Stitching Quality Research Articles

Assessing the impact of sewing machine thread take-up mechanism parameters on the magnitude and nature of thread take-up

The subject of this study is the needle thread take-up mechanisms (NTТM) of modern chain stitch sewing machines of classes 400 and 600. The principal issue with these mechanisms is the complexity of their adjustment because of the large number of adjustable parameters and the need for clear recommendations for proper setup, which negatively affects their performance. The research involved analyzing the impact of NTTM’s kinematic parameters and various thread path configurations in machines. The study revealed new patterns that allow for more precise thread take-up regulation, enabling better synchronization of the actual thread take-up with the required amount, thereby improving stitch quality and increasing sewing process productivity. Accurate thread take-up adjustment prevents excessive or insufficient thread tension, a common issue when sewing materials with variable thickness or stitch length. The results can be used to adjust sewing machines and automate the tuning of technological processes by changing the adjustment parameters with variations in technological parameters. This is particularly important in producing 3D textile structures for reinforcing composite molds, where adjusting for average material thickness can cause thread tension issues when the current thickness changes. The practical application of these results will ensure stable sewing quality based on stitch parameters, which is relevant for automating machine settings and working with materials of varying thicknesses. The proposed recommendations will improve the manufacturing process and increase equipment efficiency

Automatic stitching of panoramas for geological images of polished sections

Abstract. This paper addresses the challenge of constructing panoramic images from a set of overlapping microscopic images of geological polished sections.This task is valuable both for automatic mineral detection and for the creating of advanced virtual educational collections. We present LumenStone P1, a new dataset of polished section images for panorama stitching, along with an automatic method for constructing panoramas of these images. Comparisons with existing approaches, including commercial ones, demonstrate that our method is comparable in stitching quality. The numerical value of panorama stitching quality is 0.33 by RMSE for our dataset. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its practical applicability for the preparation of series of images and further computer analysis of panoramic geological images of polished sections. The LumenStone P1 dataset intended for panorama creation, as well as the source code of the proposed method, are publicly available.

Atomic force microscopy wide-field scanning imaging using homography matrix optimization

During the offline combination of multiple atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, changes in probe displacement can be affected by dynamic noise, leading to dislocation and tearing in the stitching. To overcome this, we designed a homography matrix optimization method to describe the relative positional relationship between images by constructing the original image matrix and applying singular value decomposition to denoise the homography matrix. Additionally, we implemented a scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) to extract feature points. To verify the effectiveness of this method, the SIFT + RANSAC (R), SIFT + affine transformation (AT), and oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) algorithms were compared with the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method precisely computes the transformation matrix, thereby guaranteeing the geometric consistency of mosaic imaging. The proposed method preserves the intricate details of the original image and enhances the stitching quality of wide-field images.

Pelatihan Teknologi Digital Dalam Pengembangan Bisnis Berbasis Smart Entrepreneur Model bagi UMKM SigekArt Silungkang Kota Sawahlunto

This service activity aims to increase knowledge and skills in financial management based on digital technology in business development for SigekArt MSMEs. The method of implementing this community service uses training, which consists of several stages, namely activity administration, digital business management assistance and product innovation. The results of this service show that the understanding of partner business management has increased, especially in digital financial management. Partners are also able to increase production by more than 85% per day. The quality of production stitching is also better and neater, because the PKM team provides business capital and industrial sewing machine equipment to partners. Product innovation can also be carried out by partners because there is always assistance from the PKM team.

Attentive Deep Image Quality Assessment for Omnidirectional Stitching

Omnidirectional images or videos are commonly generated via the stitching of multiple images or videos, and the quality of omnidirectional stitching strongly influences the quality of experience (QoE) of the generated scenes. Although there were many studies research the omnidirectional image quality assessment (IQA), the evaluation of the omnidirectional stitching quality has not been sufficiently explored. In this paper, we focus on the IQA for the omnidirectional stitching of dual fisheye images. We first establish an omnidirectional stitching image quality assessment (OSIQA) database, which includes 300 distorted images and 300 corresponding reference images generated from 12 raw scenes. The database contains a variety of distortion types caused by omnidirectional stitching, including color distortion, geometric distortion, blur distortion, and ghosting distortion, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">etc.</i> A subjective quality assessment study is conducted on the database and human opinion scores are collected for the distorted omnidirectional images. We then devise a deep learning based objective IQA metric termed Attentive Multi-channel IQA Net. In particular, we extend hyper-ResNet by developing a subnetwork for spatial attention and propose a spatial regularization item. Experimental results show that our proposed FR and NR models achieve the best performance compared with the state-of-the-art FR and NR IQA metrics on the OSIQA database. The OSIQA database as well as the proposed Attentive Multi-channel IQA Net will be released to facilitate future research.

Rat Microvascular Model is Tolerant to Technical Errors.

Extensive studies have been conducted using the rat model to understand the potential technical errors that lead to anastomotic failure. However, current literature indicates that the rat model has excellent tolerance to diverse errors committed by microsurgeons. The error-investigating rat model is often created by one or two experienced surgeons, and only one isolated technical error is examined. These biases may potentially cause limitations of the results from previous studies. Meanwhile, venous anastomoses have rarely been investigated in previous literature. Therefore, it is important to elucidate this topic with a more comprehensive study design. Ninety-four arterial and 94 venous anastomoses on Sprague-Dawley rat femoral vessels that were performed by 47 microsurgeons who participated in the microsurgery course at the Columbia University and the University of Thessaloniki were evaluated. In total, 10 technical errors were examined: (1) disruption of suture line, (2) back-wall stitch, (3) oblique stitch, (4) wide bite, (5) partial thickness bite, (6) unequal suture distance, (7) tear in vessel wall, (8) excessively tight suture, (9) suture threads in lumen, and (10) large edge overlap. The frequency of each error committed, and the 30-minute postoperative patency was also recorded. The underlying causal relationship between these errors, potential interaction, and the short-term anastomosis patency was analyzed statistically. Only the back-wall stitch was found to have a significant causal effect on arterial anastomosis failure (p < 0.001). Back-wall stitch, wide bite, and partial thickness bite significantly impact venous anastomosis patency (p < 0.001). No other statistically significant result was found. Overall, the rat model is highly resilient to various technical errors despite these mistakes being often considered clinically unacceptable. Therefore, researchers need to consider the resilience of the rat model when designing and analyzing future studies. In addition, microsurgery instructors should focus on individual stitch quality rather than the final patency.

Analysing The Effects of Knitted Fabrics Physical Properties to The Heating of Sewing Machine Needles

Due to the increasing demand in the clothing industry, industrial sewing machines operate at high speeds ranging from 2000 to 3000 revolutions per minute. One of the most significant problems that adversely affect the stitching quality and efficiency is the needle temperature, which reaches up to 300 oC and is influenced by various parameters such as machine speed, thread tension, and fabric properties. In this study, the heat generated from the friction between the needle and the textile surface in knitted fabrics and the fabric properties affecting heat are examined. Four different knitting techniques and twelve different knitted fabrics with varying weights, thicknesses, and blend properties were used. An Optris CT3M pyrometer was employed to measure the temperature on the needle. The results can be summarized as follows: in all knitted fabrics, an increase in fabric weight and thickness was observed to correspond to an increase in needle temperature values. The highest needle temperature values above 90 oC were obtained in TF2-coded three-thread fleece fabric with a fabric thickness of 1.31 mm and a fabric weight of 340 g/m2, while the lowest needle temperatures of 66 oC and below were achieved in the lightest and thinnest fabric with a fabric weight of 100 g/m2 and a thickness of 0.39 mm. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between fabric stitching density and needle temperature.

Study on the Compressive Properties of an Elastomeric Porous Cylinder Using 360° Three-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation System.

To study the compressive properties of an elastomeric porous cylinder, a 360° 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system is proposed. This compact vibration isolation table system captures different segments of the object from four different angles and fields of view, enabling a comprehensive measurement of the full surface of the object. To increase the stitching quality, a coarse-fine coordinate matching method is presented. First, a three-dimensional rigid body calibration auxiliary block is employed to track motion trajectory, which enables preliminary matching of four 3D DIC sub-systems. Subsequently, scattered speckle information characteristics guide fine matching. The accuracy of the 360° 3D DIC system is verified through a three-dimensional shape measurement conducted on a cylindrical shell, and the maximum relative error of the shell's diameter is 0.52%. A thorough investigation of the 3D compressive displacements and strains exerted on the full surface of an elastomeric porous cylinder are investigated. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed 360° measuring system on calculating images with voids and indicate a negative Poisson's ratio of periodically cylindrical porous structures.

Multiple metrics assessment method for a reliable evaluation of corneal suturing skills

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a multiple metrics assessment method to differentiate between surgeons of differing experience while performing a corneal suturing task. Volunteer ophthalmologists were assigned to three groups (senior [SG], junior [JG] and novice [NG]) according to their experience in corneal suturing. All participants performed three sessions of corneal wound closure by three stitches. Suturing and participant posture were recorded with cameras, and assessed by two blind assessors for stitch quality (using Zhang score) and ergonomics (using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment [RULA] score). Task duration was recorded. Objective analyses of stitches geometry and instrument position were carried out. We included 24 participants: 5 in the SG, 8 in the JG and 11 in the NG. Stitch quality was significantly better and time to perform the procedure significantly lower in more experienced groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). SG participants better respected regular distance and parallelism between stitches compared to others (p = 0.01). Instrument position was similar between groups, although SG participants minimized their back-and-forth movements compared to NG participants. Ergonomics assessment was similar. Multiple metrics assessment efficiently determined how to differentiate between novices and experienced surgeons on corneal suturing skills, providing hints for future training studies.

Research on Image Mosaic Method Based on Fracture Edge Contour of Bone Tag

Damaged edges of bone tag images contain external factors such as impurities and damage, which affect the stitching process and lead to repair errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a stitching method based on image edge position feature matching. The objective is to improve the accuracy of image stitching by matching feature points based on the position of the image edge pixel so as to solve the accurate stitching of broken edge contour. In the first step of this method, the image containing the broken edge is preprocessed by edge detection, and the location of the broken edge pixel is proposed. Secondly, the feature descriptors were calculated to extract the shape and texture information of the feature points on the fracture edge. Finally, the feature points are optimized by minimum correction and image mosaic is carried out. In terms of image stitching, pre-registration is performed by finding the feature descriptors that are most similar to the edge of the optimum fracture surface profile. The matching operator is added to the overlapping region to obtain the corrected image, and the panoramic image mosaic of the image fracture surface is performed. The experimental results show that feature descriptor matching can ensure the integrity of the fracture, improve the matching accuracy, optimize the uneven deformation of the fracture, ensure the quality of image stitching, and reduce the degree of image distortion.

Image Stitching With Manifold Optimization

Image stitching usually relies on spatial transformations to do the overlap alignment and distortion mitigation. This paper presents a novel manifold optimization method to seek for the optimal transformations. Especially, the transformations involved in the stitching are treated as elements of a prescribed matrix manifold. Then, the spatially varying homographies are computed by efficient second-order minimization (ESM) on the geometric error of aligning feature correspondences, but with their intrinsic manifold parameterization. To mitigate the distortion, the interpolation between homography and similarity transformation is performed on a general matrix manifold. These on-manifold operations improve the stitching quality with less artifacts of ghosting and distortion. The experiments show the effectiveness of our manifold optimization for image stitching.

UAV Low-Altitude Aerial Image Stitching Based on Semantic Segmentation and ORB Algorithm for Urban Traffic

UAVs are flexible in action, changeable in shooting angles, and complex and changeable in the shooting environment. Most of the existing stitching algorithms are suitable for images collected by UAVs in static environments, but the images are in fact being captured dynamically, especially in low-altitude flights. Considering that the great changes of the object position may cause the low-altitude aerial images to be affected by the moving foreground during stitching, so as to result in quality problems, such as splicing misalignment and tearing, a UAV aerial image stitching algorithm is proposed based on semantic segmentation and ORB. In the image registration, the algorithm introduces a semantic segmentation network to separate the foreground and background of the image and obtains the foreground semantic information. At the same time, it uses the quadtree decomposition idea and the classical ORB algorithm to extract feature points. By comparing the feature point information with the foreground semantic information, the foreground feature points can be deleted to realize feature point matching. Based on the accurate image registration, the image stitching and fusion will be achieved by the homography matrix and the weighted fusion algorithm. The proposed algorithm not only preserves the details of the original image, but also improves the four objective data points of information entropy, average gradient, peak signal-to-noise ratio and root mean square error. It can solve the problem of splicing misalignment tearing during background stitching caused by dynamic foreground and improves the stitching quality of UAV low-altitude aerial images.

A Technical and Operational Perspective on Quality Analysis of Stitching Images with Multi-Row Panorama and Multimedia Sources for Visualizing the Tourism Site of Onshore Wind Farm

A virtual tour of the onshore wind farm near Gaomei Wetland, Taichung City, Taiwan, was produced by producing panoramic images of the site by stitching images captured with a full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera and a multi-row panorama instrument, which automatically and precisely divided each scene into several images. Subsequently, the image stitching quality was improved by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) of tie point matching and adjusting the tie points. Errors due to eccentricity attributed to the camera’s relative position to the rotational axis of the multi-row panorama instrument were examined and solved; the effect of the overlap rate on image stitching quality was also investigated. According to the study results, the overlap rate between the original images was inversely proportional to the RMSE and directly proportional to the time required for photography and image processing. The stitching quality was improved by resolving eccentricity and by increasing the number of tie points. The RMSEs of the panoramas of all stations were all less than 5 pixels. Subsequently, multimedia materials providing information on wind turbine attributes were combined with the panorama platform to establish a virtual reality tour platform. The content of the platform could be accessed with a smartphone and viewed with a virtual reality device and could promote both tourist attractions and wind energy.

Unravelling Discarded Second-Hand Winter Knitwear into Reusable Recycled Material

Textile waste has become a worldwide problem. Malaysians dumped approximately 195,300 tonnes of fabric waste, causing Malaysian landfills with discarded textile to account for about 6.3% of the total 3.1 million tonnes of solid waste filling up landfills. The excessive amount of clothing in thrift shops is due to the fast fashion industry mass-producing clothing at rapid speed in a short time frame making the value of one garment plummet to dirt cheap with lower stitching quality. The objective of this study is to identify available discarded preloved winter knitwear as a suitable sustainable material and to propose an effective method for unrevealing knitwear into a reusable recycle material. The researcher applies qualitative research by preparing a semi-structured interview question and experimentation to gather the required data. The research resulted in a potentially reusable material able to use in producing new items. This study will help the consumers to reduce the number of textile waste in landfills by understanding the method of unveiling woven garments into a reusable recycle material for a potential new product.

Application of Image Mosaic Technology in Tai Chi Animation Creation.

Panorama can reflect the image seen at any angle of view at a certain point of view. How to improve the quality of panorama stitching and use it as a data foundation in the “smart tourism” system has become a research hotspot in recent years. Image stitching means to use the overlapping area between the images to be stitched for registration and fusion to generate a new image with a wider viewing angle. This article takes the production of “Tai Chi” animation as an example to apply image stitching technology to the production of realistic 3D model textures to simplify the production of animation textures. A handheld camera is used to collect images in a certain overlapping area. After cylindrical projection, the Harris algorithm based on scale space is adopted to detect image feature points, the two-way normalized cross-correlation algorithm matches the feature points, and the algorithm to extract the threshold T iteratively removes mismatches. The transformation parameter model is quickly estimated through the improved RANSAC algorithm, and the spliced image is projected and transformed. The Szeliski grayscale fusion method directly calculates the grayscale average of the matching points to fuse the image, and finally, the best stitching method is used to eliminate the ghosting at the image mosaic. Data experiments based on Matlab show that the proposed image splicing technology has the advantages of high efficiency and clear spliced images and a more satisfactory panoramic image visual effect can be achieved.

PRODUKSI PAKAIAN BERDASARKAN LEMBAR BIAYA &amp; TARGET HARGA RITEL

Through a 3-year community service scheme (6 periods), 4 periods have been conducted. There are 3 stakeholders in this program: study program, community research partner, and brand partner. Along the process, community service partner has understood and be able to collaborate using digital method to produce clothing collections for brand partner. But although the stitching quality is well, cost prices are mostly found too high, not suitable for brand partner’s retail prices. Through this community service period, the aims are: 1) to train cost sheet making for each sku made; 2) to provide knowledge of target retail price and its calculations; 3) to provide knowledge on many components of clothing costs, including margin fees on multiple fashion platforms in Indonesia. This period is the last step of training and focus more on production and business mindsets before letting community service partner to go independent in the last period.

Real‐time multi‐GPU‐based 8KVR stitching and streaming on 5G MEC/Cloud environments

In this study, we propose a multi-GPU-based 8KVR stitching system that operates in real time on both local and cloud machine environments. The proposed system first obtains multiple 4 K video inputs, decodes them, and generates a stitched 8KVR video stream in real time. The generated 8KVR video stream can be downloaded and rendered omnidirectionally in player apps on smartphones, tablets, and head-mounted displays. To speed up processing, we adopt group-of-pictures-based distributed decoding/encoding and buffering with the NV12 format, along with multi-GPU-based parallel processing. Furthermore, we develop several algorithms such as equirectangular projection-based color correction, real-time CG overlay, and object motion-based seam estimation and correction, to improve the stitching quality. From experiments in both local and cloud machine environments, we confirm the feasibility of the proposed 8KVR stitching system with stitching speed of up to 83.7 fps for six-channel and 62.7 fps for eight-channel inputs. In addition, in an 8KVR live streaming test on the 5G MEC/cloud, the proposed system achieves stable performances with 8 K@30 fps in both indoor and outdoor environments, even during motion.

Measurement and compensation of a stitching error in a DMD-based step-stitching photolithography system

The step-stitching issue occurring in digital micromirror device (DMD)-based step lithography, which refers to overlapping and misalignment, has dramatically influenced the overall accuracy of the exposed patterns. To address this technical challenge, this paper proposes a testing method to resolve the system tolerance parameters, inclination angle with 0.060∘±0.003∘, and magnification with 3.60399±0.00020, which induce the stitching problem. With these two parameters, a compensation strategy on motion is implemented to precisely control the step distance of the stage so that the edge-to-edge stitching error is reduced to about 0.150 µm and the corner-to-corner stitching error is less than 0.500 µm. The changes of the linewidth induced by the displacement error due to the stage control accuracy and illumination nonuniformity caused by the light source are simulated and analyzed, and the image preprocessing method based on a gradual grayscale mask is employed to improve the quality of stitching. Using this method, the linewidth difference is controlled to be within 0.150 µm. After finishing all the corrections and imaging preprocessing, the transverse error has become almost invisible, and the longitudinal error has been reduced by 97.72%. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved stitching accuracy could achieve high-fidelity devices.

Performance Evaluation of Bundle Adjustment with Population Based Optimization Algorithms Applied to Panoramic Image Stitching.

The image stitching process is based on the alignment and composition of multiple images that represent parts of a 3D scene. The automatic construction of panoramas from multiple digital images is a technique of great importance, finding applications in different areas such as remote sensing and inspection and maintenance in many work environments. In traditional automatic image stitching, image alignment is generally performed by the Levenberg–Marquardt numerical-based method. Although these traditional approaches only present minor flaws in the final reconstruction, the final result is not appropriate for industrial grade applications. To improve the final stitching quality, this work uses a RGBD robot capable of precise image positing. To optimize the final adjustment, this paper proposes the use of bio-inspired algorithms such as Bat Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimizer, Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, Salp Swarm Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization in order verify the efficiency and competitiveness of metaheuristics against the classical Levenberg–Marquardt method. The obtained results showed that metaheuristcs have found better solutions than the traditional approach.

Resident Skills Assessment in Corneal Suturing: A Comprehensive Review of Currently Proposed Educational Programs and Evaluation Tools

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of publications proposing educational programs for resident skills assessment in corneal suturing. Methods An extensive online article search in PubMed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PISMA) reporting guidelines was performed to identify prospective comparative studies or prospective before/after studies published up to March 2021 and reporting the assessment of ophthalmology residents' skills in corneal suturing during dedicated training sessions. Results Three studies were identified for review. The first reported the efficiency of an electromagnetic tracking system placed on the surgeon's fingers coupled with a computer analysis of movements and time to identify surgeons with different backgrounds in corneal suturing. The second reported the efficiency of the reference system in assessing the improvement of corneal suturing conducted by residents after a training session, with video-based assessment for economy and confidence of movement, limiting tissue damage and precision of operative technique, reviewed by blind assessors. The third proposed an innovative remote corneal suturing training method using Zoom for direct feedback to the residents. The stitch quality was assessed for length, depth, radiality, and tension. The results were similar when compared with a group of residents without feedback. Conclusion This review underlines the rarity and disparity of available tools for corneal suturing assessment, justifying the need for more complete models to be designed. These should consider body ergonomics and stitch quality and time. Comparative studies involving novices and attendings may provide reliable evaluation of existing gaps and specific metrics to target, helping residents to approach their superiors' experience.