Stir Cake Sorptive Extraction Research Articles

Evolution and current advances in sorbent-based microextraction configurations

This review overviews the main developments achieved in analytical sample preparation regarding the use of solid sorbents as extractants in different sorbent-based miniaturized, micro-scale and microextraction methods. Two main groups are proposed for the classification of the current approaches, based on their operational mode: micro-solid-phase extraction (µ-SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), while describing their respective main sub-modes: static- and dispersive-µ-SPE, and SPME with fibers and in tube SPME. Furthermore, other important sorbent-based microscale approaches (e.g., stir bar sorptive extraction, stir cake sorptive extraction, stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction, and thin film microextraction, among others) are also considered.

Magnetic stir cake sorptive extraction of trace tetracycline antibiotics in food samples: preparation of metal-organic framework-embedded polyHIPE monolithic composites, validation and application.

In this work, a novel Fe3O4@Cu3(btc)2-embedded polymerized high internal phase emulsion (Fe3O4@HKUST-1-polyHIPE) monolithic cake was synthesized, characterized and used as an adsorbent in the magnetic stir cake sorptive extraction (MSCSE) and determination of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in food samples by a combination of with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The prepared Fe3O4@HKUST-1-polyHIPE monolithic composites displayed a strong extraction ability and high column capacity due to enhanced interactions such as π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. The extraction and desorption conditions were evaluated, and the calibration curves of four spiked TCs were linear (R2 ≥ 0.9991) in the range from 20 to 800ngmL-1 for milk and egg samples, and 20 to 800ngg-1 for chicken muscle and kidney samples. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification of the four TCs by using the proposed MSCSE-HPLC-FLD method were in the range of 1.9-4.6 and 5.5-13.9ngmL-1 for milk and egg samples, and 1.8-3.7 and 5.3-13.0ngg-1 for chicken muscle and kidney samples, respectively. The recoveries of the target TCs from spiked food samples were in the range from 86.6 to 110.7% with relative standard deviations lower than 7.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of these four TCs in milk, egg, chicken muscle, and kidney samples.

Recent Advances in Applications of Ionic Liquids in Miniaturized Microextraction Techniques.

Green sample preparation is one of the most challenging aspects in green analytical chemistry. In this framework, miniaturized microextraction techniques have been developed and are widely performed due to their numerous positive features such as simplicity, limited need for organic solvents, instrumentation of low cost and short time of extraction. Also, ionic liquids (ILs) have unequivocally a “green” character, which they owe to their unique properties including the re-usage, the high reaction efficiency and selectivity in room temperature, the ability to dissolve both organic and inorganic compounds, and thermal stability. In the present review, the recent advances in the application of ionic liquids in miniaturized liquid and solid phase extraction techniques as extractants, intermediate solvents, mediators and desorption solvents are discussed, quoting the advantages and drawbacks of each individual technique. Some of the most important sample preparation techniques covered include solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), single-drop microextraction (SDME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE).

Preparation of an adsorbent based on polymeric ionic liquid for the simultaneous extraction of acidic, basic and neutral pollutants

In this study, coextraction of acidic, basic and neutral pollutants was realized with a new adsorbent based on polymeric ionic liquid (PIL). In the presence of a porogen solvent containing 1-propanol and 1,4-butanediol, an ionic liquid, 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoraborate was used as monomer to copolymerize with dual cross-linkers (divinylbenzene and N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide) to form the adsorbent for stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE). Phenols, aromatic amines and parabens were selected as acidic, basic and neutral model analytes, respectively. The effects of preparation conditions and extraction parameters on the extraction performance of SCSE/PIL were investigated thoroughly. Under the optimized conditions, the prepared adsorbent showed satisfactory coextraction performance to the selected analytes with multiply interactions. At the same time, simple and sensitive analytical method for simultaneous determination of phenols, aromatic amines and parabens in environmental water samples was developed by the combination of SCSE/PIL with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Low limits of detection (S/N=3) and quantification limits (S/N=10) of the proposed method for the targeted analytes were achieved within the range of 0.064–0.30μg/L and 0.21–0.99μg/L, respectively. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-assay variability calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), and it was found that the RSD values were all below 10%. Ultimately, the applicability of developed method was successfully confirmed by analyzing lake, reservoir and river water samples. Recoveries obtained for the determination of targeted analytes in spiking samples ranged from 70.0% to 112%, with RSDs within the range of 1.6–9.8%.

Preparation of a new polymeric ionic liquid-based sorbent for stir cake sorptive extraction of trace antimony in environmental water samples

In this work, a new polymeric ionic liquid (PIL)-based sorbent was prepared by in-situ polymerization of 3-(1-ethyl imidazolium-3-yl) propyl-methacrylamido bromide and ethylene dimethacrylate and was used as medium for stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) of trace antimony in environmental water samples. The sorbent EPBED was characterized with infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. A method for determination of trace antimony in water samples was developed based on the combination of SCSE/EPBED and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the linear dynamic range of developed method was found to be 0.20–100.0μg/L with good coefficients of correlation (R2=0.9904) and LOD value as low as 0.084μg/L. The method showed good reproducibility of results in terms of intra- and inter-day precisions with corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 9%. Recoveries obtained for the determination of antimony in spiked samples ranged from 80.4% to 107% with RSDs below 10% in all cases.

Preparation of a polymeric ionic liquid-based adsorbent for stir cake sorptive extraction of preservatives in orange juices and tea drinks

In this study, a new polymeric ionic liquid-based adsorbent was prepared and used as the extraction medium of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) of three organic acid preservatives, namely, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sorbic acid and cinnamic acid. The adsorbent was synthesized by the copolymerization of 1-ally-3-vinylimidazolium chloride (AV) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in the presence of a porogen solvent containing 1-propanol and 1,4-butanediol. The effect of the content of monomer and the porogen solvent in the polymerization mixture on the extraction performance was investigated thoroughly. The adsorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. To obtain the optimal extraction conditions of SCSE/AVDVB for target analytes, key parameters including desorption solvent, adsorption and desorption time, ionic strength and pH value in sample matrix were studied in detail. The results showed that under the optimized conditions, the SCSE/AVDVB could extract the preservatives effectively through multiply interactions. At the same time, a simple and sensitive method by combining SCSE/AVDVB and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of the target preservatives in orange juices and tea drinks. Low limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification limits (S/N = 10) of the proposed method for the target analytes were achieved within the range of 0.012–0.23 μg/L and 0.039–0.42 μg/L, respectively. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-assay variability calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD), and it was found that the values were all below 10%. Finally, the proposed method was used to detect preservatives in different orange juice and tea drink samples successfully. The recoveries were in the range of 71.9–116%, and the RSDs were below 10% in the all cases.

Sensitive determination of estrogens in environmental waters treated with polymeric ionic liquid-based stir cake sorptive extraction and liquid chromatographic analysis

A simple, sensitive and environmentally friendly method using polymeric ionic liquid-based stir cake sorptive extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) has been developed for efficient quantification of six selected estrogens in environmental waters. To extract trace estrogens effectively, a poly (1-ally-3-vinylimidazolium chloride-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic cake was prepared and used as the sorbent of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE). The effects of preparation conditions of sorbent and extraction parameters of SCSE for estrogens were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the developed method showed satisfactory analytical performance for targeted analytes. Low limits of detection (S/N=3) and quantification limits (S/N=10) were achieved within the range of 0.024–0.057µg/L and 0.08–0.19µg/L, respectively. Good linearity of method was obtained for analytes with the correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.99. At the same time, satisfactory method repeatability and reproducibility was achieved in terms of intra- and inter-day precisions, respectively. Finally, the established SCSE-HPLC/DAD method was successfully applied for the determination of estrogens in different environmental water samples. Recoveries obtained for the determination of estrogens in spiked samples ranged from 71.2% to 108%, with RSDs below 10% in all cases.

Preparation of stir cake sorptive extraction based on polymeric ionic liquid for the enrichment of benzimidazole anthelmintics in water, honey and milk samples

In this work, a new stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) using polymeric ionic liquid monolith as sorbent was prepared. The sorbent was obtained by in situ copolymerization of an ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoro methyl)sulfonyl]imide (AMII) and divinylbenzene (DB) in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide. The influence of the content of ionic liquid and the porogen in the polymerization mixture on extraction performance was studied thoroughly. The physicochemical properties of the polymeric ionic liquid were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The usefulness of SCSE–AMIIDB was demonstrated by the enrichment of trace benzimidazole anthelmintics. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated, and under the optimized conditions, a simple and effective method for the determination of trace benzimidazoles residues in water, milk and honey samples was established by coupling SCSE–AMIIDB with high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (SCSE–AMIIDB–HPLC/DAD). Results indicated that the limits of detection (S/N=3) for target compounds were 0.020–0.072μgL−1, 0.035–0.10μgL−1 and 0.026–0.076μgL−1 in water, milk and honey samples, respectively. In addition, an acceptable reproducibility was achieved by evaluating the repeatability and intermediate precision with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 9% and 11%, respectively. Finally, the established AMII–SCSE–HPLC/DAD method was successfully applied for the determination of benzimidazoles residues in milk, honey and environmental water samples. Recoveries obtained for the determination of benzimidazole anthelmintics in spiking samples ranged from 70.2% to 117.6%, with RSD below 12% in all cases.

Preparation of a new sorbent based on boronate affinity monolith and evaluation of its extraction performance for nitrogen-containing pollutants

In this study, a new boronate affinity sorbent based on poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid-divinylbenzene) monolith (VPB–DB) was prepared and used as extractive medium of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE). The effect of the preparation parameters in the polymerization mixture on extraction performance was investigated thoroughly. The sorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The determination of 8 sulfonamides in environmental water samples with the combination of SCSE and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection was selected as a paradigm for the evaluation of extraction performance of poly(VPB–DB) monolith for nitrogen-containing pollutants. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) and limits of quantification (S/N=10) for the target analytes were 0.0012–0.010 and 0.0040–0.033μg/L, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, repeatability, recoveries and high feasibility. At the same time, aromatic amines, nitrophenols, amide herbicides and sudan dyes were also used to evaluate the extractive performance of the sorbent for nitrogen-containing compounds. Results well indicate that the interaction of boron–nitrogen coordination between sorbent and analytes plays a key role in the extraction of nitrogen-containing compounds.

[Preparation of boronate affinity sorbent and its extraction performance for benzoylurea pesticides]

A new boronate affinity monolithic material was prepared and used as the extraction medium of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE). The porous boronate affinity sorbent was prepared by in situ copolymerization of 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (APB) and divinyl benzene (DVB). To achieve optimum extraction performance for benzoylurea pesticides, several parameters, including desorption solvent, pH value, ionic strength in sample matrix, extraction and desorption times, were investigated in detail. At the same time, a simple, sensitive and environment friendly method for the determination of benzoylurea pesticides in water and juice samples was developed by the combination of SCSE-APBDVB with HPLC equipped with a diode array detector. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) for target analytes were 0.055-0.11 μg/L in water and 0.095-0.31 μg/L in juice. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-assay repeatability calculated as RSD, and it was found that the RSDs were all below 9.0%. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of benzoylurea pesticide residues in water and juice samples and satisfactory recoveries of spiked target compounds were in the range of 75.6%-109%. The results well demonstrate that the new sorbent can extract benzoylurea pesticides effectively through multi-interactions including boron-nitrogen coordination, hydrogen-bond and hydrophobic interactions between sorbent and analytes.

Preparation of sorbent based on porous monolith incorporated with graphene oxide nanosheets for stir cake sorptive extraction of strongly polar aromatic amines

In this study, poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate/graphene oxide) (EDMA/GO) monolith was prepared by one-step in situ polymerization. The porous monolith was used for the first time as the sorbent of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) for the preconcentration of strongly polar aromatic amines (AAs) from water samples. The effect of the content of EDMA and GO in the monolith on the extraction efficiencies was investigated in detail. The sorbent was characterized by elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of polar AAs in environmental water samples by a combination of poly(EDMA/GO)-SCSE and HPLC with diode-array detection was selected as a paradigm for the practical application of the new sorbent. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3.0) of the developed method for AAs ranged from 0.04 to 0.19 μg L−1. Good reproducibility of the method was obtained as intra- and inter-day precisions, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 4.0%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace AAs in environmental water samples. The recoveries of AAs spiked in different matrices ranged from 74.2% to 105%, and RSDs of repeatability ranged from 1.6% to 9.6%.

Preparation a new sorbent based on polymeric ionic liquid for stir cake sorptive extraction of organic compounds and inorganic anions

A new multi-interaction sorbent (MIS) based on polymeric ionic liquid was prepared and used as extractive medium of stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE). In the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, an ionic liquid, 1-vinylbenzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was used as monomer to copolymerize in situ with divinylbenzene to form the MIS. The influences of the content of monomer and the porogen solvent in the polymerization mixture on the extraction performance were investigated thoroughly. The MIS was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Parabens and aromatic amines were used to investigate the extraction performance of MIS-SCSE for apolar and strongly polar analytes, respectively. The extraction parameters for parabens and aromatic amines were optimized. At the same time, simple and sensitive analytical methods for parabens and aromatic amines in real samples were developed by the combination of MIS-SCSE and HPLC/DAD. Some inorganic anions, such as F−, Br−, NO3−, PO43− and SO42−, were used to test the extraction performance of MIS-SCSE for anions. Results indicated that mechanism involved in the extraction of MIS is the multi-interaction modes including π-π, hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonding, dipole–dipole and anion-exchange interactions.

Preparation of stir cake sorptive extraction based on poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) monolith and its application in sensitive determination of β-agonists in milk and swine urine samples

In this study, a new stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) based on poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) (VBADB) monolith was prepared. The effect of preparation conditions of monolith on extraction efficiencies was investigated in detail. Several characteristic techniques, such as elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the monolithic material. The combination of SCSE-VBADB with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) detection was developed for sensitive determination of ultra-trace β-agonists in milk and swine urine samples. In order to obtain the optimal extraction conditions of SCSE-VBADB for β-agonists, several extractive parameters, including pH values and ionic strength in sample matrix, extraction and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) for the target analytes were 0.007–0.030μg/L in milk and 0.002–0.011μg/L in swine urine, respectively. Excellent method reproducibility was achieved in terms of intraday and interday precisions, indicated by the RSDs of both <10.0%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to detect β-agonists in different milk and swine urines samples. Acceptable recoveries ranged from 50.3% to 113% and 50.1% to 92.2% for milk and swine urine samples, respectively; and the RSDs for reproducibility were less than 8.0% for target analytes in all real samples.

Sensitive determination of organic acid preservatives in juices and soft drinks treated by monolith-based stir cake sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography analysis

A simple, efficient, and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), and cinnamic acid (CA) in juices and soft drinks was developed by stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) coupling to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The SCSE based on polymeric ionic liquid-based monolith (PILM) as extractive medium was used to concentrate these three organic acid preservatives. Because hydrophobic and ion-exchange interactions co-contributed to the extraction, the PILM-SCSE exhibited a high extractive capability towards analytes. To obtain optimum extraction performance, several SCSE parameters were investigated and discussed, including desorption solvent, pH value, ionic strength in the sample matrix, and the extraction and desorption time. Under the optimized extraction conditions, limits of detection of 0.16, 1.08, and 0.18 μg/L (S/N=3) and quantification limits of 0.52, 3.42, and 0.61 (S/N=10) were obtained for SA, BA, and CA, respectively. The method also showed good linearity and reproducibility, as well as advantages such as simplicity, low cost, and high feasibility. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of SA, BA, and CA in real juices and soft drinks, and the recoveries ranged from 63.0 to 107 %.

Preparation of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Based on o -Nitrophenol Imprinted Polymer and Its Extraction Performance

A new stir cake sorptive extraction(SCSE) based on molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) with bisphenol A(BPA) as template was prepared.The effect of preparation conditions on the extraction performance of MIP-SCSE was studied.Then,a methodology combined the stir cake sorptive extraction and liquid desorption,followed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection for the direct analysis of traces of bisphenol A(BPA) in water was developed.To achieve the optimum extraction performance,several main parameters,including pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix,extraction and desorption time,were investigated.Under the optimized experimental conditions,the method showed good linearity between 1-200 μg/L for BPA.The detection limit(S/N=3) and quantification limit(S/N=10) of the proposed method for BPA was 0.67 and 2.24 μg/L,respectively.The recoveries of spiked target compound in real samples ranged from 86.2%-112.2%.The MIP-SCSE shows excellent longevity and can be used more than 600 h.

New monolithic stir-cake-sorptive extraction for the determination of polar phenols by HPLC

A novel porous monolith has been prepared and used as a sorbent in stir-cake-sorptive extraction (SCSE). The monolithic material was prepared by in-situ copolymerization of allyl thiourea (AT) and divinylbenzene (DB) in the presence of dimethylformamide as a porogen solvent. To optimize the polymerization conditions, different monoliths with different ratios of functional monomer to porogenic solvent were prepared, and their extraction efficiency was investigated in detail. The monolith was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of polar phenols in environmental water samples by a combination of ATDB-SCSE and HPLC with diode-array detection was selected as a model for the practical application of the new sorbent. Several extraction conditions, including extraction and desorption time, pH, and ionic strength of the sample matrix were optimized. The results showed that the new monolith had high affinity for polar phenols and could be used to extract them effectively. Under the optimum conditions, low detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) limits were achieved for the phenols, within the ranges 0.18-0.90 and 0.59-2.97 μg L(-1), respectively. The linearity of the method was good, and the method enabled simple, practical, and low-cost extraction of these analytes. The distribution coefficients between ATDB and water (K(ATDB/W)) were calculated for the phenolic compounds and compared with K(O/W). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the compounds in three environmental water samples, with acceptable recovery and satisfactory repeatability.

Preparation of a new polymeric ionic liquid-based monolith for stir cake sorptive extraction and its application in the extraction of inorganic anions

In this study, a novel stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) sorbent based on polymeric ionic liquid-based monolith (PILM) for the extraction of inorganic anions was prepared. In the presence of a porogen solvent containing 1-propanol and dimethylformamid, an ionic liquid, 1-ally-3-methylimidazolium chloride was used as monomer to copolymerize in situ with ethylene dimethacrylate to form PILM. The effect of preparation conditions such as ratio of functional monomer to cross-linker, content of porogenic solvent on the extraction efficiencies were investigated in detail. The PILM was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and infrared spectroscopy. In order to investigate the extraction capacity of PILM-SCSE for inorganic anions, the SCSE was combined with ion chromatography with conductivity detection, F−, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, PO43− and SO42− were selected as detected solutes. Several extractive parameters, including pH values in sample matrix, desorption solvent, extraction and desorption time were optimized. The results showed that under the optimum experimental conditions, low detection limits (S/N=3) and quantification limits (S/N=10) of the proposed method for the target anions were achieved within the range of 0.11–2.08 and 0.37–6.88μg/L, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, simplicity, practicality and low cost for the extraction inorganic anions. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to detect different water samples include commercial purified water, tab water and river water. Acceptable recoveries and satisfactory repeatability were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to use polymeric ionic liquid to enrich inorganic anions.

Preparation of Stir Cake Sorptive Extraction Based on Bisphenol A Imprinted Polymer and Its Extraction Performance

A new stir cake sorptive extraction(SCSE) based on molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) with bisphenol A(BPA) as template was prepared.The effect of preparation conditions on the extraction performance of MIP-SCSE was studied.Then,a methodology combined the stir cake sorptive extraction and liquid desorption,followed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection for the direct analysis of traces of bisphenol A(BPA) in water was developed.To achieve the optimum extraction performance,several main parameters,including pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix,extraction and desorption time,were investigated.Under the optimized experimental conditions,the method showed good linearity between 1-200 μg/L for BPA.The detection limit(S/N=3) and quantification limit(S/N=10) of the proposed method for BPA was 0.67 and 2.24 μg/L,respectively.The recoveries of spiked target compound in real samples ranged from 86.2%-112.2%.The MIP-SCSE shows excellent longevity and can be used more than 600 h.

Novel extraction approach for liquid samples: Stir cake sorptive extraction using monolith

In this study, a new extraction approach for liquid samples--stir cake sorptive extraction using monoliths as extractive medium was developed. The preparation procedure of stir cake is very simple. First, monolithic cake is synthesized according to the in situ polymerization of monolith; then, the cake is inserted in an original unit (holder), which is constructed from a syringe cartridge and allows the magnetic stirring of the cake during the extraction process. The effects of dimension of monolithic cake and unit design on the extraction performance were optimized in detail. To demonstrate the usability of this new extraction approach, poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) was prepared and acted as the extractive cake. The analysis of steroid hormones in milk samples by the combination of stir cake with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, was selected as a paradigm for the practical evaluation of stir cake sorptive extraction. Under the optimized extraction conditions, low detection limits (S/N=3) and quantification limits (S/N=10) of the proposed method for the target analytes were achieved within the range between 0.33-0.69 and 1.08-2.28 μg/L, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, repeatability, high feasibility and acceptable recoveries. Because the monolithic cake does not contact with the vessel wall during stirring, there is no friction loss of extractive medium and the stir cake can be used for more than 1000 h.