 construction projects were purposively selected. Mixed methods research strategy was used. The research instruments included an observation guide (quantitative) and interviews (qualitative). The collected quantitative data were analysed, using descriptive analytical tools: frequencies and percentiles. The qualitative data was analysed, using the thematic method. The study found that 80% and 60% of the manufacturing and retailing sectors respectively, observed, adopted RFID technology for transportation processing operations. The study revealed further that, RFID technology was not utilised in construction for transportation purposes. It was found that the key benefits of utilising the RFID technology are: improved degree of material traceability; improves safety of resources; improvement in control of material; easy to tracking of materials on site; check on the availability of materials; and allows for contactless identification in construction. It can be concluded that implementation of RFID technology in construction would translate into improvement in material control, checking, tracking, safety and traceability onsite.

The effect of charcoal production on carbon cycling in African biomes

AbstractUsing biomass for charcoal production in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) may change carbon stock dynamics and lead to irreversible changes in the carbon balance, yet we have little understanding of whether these dynamics vary by biome in this region. Currently, charcoal production contributes up to 7% of yearly deforestation in tropical regions, with carbon emissions corresponding to 71.2 million tonnes of CO2 and 1.3 million tonnes of CH4. With a projected increased demand for charcoal in the coming decades, even low harvest rates may throw the carbon budget off‐balance due to legacy effects. Here, we parameterized the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ‐GUESS for six SSA biomes and examined the effect of charcoal production on net ecosystem exchange (NEE), carbon stock sizes and recovery time for tropical rain forest, montane forest, moist savanna, dry savanna, temperate grassland and semi‐desert. Under historical charcoal regimes, tropical rain forests and montane forests transitioned from net carbon sinks to net sources, that is, mean cumulative NEE from −3.56 ± 2.59 kg C/m2 to 2.46 ± 3.43 kg C/m2 and −2.73 ± 2.80 kg C/m2 to 1.87 ± 4.94 kg C/m2 respectively. Varying charcoal production intensities resulted in tropical rain forests showing at least two times higher carbon losses than the other biomes. Biome recovery time varied by carbon stock, with tropical and montane forests taking about 10 times longer than the fast recovery observed for semi‐desert and temperate grasslands. Our findings show that high biomass biomes are disproportionately affected by biomass harvesting for charcoal, and even low harvesting rates strongly affect vegetation and litter carbon and their contribution to the carbon budget. Therefore, the prolonged biome recoveries imply that current charcoal production practices in SSA are not sustainable, especially in tropical rain forests and montane forests, where we observe longer recovery for vegetation and litter carbon stocks.

An Exploration of Chinese College Students' Consumption Motivation on Secondhand Luxury Goods on Douyin Platform

In 2020, the stock size of China's idle high-end consumer goods is 2.87 trillion yuan. The retail market size of idle high-end consumer goods has grown from 16.2 billion yuan in 2016 to 51 billion yuan in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 33.2%. The huge stock of unused luxury goods has laid a solid foundation of potential trading sources for the long-term development of the second luxury industry. After the epidemic, a growing number of second luxury platforms have seen the dividends of live streaming. Douyin, as the mainstream live broadcast sales platform in China, is a breakthrough for second-hand luxury goods to enter the live broadcast market. College students are a group that cannot be underestimated in online shopping, and their online consumption frequency is extremely high. This study aims to fill the gap in past research on the consumption of luxury goods, especially second-hand luxury goods, by Chinese university students. By collecting questionnaires, this paper explores the attitudes and consumption patterns of Chinese college students towards Douyin buying second-hand luxury goods. The results illustrated that Chinese college students have a positive attitude towards second-hand luxury goods but do not trust Douyin as a buying channel.

Subsistence harvest of beluga or white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in northern and western Alaska, 1987–2006

Four stocks of beluga or white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are hunted by Alaska Natives in northern and western Alaska. These are the Beaufort Sea, eastern Chukchi Sea, eastern Bering Sea and Bristol Bay stocks. Since 1987, the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee has monitored the subsistence harvests of belugas from these stocks. During this 20 year period, the total landed harvest for the four stocks combined (adjusted for years with missing data) ranged from 208 in 1995 to 494 in 1988, with a 20 year average of 323 per year. For individual stocks the average annual landed harvests for 1987–2006 were: Beaufort Sea – 41; Chukchi Sea – 62; eastern Bering Sea – 191; and Bristol Bay – 20. There was no significant longterm trend (p>0.05) in the rate of harvesting for any stock from 1987–2006. Average landed harvests relative to estimated stock size were: 0.1% for the Beaufort Sea (0.4% including belugas harvested from the Beaufort Sea stock by Canadian hunters); 1.7% for the eastern Chukchi Sea; 1.1% for the eastern Bering Sea; and 1.1% for Bristol Bay. The success of beluga harvest monitoring in Alaska is due to the cooperation of beluga hunters from more than 40 small coastal communities who report their harvests to the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee (ABWC). Through the ABWC, beluga hunters have been able to formalise their role in managing their subsistence resources.

Age validation of Black Rockfish, Copper Rockfish, and Cabezon using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to elucidate seasonal patterns in otolith stable oxygen isotopes

Stock assessors commonly use models that incorporate biological data such as fish length and age to determine the status of fish stocks and how different management scenarios affect stock size. Ages used in assessment models need to be accurate and precise because ageing error can affect many model inputs and potentially result in stock mismanagement. Despite the requirement for sound age data, few studies have investigated accuracy of ages for groundfish captured in coastal nearshore waters off Oregon, USA. In this study, we validate otolith ages for Black Rockfish (Sebastes melanops), Copper Rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) and Cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus), three species with recreational and commercial importance to Oregon. Ages obtained by traditional break-and-burn methods were validated using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to examine otolith stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) over a fish’s lifetime. This technique relies on the inverse relationship that exists between otolith δ18O and ambient water temperature, and independent counts of δ18O maxima should be comparable to ages obtained by visual counts of otolith growth marks laid down during cold water periods. Locations of δ18O maxima in otolith chronologies matched well with locations of visual growth marks in otoliths of all three species, maxima counts were strongly positively correlated with age, and variation in otolith δ18O decreased with age. However, significant variability in the δ18O chronologies caused by variability in intra-seasonal upwelling and resulting water temperature variations made maxima counts difficult in several samples. Correct interpretation of chronologies required knowledge of location of the first annulus, the compression of growth zones with age, and an assumption of the seasonal amplitude of the ambient water δ18O.

Identification and Profiling of Risk Factors Associated with Decreased Fish Population and Biodiversity: A Case Study of Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh during 2020 to 2021

At the start, we consider the greatest decreases in reproducing populace size that have been seen across a wide scope of animal categories. The essential imperative on such an activity is that these alleged memorable paces of decline will constantly misjudge real decays, since genuine notable populace maxima will have happened well before fishery the executives offices started gathering information on fish overflow. For most fish populaces, dependable quantitative information on overflow have just been accessible for the beyond 2 to thirty years. In this information base, bringing forth stock size, enlistment, gets by the fishery, and fishing mortality, all assessed by the public or global organization answerable for the administration of every populace, are accessible for a considerable length of time. Obviously marine fishes have encountered phenomenal downfalls comparative with known memorable levels. These information depend on populaces for which time series reach out something like 10 years, with a mean of 25 years and a limit of 73 years. Taken all in all, the middle greatest populace decline among the 232 populaces for which information are accessible is 83%; well over portion of the populaces (58%) showed most extreme decays of 80% or more. The solid negative slant in the information, and the high middle decrease in overflow, are likewise apparent at lower ordered levels. Among 56 populaces of clupeids, 73% experienced notable downfalls of 80% or more. Inside the Gadidae and cod, of the 70 populaces for which there are information, the greater part declined 80% or more. Furthermore, among 30 pleuronectid populaces, 43% displayed declines of 80% or more. These outcomes are sobering for two reasons. To start with, a considerable lot of them have happened notwithstanding a gigantic work to keep them from occurring. Second, as indicated above, they depend on "noteworthy" maxima that are not exactly notable by any means, most fisheries having been well under way many years or hundreds of years before the time series of information started. Without even a trace of longer-term information, analysts' discernments will more often than not scale to time spans that they, or maybe their folks, can recall. This outcomes in the "moving benchmark condition", by which researchers acknowledge information from an ever increasing number of late periods as baselines, failing to remember that this permits definitely diminished populaces to fill in for the a lot higher baselines that happened before people started significantly affecting populaces.

Inferring Stock Status of Painted Spiny Lobster (Panulirus versicolor) in Aru Islands Waters, Indonesia

Three of six commercial spiny lobster species in Indonesian waters was found in Aru Islands waters which exploited continuously using drift gillnet and the catch was dominated by painted spiny lobster (Panulirus versicolor). To ensure the sustainability of the lobster stock, fisheries should be managed properly based on the best available science. In data-limited fisheries, length composition data are most common form information available for researchers and managers since its relatively cheap and simple to collect. In this study, we evaluate the stock status of P. versicolor in Aru Islands waters using three length-based methods: 1) length-converted catch curve (LCCC), 2) length-based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) and 3) length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB). The result showed that the mean length at catch of P. versicolor was 80.9 mm in carapace length. Furthermore, the three methods agree that the current status of painted spiny lobster stock seems to be fully exploited where the exploitation rate, the spawning potential ratio, and relative stock size (B/BMSY) were 54%, 35%, and 85%, respectively. Thus, for sustainability of this stock, it is highly recommended to catch P. versicolor at size greater than 80 mm in carapace length.

Financial Analysis and Investment in The Games Industry

Since 2008, revenues from the web and mobile games have grown rapidly due to the development of internet technology and the popularity of smart mobile devices. Many games are no longer tied to a specific place or time, which has led to an increase in the number of users. In the gaming industry as a whole, mobile gaming has gradually become the mainstream of the modern gaming industry. However, the game industry is particularly mature at this stage, and a new phase of change may be coming. And in the development of a game company, business risk is one of the main factors of concern for investors. Indeed, the investment risk of a gaming company determines whether it is sufficient to ensure the future development of the entire company. In this paper, three companies, namely 37Interactive Entertainment Network Technology Group, Perfect World, and Zhejiang Century Huatong Group were chosen to compare the operational risk of a game company and the current state of the company. In this comparison, WACC is used to measure the average required return. In addition, the three companies' cost of equity is examined using both operational and financial leverage. These are employed in the analysis of the three organizations' operational and financial risks. Assumptions and interpretations are also made based on specific industry characteristics and operating rules. Overall, due to the growth of the Internet, this epidemic has raised expectations of the gambling industry in a short period, so factors such as company size and type of stock have become less important. The rapid growth of the gaming industry as a whole during this period has raised some questions about the growth prospects and operational risks of these three companies.

Standardized catch per unit effort and size compositions of Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793), harvested by artisanal fisheries in the Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (SEEZ)

Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793), is a valuable small tuna species to coastal countries and local communities. This species is heavily exploited by artisanal fisheries in the Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (SEEZ). The common gears used in artisanal fisheries for catching Atlantic bonito are gillnets, purse seines, longlines, and sleeping nets. Although catches of this species have increased in recent years, little is known about the Atlantic bonito catch per unit effort (CPUE) and size selectivity in theregion. As this information is relevant for many stock assessments, available catch, effort and size data from Atlantic bonito harvested over 15 years (2004–2018) with different gears were used in the present study to calculate the nominal and standardized CPUE, size-frequency distribution and length at retentions (50 % and 95 % selectivity) of the species. To eliminate the effects of temporal, spatial, and environmental factors, the Atlantic bonito CPUE was standardized using generalized linear and additive models. The retention length at 50 % and 95 % for each year and gear was calculated from the cumulative length frequency distribution as a proxy for selectivity. Optimal model standardization CPUE results showed a significant trend for gillnets, ranging from 4.6 kg/trip in 2005–92.65 kg/trip in 2018, while sleeping nets showed lower CPUE values, ranging from 2.12 kg/trip in 2004 up to 0.83 kg/trip in 2018. This study showed that the year, month, and fishing Area variables were the main factors affecting the nominal CPUE for all scenarios evaluated in this study. Catch data, CPUE and selectivity results have shown that gillnets are the most selective and efficient among the four main gears used to catch Atlantic bonito in the SEEZ.

Determinants of Health Management Practices’ Utilization and Its Effect on Poultry Farmers’ Income in Ondo State, Nigeria

Nigeria is the second largest poultry industry in Africa, with its poultry industry the most commercialized livestock sub-sector. Despite its significance, the farmers still experience economic losses due to disease outbreaks. Hence, the application of standard Health Management Practices (HMPs) is very important, as these practices improve the welfare of animals and increase animal production and farmers’ income. This paper examined the determinants of HMP’s utilization and its effect on poultry farmers’ income in Ondo State, Nigeria. We used multistage sampling procedures to select 120 respondents who provided data for the study. The study used Generalized Poisson Regression (GPR) and Conditional Quantile Regression (CQR) models to estimate the determinants of HMP’s utilization intensity, and its heterogeneous effects on farmers’ income, respectively. The results revealed that the HMP’s utilization intensity was significantly driven by variables such as education, training, experience, land ownership, stock size, mortality rate, and production system. In addition, HMP’s utilization had significant heterogeneous effects on farmers’ income. Therefore, the government and other developmental agencies should promote HMP’s utilization through the provision of poultry-based skills acquisition and vocational education.

Effects of Stocking Density, Size, and External Stress on Growth and Welfare of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) in a Commercial RAS

The effects of semi-intensive (100 kg m−3), intensive (200 kg m−3), and super-intensive (400 kg m−3) stocking densities on the growth and welfare of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were investigated under commercial production conditions. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and selected transcripts following a stress challenge, lactate, as well as skin lesions, were analyzed at regular intervals (from 12 g juveniles to 1.5–2.0 kg). The fish grew well, but after 23 weeks, the semi-intensively stocked fish had a mean final weight of 1830.5 g, significantly higher than the super-intensively stocked fish with 1615.4 g, and considerably higher than the intensively stocked fish with 1664.8 g (p > 0.05). Cortisol and glucose responses significantly differed between stressed and unstressed fish, but not between treatment groups. An unforeseen external stressor (nearby demolition noise) caused stress responses among all treatment groups, but was similarly coped with. Mortality ranged between 3.8–9.2%. In the juveniles, skin lesions were reduced under intensive or super-intensive densities, with the least under semi-intensive densities in outgrown fish. Expression profiles of 22 genes were compared in the spleen at semi-intensive and super-intensive densities. The transcript concentrations of most genes remained unchanged, except for slc39a8 and mtf1, which were significantly downregulated in stressed catfish under semi-intensive conditions. We demonstrated that African catfish growth performance and welfare depend on age and stocking density, also reacting to demolition noise. This supports farm management to optimize stocking densities during the grow-out of African catfish in RAS and suggests avoiding external stress.

This is what we know: Assessing the stock status of the data-poor skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery in the South China Sea

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a highly migratory species of significant value in global marine fisheries. The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and many tuna and tuna-like species occur within it. Although a recent Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission report identified skipjack tuna in the western and central Pacific to be sustainably fished, the exploitation status of skipjack tuna in the SCS is still unclear, due to limited data. We apply two data-poor methods, length-based Bayesian biomass estimation (LBB) and length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR), to assess the status of skipjack tuna stock in the SCS. We use electronic length frequency analysis to estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters (asymptotic lengthLinfand growth coefficientK) to serve as priors for LBB and LBSPR estimation. Estimates are calculated for SCS skipjack tunaLinf(68.3 cm),K(0.325 year−1), natural mortality (0.49 year−1) and mean fork length at 50% sexual maturity (36.7 cm). LBB analysis reveals the estimated relative stock size (0.29) indicates that the SCS skipjack tuna stock maybe heavily overfished. LBSPR analysis reveals the estimated spawning potential ratio for this fishery to be 3%, which is significantly below the limit reference point of 20%. Accordingly, for the SCS skipjack tuna stock we identify a need to reduce fishing mortality by controlling fishing effort and increasing catchable size.

Political uncertainty and stock market liquidity, size, and transaction cost: The role of institutional quality

AbstractUsing panel data of 42 countries from 2001 to 2019, we examine whether political uncertainty (caused by uncertainty about national elections) explains variations in cross‐country liquidity, market size, and transaction cost. We also investigate whether institutional quality moderates the negative effects of political uncertainty on stock market development. We show that political uncertainty reduces stock market size, liquidity, and increases transaction costs. Our results indicate that institutional quality moderates the negative effects of political uncertainty on stock market development. However, we find no effects in emerging markets arising from the high prevalence of weak institutions. We confirm the robustness of our findings using alternative financial development measures and endogeneity. This study enhances our understanding of the salient role of political uncertainty in the development of the stock market, with important implications for market regulators, corporations, and investors.

FISH FARMING PRACTICES AND DISEASE OCCURRENCE IN THE FISH FARMS OF DHANUSHA DISTRICT, NEPAL

Dhanusha is one of the leading fish producing districts in Nepal and the fish farming is increasing in the district to establish the district as a ‘Fisheries center’. However, with the increasing fish farming and intensity, a number of diseases find their way to the farm which may hinder the progress of fish farming. Present study was carried out to assess the fish farming practices and the disease occurrence across the fish farms of Dhanusha district. Questionnaire-based personal interviews were conducted with 64-fish farmers selected from all over the district using simple random sampling. Majority of the respondents were males (89.1%), in the active age group of 30-50 years (71.9%), with average experience of more than 15 years (39%) in fish farming. The widely adopted farming system was Carp polyculture, however, some of the farmers also culture other species like Pangas, African catfish, Rupchand, Puntius etc. Only earthen ponds were common with water depths of 5-7 ft (54.7%). Majority of the respondents relied on private hatcheries (34.4%) for fish seeds and the most common stocking size was fingerlings (42.2%) and fry (29.7%). The major source of information and technical support for the farmers were successful farmers (82.8%) and government offices (73.4%). Approximately 65.6% of the farmers had received trainings on fish production and disease management. The most common feed materials were mustard oil cake (100%); rice bran (96.9%) and commercial pellet feed (54.7%). Cattle dung (87.5%); poultry manure (28.1%) and Urea/DAP (95.3%) were the major fertilizers used by the farmers. The most prevalent fish disease was Argulosis (96.9%), Lernaea (90.6%) and EUS (85.9%), but asphyxiation (82.8%) caused the reportedly highest mortality of 346.1±305.5 Kg/ha. Similarly, the most susceptible species to disease was Naini (65.6%) followed by silver carp (49.0%) and bighead carp (34.0%), while the least infected species was Grass carp (0.8%). Winter (70.3%) was reported to be the main season for the occurrence of fish diseases in Dhanusha district. The average B/C ratio in pond aquaculture in the study area was 1.36.

Novel insights into the reproductive strategies of wild Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) populations based on the kinship analysis

Understanding the reproductive strategy of an organism is important in conservation ecology as it directly affects the population performance under changing environmental conditions. Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) are the largest anadromous fish in the Yangtze River, China. Currently, the species has only one spawning ground and has failed to spawn in recent years, leading it to the brink of extinction. To develop effective conservation measures, a further understanding of its reproductive strategy is needed. In our study, we conducted kinship analyses by using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA data from 216 wild juveniles collected over nine years (2006−2013, 2015) to understand the mating system, breeding interval, effective number of breeding adults, and reproductive success. The results from these analyses suggested polygynandry, with some parents contributing up to eight half-sibling juvenile genotypes. Although the spawning ground was restricted to a limited area, genetic diversity was maintained at a relatively high level (observed heterozygosity from 0.698 to 0.787 and expected heterozygosity from 0.763 to 0.787) and inbreeding coefficients in each year-class ranged from −1% to 9% (low to modest detrimental effects on offspring). A parental inference analysis revealed that Chinese sturgeon have a breeding interval of 2–6 years, indicating that it has the potential to feed, accumulate nutrition in the ocean, and then migrate back to the Yangtze River for iteroparous reproduction. The annual effective number of breeders in the Yangtze River ranged from 14 to 161 during the study period, and it decreased by 62.1% from the 2011−2014 year-classes. This sharp population decline likely contributes to the reproduction failure. However, the ratios of effective to census population size (Ne/Nc) were all larger than 0.20 after the 2010 year-class, indicating relatively even reproductive success. Based on these results, a suggested approach to protect this species is to restock parent fish to increase the reproductive stock size and optimize the discharge of the Three Gorges Dam to reduce the unsuitable hydrological conditions and rehabilitate spawning ground habitats.

Розробка методики визначення розміру страхового запасу товарів в транспортно-логістичному ланцюзі для підвищення конкурентоздатності підприємства

The methodology of inventory management in the transport and logistics chain was developed based on the justification of organizational decisions, the characteristics of the inventory management system in the intermediate link of the logistics chain (regional transport and distribution center), which interacts with manufacturers, consumers and carriers of goods. The proposed method of determining the size of the insurance stock in the transport and logistics chain is an alternative to traditional methods that depend only on the time of late delivery due to the fault of the carrier. This allows not only to calculate the required size of the insurance stock in the system, but also to draw conclusions about the reliability of enterprises that supply and transport goods. Analysis of the necessary level reliability of the transport and logistics chain determines the quality of logistics service and allows taking into account the well-founded characteristics of the operation of the transport and logistics chain.The results of the study are proposed to be used in the process of optimizing the functioning of the enterprise in the market of goods sales.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ І МЕТОДИКА ОБЛІКУ, АНАЛІЗУ, АУДИТУ ЗАПАСІВ НА ОСНОВІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ СТАНДАРТІВ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ

The article defines that the main normative legal act of Ukraine, which determines the methodological principles of the formation of information about stocks in accounting and its disclosure in financial statements, is NAR(S) 9. It was created on the basis of IAS 2. The common approaches of these documents are: determination of net sales value; the use of inventory valuation methods at the balance sheet date and at the time of disposal, etc. The differences relate to the following aspects: definition of stocks, their classification, evaluation of stocks at the time of their receipt, disclosure of information about them in appendices to financial statements, list and conditions of attribution of costs included in the cost of stocks. The advantages of IAS 2 are systematized: compliance with the best accounting practices in the world, logical presentation of the main provisions, accessibility of their perception by qualified users, orientation to the development of a plan and program of audits of transactions with stocks. The disadvantage is the use of the "reversal" method for the subsequent revaluation of stocks in the case of their previous revaluation. It is shown that the form of coordination of the provisions of NAR(S) 9 and IAS 2 is the implementation of the latter into domestic practice in view of the clearly expressed course of Ukraine towards European integration. The dynamics of the value of stocks of economic entities of the national economy during 2013-2021 were analyzed. It was established that their growth was due to inflationary processes and changes in exchange rates, which were not taken into account when evaluating reserves under NAR(S) 9. In the conditions of the inflationary economy of Ukraine, domestic business entities were offered the use of the provisions of IAS 2 in terms of including exchange rate differences in the initial cost of reserves taking into account the provisions of IAS 21 "Effect of changes in exchange rates". The role of stocks in the formation of current assets is shown statistically, their relatively even distribution among enterprises of different sizes, the rating of medium, large, small and micro enterprises by the size of stocks is determined. The necessity of differentiating methods of analysis and auditing of operations with stocks for enterprises of different sizes is substantiated. The main objects of the audit with reserves based on the synthesis of the requirements of NAR(S) and IFRS are proposed.

Population abundance and growth parameters of an exotic bivalve species, Anadara kagoshimensis, in the Southwestern Black Sea

Blood cockle (Anadara kagoshimensis) is an Indo-Pacific species that later entered the Black Sea. The abundance of A. kagoshimensis, which is not subjected to commercial fishing, is important in terms of food competition with other bivalvia species. Baby clam (Chamelea gallina) together with the A. kagoshimensis are dominant bivalve species found in the sandy and muddy areas off the coastal waters of the Black Sea. In this study, specimens of A. kagoshimensis have been recognized by morphological analysis and also confirmed by molecular characterization. Furthermore, the abundance and growth parameters of A. kagoshimensis were investigated in the Southwestern Black Sea. Blood cockles were sampled between February 2011 and December 2012, seasonally. According to the Von Bertalanffy Growth Parameters (VBGP) the results were L$_{∞}$ = 81.96 mm, K = 0.32 year$^{-1}$, t$_{0}$ = -0.22 year, and nonseasonal L$_{∞}$ = 84.32 mm, K = 0.31 year$^{-1}$, t$_{0}$ = -0.21, WP = 0.65, t$_{s}$ = 0.15. The growth pattern showed the slope [b] = 2.96-3.01 in 2011 and 2012. The stock size was estimated according to two different years in 5 different subareas (Cide, İnebolu, Türkeli, Ayancık, and Sarıkum) and by 4 different strata (0-5 m, 5-10 m, 10-15 m, and 15-20 m). Considering subareas, the A. kagoshimensis population in all subareas increased significantly in a single year. Compared to other regions, İnebolu was the main highly distributed area of the A. kagoshimensis, and also the estimated stock size was the highest in the region. Due to food competition with other commercial species (mainly Chamelea gallina) A. kagoshimensis is an ecology important species for the Southern Black Sea habitats. It is aimed to make contributions to Good Environmental Status (GES) and fisheries management in the region.

Stock-recruitment relationships in pocilloporid corals are likely disrupted by thermal stress

Pocilloporids have short larval dispersal—an important mechanism in creating localized stock-recruitment relationships, whereby the rate of recruitment increases with size of the adult stock. Therefore, population recovery can occur quickly from even a small source. Here, we explore the existence of a stock-recruitment pattern in brooding species (Pocilloporidae) across 10 sites, separated by about 500 m, within a semi-continuous reef system spanning 4 km, in the east of Palau, Micronesia. Twenty settlement tile structures were deployed at each site for two consecutive years (2020–2021), and the nearby benthic community was assessed using photo quadrats. Brooding pocilloporid cover and settlement decreased significantly in 2021, by 0.6-fold and 0.4-fold respectively (P < 0.001 for both). A positive stock-recruitment relationship between adult brooder cover and settlement was identified in 2020 (GLMM: P < 0.001), but in 2021 this relationship was no longer significant (GLMM: P = 0.58). In late 2020, the reef was impacted by a modest bleaching event, which led to a 2.5-fold increase in the cover of dead corals in 2021 (GLMM: P < 0.001). We calculated the proportion of newly dead coral in 2021 to obtain a bleaching stress index for every site. Pocilloporid settlement in 2021 was significantly negatively correlated to the stress index (R = −0.42, P = 0.05). Our results identify a stock-recruitment relationship in brooding corals at the scale of sites and are consistent with studies on thermal stress impacts on coral fecundity and reproductive output. Given that brooders are increasing their dominance on coral reefs, understanding their recovery dynamics will help us identify locations where interventions might be prioritized.

Genome-wide data suggest a revision in management of the Caspian Sea trout Salmo caspius.

Salmo caspius Kessler, 1877 is one of the most commercially important species of Salmonidae in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. The occurrence of its wild populations has undergone sever reduction during the last years. In spite of the yearly restocking activity, still no progress on the recovery of its wild population has been observed. Hence, the present study was done in order to assess the efficiency of the current restocking activity in the southern Caspian basin in term of genetic diversity. DNA extracts of 32 S. caspius from four different groups were screened using 62621 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The overal genetic diversity and Fst values were 0.18 and 0.08, respectively. Considering the observed admixture pattern and the positive values for inbreeding coeficient it seems that S. caspius suffers from its small effective population size. In order to obtain the maximum performance, alonside with expanding the size of brood stocks, rehabilitation of the habitats and spawning rivers of this nationally endangered species is of great importance.