Stock Tray Research Articles

A method of impressing flabby ridge

Flabby ridge remained a challenge in dental clinical practice to obtain an accurate impression for edentulous patients. During the traditional impression making process, the excessive and displaceable soft tissue are usually compressed. In this article, we presented an impression method by using a modified special stock tray, impression compound and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials.•the suitable stock tray was modified with holes about 5 mm diameter in the corresponding area to the crest of the flabby ridge.•the primary impression was made by position the modified tray with the softened compound impression on the edentulous ridge, avoiding the area of the flabby ridge.•the final accurate impression was obtained by using the light body polyvinyl siloxane impression material.

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study

Introduction Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual’s dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. Objectives To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Methodology Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. Expected Result It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Conclusion Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren’t many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

In vitro evaluation of the impact of intraoral scanner, scanning aids, and the scanned arch on the scan accuracy of edentulous arches.

To assess the accuracy of complete maxillary and mandibular edentulous arch scans obtained using two different intraoral scanners (IOSs), with and without scanning aids, and to compare these results to those obtained using conventional impression methods. Two IOSs were used (TRIOS 4 [TRI] and Emerald S [EMR]) to scan maxillary and mandibular typodonts. The typodonts were scanned without scanning aids [TRI_WSA and EMR_WSA groups] (n = 10). The typodonts were then scanned under four scanning aid conditions (n = 10): composite markers [TRI_MRK and EMR_MRK groups], scanning spray [TRI_SPR and EMR_SPR groups], pressure indicating paste [TRI_PIP and EMR_PIP groups], and liquid-type scanning aid [TRI_LQD and EMR_LQD groups]. Conventional impressions of both arches were also made using irreversible hydrocolloids in stock trays [IHC] and using polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material in custom trays (n = 10) which were digitized using a laboratory scanner. Using a metrology software program, all scans were compared to a reference scan in order to assess trueness and to each other to assess precision. Trueness and precision were expressed as the root mean square (RMS) of the absolute deviation values and the statistical analysis was modeled on a logarithmic scale using fixed-effects models to meet model assumptions (α = 0.05). The main effect of arch (p = 0.004), scanner (p < 0.001), scanning aid (p = 0.041), and the interaction between scanner and scanning aid (p = 0.027) had a significant effect on mean RMS values of trueness. The arch (p = 0.015) and scanner (p < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mean RMS values of precision. The maxillary arch had better accuracy compared to the mandible. The TRIOS 4 scanner had better accuracy than both the Emerald S scanner and conventional impressions. The Emerald S had better precision than conventional impressions. The scanning spray and liquid-type scanning aids produced the best trueness with the TRIOS 4 scanner, while the liquid-type scanning aid and composite markers produced the best trueness for the Emerald S scanner. The scanned arch and the type of scanner had a significant effect on the accuracy of digital scans of completely edentulous arches. The scanning aid had a significant effect on the trueness of digital scans of completely edentulous arches which varied depending on the scanner used.

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study.

Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual's dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren't many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

Evaluation of Implant Impression Accuracy Using Different Trays and Techniques with a 3D Superimposition Method.

To evaluate the dimensional accuracy of implant impressions obtained using five different tray types and two techniques. A partially dentate maxillary Kennedy Class II model was created as a reference model through 3D printing. Then, implant analogs 4.3 mm in diameter were placed at the first premolar, first molar, and second molar sites. Five types of trays were used to create impressions: (1) metal stock trays, (2) plastic stock trays, (3) custom trays fabricated using liquid crystal display (LCD), (4) custom trays fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM), and (5) custom trays fabricated using urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) resin. Open and closed tray techniques were also compared. In total, 150 impressions were obtained. The reference model and impressions were scanned using a laboratory scanner. Additionally, the positional and angular deviations of implants with different tray types and techniques were evaluated using the superimposition method. There was no statistically significant difference (P > .05) between the impression accuracy with the different tray types and impression techniques. The angular deviations with plastic and UDMA trays were greater than those with metal, FDM, and LCD trays. Angular deviation at the second molar was greater when using closed plastic trays compared to open plastic trays. The highest and lowest positional deviations were observed at the first molar implant with an open plastic tray impression (mean ± SD of 62.46 ± 28.54 mm) and a closed LCD tray impression (36.59 ± 29.93 mm). The greatest angular deviation was observed with an open FDM tray impression at the first premolar implant (0.067 ± 0.024 degree), and the lowest angular deviation was observed with a closed metal stock tray impression at the second molar implant (0.039 ± 0.025 degree). Statistical differences were detected using the Mann-Whitney U test for paired groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for groups with more than three comparisons (P > .05). Plastic and metal stock trays or conventional and 3D-printed custom trays can be used to obtain implant impressions for maxillary partially edentulous arches with similar dimensional accuracy. The five tray types and two techniques may be safely used to obtain impressions of partially edentulous maxillary arches with three implants.

Study on Impression Techniques and Materials for Implant among Dentists in Erbil city: A Survey study.

Background and Objectives: The Success and longevity of implant prosthesis is affected by an accurate fit which can be achieved through a proper impression technique and material, the techniques of impression taking can be made by either a closed or open tray impression procedures or by implant level impression technique. The main objective of the presented research was to investigate the most preferable impression material and technique for dental implant placement. Materials and methods: This research’s focus is on impression materials and the various impression techniques that can be used in implant restoration with a note on the recent advancements, with the help of a questionnaire given to dental professionals and postgraduate students who perform implants in Erbil City. Around 72 dentists were chosen, 24 of them were inside our teaching hospital, and 48 of them were chosen by random sampling. Results: The information gathered in this study sample group shows that the highest rate was for open tray technique about 54.2%, 37.5% responded closed tray and 8.3% responded abutment level. Regarding the most preferable material 75% responded for addition silicone, 23.6% responded for condensation silicone and 1.4% responded for alginate. According to most preferable type of tray 93.1% answered perforated stock tray and 6.9% answered special tray. 56.9% of the practitioners chose One step (heavy-light), 22.2% chose two step spaced putty wash, 13.9 % chose one step (monophase single viscosity) and 6.9% answered two-step unspaced putty wash. Conclusions: In conclusion open tray technique, stock tray, addition type of silicon and one-step (heavy-light) impression technique is the most preferable in this study. Keywords: Implant, Impression, open tray, closed tray, abutment, materials.

Orthodontic wires: newer approach for impression making and neutral zone in severely resorbed mandibular ridge: A case report

The management of the resorbed mandibular ridge is a difficult task. Rehabilitating a patient who is completely edentulous is a common dental procedure, but it can sometimes be challenging and difficult. Making an impression with the available stock trays, even after modification, is difficult in extremely resorbed ridges.Many materials have been used to record and transfer the neutral zone in complete dentures. So here we present a new technique of making an impression with properly adapted wire for recording the impression along with recording the neutral zone with a heavy body addition silicone impression material that rests on the wire loops projecting upward on the denture base to achieve maximum retention and stability and also for the preservation of residual alveolar ridge.

Accuracy of merging scans of definitive fixed prosthodontic impressions to obtain single, accurate digitized master casts.

Many elastomeric impressions sent to commercial laboratory dental technicians may include marginal defects. To fabricate accurate restorations, digital technology may be used to merge digital files of defective impressions into a single standard tessellation language (STL) file free of errors. This would save clinicians and patients time and may improve clinical care. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of digital master casts reconstructed from merged STL files of defective impressions with the file of the original defect-free preparations. Ivorine teeth on a dentoform were prepared to receive a posterior fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) with complete coverage preparations. An impression was made in a stock tray using polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material and an extraoral scanner (E3, 3Shape, Denmark) was used to digitize the impression; this was the reference cast. Wax was used to create defects on the buccal and lingual margins of the preparations. Fifteen PVS impressions were made of the FDP preparations with defects in the mesial and distal margins; another set of 15 PVS impressions was made of FDP preparations with defects in the buccal and palatal margins for a total of 30 impressions. All impressions were digitized using the same extraoral scanner (E3, 3Shape, Denmark). Corresponding STL files were paired and merged, and a master cast was created by eliminating the defects using the scanned data. This master cast was compared to the reference cast using reverse engineering software (Geomagic, Morrisville, NC, USA). The results were expressed as average errors and standard deviations in the master casts relative to the reference cast. To account for the presence of positive and negative values in the data set, in terms of errors, the root mean square (RMS) value was calculated for each sample. The mean average error in the sample was -0.4 μm. The average upper limit of 95% confidence interval was +36.5 μm, while the average lower limit of 95% confidence interval was -37.3 μm. The mean RMS of the errors found was 18.9 μm. The results of this study indicated that merging digitized definitive impressions to correct marginal defects resulted in master casts with a high level of accuracy relative to the reference cast.

TO CORRELATE THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN LINGUAL FRENAL ATTACHMENT AND MANDIBULAR INCISAL EDGE POSITION AS AN AID IN ESTABLISHING MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL PLANE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

Background: The determination of vertical dimension, aesthetics, phonetics and incisal guidance, depends on the placement of anterior teeth. Fewer studies are present for mandibular anterior teeth setting. Therefore this study aims at determining the correlation of distance between lingual frenal attachment and mandibular incisal edge position in dentulous subjects as an aid in establishing mandibular occlusal plane in edentulous patients. Methodology: 318 subjects (161 males and 157 females) under the age group of 18 to 30 years, who met the requisite criteria were seleceted. A mandibular cast was obtained from irreversible hydrocolloid impression in stock trays for each subject. The distance between the incisal edge of lower central incisor and anterior attachment of the lingual frenum was measured using digital vernier caliper. Result:It was observed that the distance between anterosuperior attachment of lingual frenumand mesioincisal edge of mandibular central incisor (CI) in female subjects was 12.19, with mean standard deviation (±SD) of 1.34. and 15.91 with mean standard deviation (±SD) 1.32 in male subjects respectively. Conclusion:Thus, the anterior attachment of lingual frenum is a reliable anatomic landmark and shall aid in setting the mandibular central incisors in a more natural position.

Customized Preliminary Impression: A Novel Impression Technique for Severely Resorbed Edentulous Ridges

Patients with long-term edentulism and/or ill-fitting (poorly fitted) dentures are more likely to experience severe mandibular alveolar ridge resorption. Some of these patients have genial tubercles that rise over the mandibular residual ridge in the anterior region and protrude into the floor of the mouth. Typically, the most prominent portions of the resorbed mandibular edentulous ridge are in contact with the lingual flanges of the mandibular stock impression trays (i.e., genial tubercles and internal oblique lines). In these situations, it is advised that a preliminary custom impression tray be created to pour an initial impression, allowing for the fabrication of individual custom trays. In general, dental practice for the fabrication of the complete denture, the stock trays are used for making the preliminary impression and the custom trays for the final impression. The present article portrays an innovative and efficient clinical technique involving the fabrication of a customized preliminary impression tray for preliminary impression making particularly in unconventional situations, that is, pronounced mandibular alveolar ridge resorption.

Categorization of Extremely Resorbed Mandibular Edentulous Ridges and Formulation of Edentulous Stock Trays Conforming to Different Resorbed Ridge Forms: An Observational Study

Categorization of Extremely Resorbed Mandibular Edentulous Ridges and Formulation of Edentulous Stock Trays Conforming to Different Resorbed Ridge Forms: An Observational Study

Assessing Clinical Communication for Fixed Prosthodontics Construction between Dental Laboratories and Dentists

Objective. This study aimed to estimate the communication between dental practitioners and dental technicians, through fixed prosthodontics from a dental laboratory technician's point of view, study the weak points, and try to offer them. Methods. In Tripoli, a randomized sample of private dental laboratories was chosen. A hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed, and 130 were received (response rate=87%). A part of the questionnaires was mailed to the laboratory directors of dental laboratories and others were distributed to the dental technicians personally (face to face). The survey asked questions about the following areas of work authorization: Academic certificate, Years of work as a dental clinician, choice of materials for the prosthesis, design of the fixed prosthesis, and shade description. The use of impression materials for fixed prosthodontics was part of the questionnaire. For each question, the number of responses received was tabulated and converted to a percentage. Data were collected and analyzed statistically with (SPSS) version 25 software and Pearson’s Chi-square test p value &lt; 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The findings showed that the telephone 42.9% and written dental prescription 24.2% are the main communication tools. The technician is more likely to choose fixed prosthesis design alone when conversing with doctors verbally or via email, while they sometimes choose it when sending them written prescriptions. Therefore, the best form of cooperation would be a written prescription. 84.6% of dental technicians received impressions in a non-disinfected state. The plastic stock tray was the most common choice of impression tray (75.4%). The minority of dental technicians 19.7% are discussing pontics design with the dentist. Conclusion. According to Tripoli dental technicians, good quality communication between both dental technologists and dentists is not always present. The connection between these two dental offices still needs work.

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study

Introduction- Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual's dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. Objectives- To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Methodology- Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. Expected Result- It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Conclusion- Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren't many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

A modified impression technique for a patient with mandibular exostosis

The mandibular torus is an exophytic osseous asymptomatic overgrowth often found bilaterally in the premolar region. Recording this structure in an impression is difficult. This article describes a technique of recording the mandibular tori with a modified stock tray. This novel method reduces discomfort and trauma to the patient and the entire surface of the tori is recorded.

Development of impression trays for treating infants with trisomy 21 before their deciduous teeth erupt

The treatment of infants with trisomy 21 (TS21) with a myostimulation plate can improve their development and quality of life. The manufacture of these plates requires an accurate cast of the maxilla, and their efficacy relies on their stability and retention. As such, the quality of the impression is a determining factor. The lack of commercially available stock trays for infants with TS21 creates difficulties, including inadequate impression quality and the risk of inhaling impression material. The present technique simplifies impression making for infants with TS21 from 3 months of age to when their maxillary deciduous teeth erupt by using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) impression trays. Sixty-five stored gypsum maxillary casts from infants with TS21 that had been used to manufacture myostimulation plates were analyzed to select four differently sized representative casts for designing the impression trays. A CAD software program was used to digitally shape four sizes of the impression tray from the selected gypsum casts. Practitioners interested in this approach can download and export the standard tessellation language (STL) files using a quick response (QR) code. The impression trays should be manufactured with the stereolithography additive technique using biocompatible resin. This technique allows practitioners to make accurate maxilla impressions for infants with TS21 by manufacturing their own impression trays using the free-access STL files rather than the cumbersome conventional method.

Role of Mucobuccal Sulci in Determination of Occlusal Vertical Dimension in Dentate Subjects.

Aim: To find out the distance between the mucobuccal sulci of maxillary and mandibular arches and the cusp tips of posterior teeth and evaluate the occlusal vertical dimension in dentate subjects. Study Design:Cross sectional observational study. Place and duration: Prosthodontic department of Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, from 2nd September 2022 till 2nd December 2022. Methodology: A total of 45 dentate subjects including 20 males and 25 females were selected. Alginate impressions (irreversible hydrocolloid) of both arches were taken in stock trays. Impressions were poured in hard plaster and stone casts were fabricated. Digital vernier caliper with accuracy of 0.01mm was used for recording the distance from the depth of mucobuccal sulci of both arches to the cusp tips of all posterior teeth of the respective arches. The distance from maxillary mucobuccal sulcus to the mandibular mucobuccal sulcus in maximum intercuspation was also calculated. Result: The distances measured from the maxillary mucobuccal sulcus to the buccal cusp tips of maxillary first premolar, second premolar and first molar were found to be 16.86mm; 15.94mm, and 15.45mmrespectively. The distances measured from the mandibular mucobuccal sulcus to the buccal cusp tips of mandibular first premolar, second premolar and first molar were 17.02mm, 15.14mm and 14.26mmrespectively. The mean distance recorded from the depth of maxillary and mandibular sulci in maximum intercuspation positions showed shortest distance at first molar areai.e.; 26.88mmas compared to the distance found in first premolar 35.22mm and second premolar 35.63mmareas. Conclusion: The mean distances recordedbetween maxillary and mandibular sulci in intercuspation position were 35.22mm, 35.63mm and 26.88mm respectively. These values may be helpful in determination of occlusal vertical dimension by selecting appropriate teeth and shaping occlusal rims while fabricating complete dentures Keywords: Dentate, Dental arch, Mucobuccal sulcus, Maxilla, Mandible, Occlusal vertical dimension, Posterior teeth.

Correlation assessment between inter-commissural width and maxillary inter-canine teeth in south-west population of Sindh Pakistan.

Objectives: To find out the correlation between inter commissural width and maxillary inter canine width. Study Design: Cross-sectional Research. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics Dental OPD LUHMS Jamshoro. Period: June to December 2021. Material &amp; Methods: A total of 100 patients with maxillary impressions of patient were taken in metal perforated stock trays with irreversible Hydrocolloid impored immediately with dental stone type IV for making the study cast. Questionnaire mode of research instrument was used for the data acquisition during patient treatment. In parallel with maxillary anterior teeth selection and inter-commissural width determination by using Vernier calliper, the inter-canine distance was also assessed. Results: About 100 patients were assessed maxillary anterior teeth selection, and inter-commissural width. The mean age of the study participants was recorded as 21.52±2.83 years. Whereas 63% patients were male. The overall statistical calculations showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.73; p=0.0005) between and the inter-commissural width and maxillary inter-canine teeth. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study concludes that there is a significant correlation between inter-commissural width and maxillary inter-canine teeth among the south-west population in Sindh.

Management of palatal defect post hemimaxillectomy: a case report

A 42-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics, Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital with speech, swallowing and chewing difficulties caused by a fractured and non-reusable acrylic obturator. The patient had been using the obturator since maxillary tumor resection in 2012, which resulted in a significant and deep defect in the right maxillary region. Intraoral examination revealed a defect in the midline of the palate that extended to the left alveolar bone, and 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 16 were edentulous. The maxillary defect did not appear inflamed or infected, and the surrounding area appeared normal. The treatment plan was fabrication of a maxillofacial skeletal partial denture to rehabilitate the maxillary defect. Primary impressions were made with irreversible hydrocolloid ma-terial with a stock tray to obtain a study model. Custom tray was made for individual impressions with polyvinyl si-loxane material to obtain working models. A survey was conducted, and framework and bite rim were made. Maxil-lary denture was designed with Akers clasps at 35, 37, RPI at 45, full palatal palate as main connector. The denture framework was tried on, followed by determination of vertical dimensions. Denture alignment was done in the articu-lator using A3 color. The was prostheses were tried in and evaluated of retention, articulation, phonetics, and aes-thetics; then sent to dental laboratory for processing and the obturator was then inserted into the patient's mouth. Pati-ent follow-up was scheduled 24 hours and 1 week after insertion. It is concluded that the maxillofacial partial den-ture is a rehabilitation device that can result in decent retention and stabilization, especially in cases of acquired de-fects. The prosthesis can improve patient adaptation and ability with speech, mastication and swallowing functions.

Angular Dimensions of Retromolar Pad: An Observational Study

Background Retromolar pad RMP is at an incline and is relatively resistant to resorption as compared to mandibular residual alveolar ridge due to the attachments of muscles and dense cortical bone underlying it. The existing stock trays are usually flat and cause undue pressure in RMP region often requiring arbitrary modification of stock tray. This study was conducted to record the RMP incline and formulate a stock tray that will help in recording an accurate impression to achieve excellent seal stability and support in the denture base.Methods RMP inclines and the residual ridge crests were marked on 280 master casts using markers and the angle between them were recorded using a protractor kept at the level of eye. Results The angle of RMP with the crest of ridge recorded on right and the left sides ranged between 105deg- 175deg and 125deg-180deg respectively. A p value of 0.024 was obtained with paired sample t-test. The mean angle of left and right sides combined was 152.12 plusmn 13.10deg. After removal of outliers the lower limit was 135deg which can be incorporated in an impression tray to accommodate the critical incline of RMP.Conclusion The present study recorded an angle of 135deg between RMP and residual ridge which can be considered as the standard angle for stock trays. Incorporating an angle of 135deg would be adequate to accommodate higher angles up to 175deg. This enables creating a strong foundation for a good complete denture prosthesis in patients with extremely resorbed mandibular completely edentulous ridges.

A comparative study of impression methods using stock tray and intraoral scanner in a completely edentulous patient with an atypical arch shape: a case report

A comparative study of impression methods using stock tray and intraoral scanner in a completely edentulous patient with an atypical arch shape: a case report