In this paper we investigate the well-posedness and dynamics of a fractional stochastic integro-differential equation describing a reaction process depending on the temperature itself. Existence and uniqueness of solutions of the integro-differential equation is proved by the Lumer–Phillips theorem. Besides, under appropriate assumptions on the memory kernel and on the magnitude of the nonlinearity, the existence of random attractor is achieved by obtaining first some a priori estimates. Moreover, the random attractor is shown to have finite Hausdorff dimension.