Stimulus Program Research Articles

Agile leadership and its relationship to crisis management among the heads of scientific departments at King Abdulaziz University from the point of view of faculty members

The study aimed to identify the relationship between agile leadership and crisis management among the heads of scientific departments at King Abdulaziz University from the point of view of the faculty members. The study used the descriptive correlative method, and the study sample consisted of (359) members, The questionnaire was the tool used to collect study data. The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which were: The dimensions of agile leadership among the heads of scientific departments at the university are generally available at a medium degree, with the average approval of the study sample members on the degree of availability of all these dimensions (3.19), And that the heads of scientific departments at the university practice crisis management operations to a medium degree in general, with an average of (3.13), and the results of the study revealed positive relationship with statistical significance between the degree of availability of dimensions of agile leadership and the level of crisis management practice among the heads of scientific departments, as all The values ​​of Pearson correlation coefficients are positive and function at the significance level (0.01), The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of the study sample to the difference of the type of college and gender. The study recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: The necessity of working to provide the necessary training programs for heads of scientific departments that contribute to increasing the level of awareness of the importance of agile leadership practices and their role in addressing and managing crises, Contribute to providing the necessary requirements to achieve the practices of agile leadership in a way that achieves its objectives in the academic work, adopting the necessary material and moral stimulus programs for the heads of scientific departments, which contributes to increasing their motivation towards agile leadership practices and its role in crisis management.

Initiation of Low Carbon Economic Stimulus Policy on MSME Waster Management Post Covid-19 in Indonesia

The problem of waste management has become a concern for almost all countries, including Indonesia. In addition, on the other hand, Indonesia also still needs strengthening in the direction of the MSME sector. Therefore, the Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas, through the Directorate of SME and Cooperative Development took the initiative to establish a low-carbon economic stimulus program aimed at the MSME sector to improve waste management and restore environmental damage in Indonesia as well as improve the welfare of MSME. This study aims to formulate an ideal model in providing low-carbon economic stimulus to MSME to create sustainable economic development using a secondary data approach. This study found that the low-carbon economic stimulus can be a concrete and solution step from the government as a credit risk management program in providing financing in creating MSME management based on sustainable development in waste management provided that stakeholders can maintain coordination and seriousness carrying out their roles and responsibilities.

233.6: Fatigue and Resilience in Organ and Tissue Transplant Patients Facing the Pandemic of COVID-19

Background/Aims: For organ and tissue transplant recipients, the pandemic of COVID-19 caused several uncertainties, especially the fear of contagion, which may have been one of the stressors. On the other hand, when facing this adversity situation, some transplant recipients, overcome it beneficially, performing their resilience. The objective of this study is to analyze the fatigue and resilience of organ and tissue transplant recipients in the pandemic of COVID-19 in Brazil. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, carried out with organ and tissue transplanted patients in Brazil. The inclusion criteria were: patients who performed organ and tissue transplantation at least three months ago in the pandemic. Data collection occurred through disclosure in social networks and web pages between January and April 2021, with the instruments: sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, Wagnild and Yong’s resilience scale and the pictogram of fatigue. The data were organized after importing Microsoft Excel spreadsheets from REDCap. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting statistical significance of p<0.05. The study was approved by an institutional ethics committee and complies with national and international guidelines for research with human beings. Results: 548 organ and tissue transplant recipients participated in the study. The mean age of transplant recipients was 45.58 years (SD: 56.40), 325 (59.31%) were mostly female, 318 (58.03%) were white, 280 had completed higher education (51.57%) and from the Southeast region 338 (61.68%). The mean time of transplantation was 6.95 years (SD: 6.83) and the occurrence of fatigue was 4.27 months (SD: 12.05). The rinse transplants 320 (58.39%), liver 131 (23.91%), heart 27 (4.93%) and cornea 21 (3.83%) stand out. Flexibility transplants were more resilient and corneal transplants were more fatigued. Individuals who perform informal work and had no other symptoms were more resilient (p=0.022, p<0.001, respectively). Females had their fatigue intensity classified as “moderately tired” (p<0.001) and those with a partner as “a little tired” (p=0.021). Conclusion: The stressors arising from the pandemic moment may have led to an increase in fatigue and moderate performance of resilience in organ and tissue transplant patients, which indicates a need for health professionals to support and carry out stimulus programs to increase resilience and fatigue reduction. We thank all the transplant recipients who took the time to answer the survey. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on post-stroke depression (PSD). MethodsDatabases were searched through February 2021. Randomized Controlled Trial(RCT) investigating the efficacy of tDCS in PSD using a standardized depression scale as outcome measure was included. The Cochrane Manual of Systematic Evaluation 5.1.0 bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Effect sizes were calculated from extracted data and combined for an overall summary statistic. ResultsEight studies involving 412 patients were included. These trials revealed a significant pooled effect size (standardized mean differences(SMD) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.02–2.19, P < 0.00001). For the subgroup analyses, neither comparisons of high- vs low-intensity or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex vs primary motor cortex revealed a significant result. tDCS had no obvious effect on the anxiety state in patients with PSD(SMD = 1.09, 95% CI, −0.22 to 2.40, P = 0.10), while it resulted in improved ability of daily life(ADL) in these patients(SMD = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.16–1.48, P = 0.01) ConclusionstDCS has an effect on improvement in PSD, while it is still not clear which stimulus program is best. SignificanceFurther trials with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the best and most effective tDCS regimen and to realize potential clinical applications.

THE COST OF GREENING STIMULUS: A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE SCRAPPAGE PROGRAMS

AbstractThis article investigates the potential trade‐off between the stimulus and environmental objectives in the context of the U.S. vehicle scrappage program. We develop and estimate a dynamic model of vehicle ownership and conduct a counterfactual analysis comparing the implemented policy with alternative designs. We find the cost of the implemented policy 25% higher in terms of induced sales and 64% higher in terms of induced spending than a policy design without the environmental objective. The findings serve as a caution for green stimulus programs to address both climate change and the economic crisis from the ongoing pandemic.

Germany as the European Union’s status quo power? Continuity and change in the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT In July 2020 the European Council adopted the new multiannual financial framework (MFF) and the additional European recovery budget ‘Next Generation EU’ (NGEU). Certainly, this agreement marked a clear change in German European policy. Germany was not only prepared to pay significantly higher contributions to the EU budget, but also accepted to launch an additional European economic stimulus programme that will be financed through European common debt. However, Germany insisted on significant constraints and substantive limitations in scope of these new instruments. This restrictive, hesitant and rather defensive policy of prevention can be explained by Germany’s role as status quo-power (SQP) in the European Union (EU). This role implies that Germany is trying to preserve the existing status quo, the agreed structures and rules, and is only prepared to agree to far-reaching changes if this status quo or even the existence of the EU itself appear to be at risk.

Socio-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from India and Bangladesh

ABSTRACT COVID-19 has destabilized economies, lives all over the globe with devastating impacts. Physical and mental health suffered hugely due to this pandemic. Moreover, educational institutes were forced to shift from offline to online mode. This study aims to identify critical societal constructs which got impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India and Bangladesh. Further, a comparative analysis has been carried out to assess these impacts between these two countries from a social science point of view. A cross-sectional study has been conducted through a structured questionnaire based on pilot study. Google Survey form link of questionnaire was active from March 15, 2020 to July 14, 2020 in which 1023 responses were received with a response rate of 54%. After the elimination of missing responses, 802 complete responses were finally coded on 48 variables including demographic profile of the respondents. Factor analysis is used to identify critical constructs of the study whereas hypothesis testing to carry out for comparative understanding. The study found that COVID-19 pandemic has severely impact on psychological, educational, economic, and social aspects of both countries whereas Bangladesh has significant adverse impact than India. Economic stimulus program such as tax exemption, EMI moratoriums, mental health training, E-learning, low interest rate of soft loan disbursement are noteworthy requirement to overcome the adverse impact of COVID-19.

Consumption response to temporary price shock: Evidence from Singapore's annual sale event

Exploiting debit card and credit card transactions of a large, representative sample of consumers from a leading bank in Singapore, we examine the consumption response to an anticipated, transitory price shock generated by the nation-wide annual sale event. Consumers significantly increase their spending during the sale event. More importantly, we find inter-temporal substitution where consumers spend less immediately before the event, and cross-categorical substitution behavior where consumers decrease spending in items unaffected by the sale event. However, consumers exhibit little substitution behavior when they use credit cards or when they are liquidity constrained, highlighting the importance of heterogeneity in assessing the aggregate impact of such stimulus programs.

Reasoning, Representing, and Generalizing in Geometric Proof Problems among 8th Grade Talented Students

Proof, a key topic in advanced mathematics, also forms an essential part of the formal learning experience at all levels of education. The reason is that the argumentation involved calls for pondering ideas in depth, organizing knowledge, and comparing different points of view. Geometry, characterized by the interaction between the visual appearance of geometric elements and the conceptual understanding of their meaning required to generate precise explanations, is one of the foremost areas for research on proof and argumentation. In this qualitative analysis of the arguments formulated by participants in an extracurricular mathematics stimulus program, we categorized students’ replies on the grounds of reasoning styles, representations used, and levels of generality. The problems were proposed in a lesson on a quotient set based on the similarity among triangles created with Geogebra and the responses were gathered through a Google form. By means a content analysis, the results inform about the reasoning style, the scope of the argumentation, and the representation used. The findings show that neither reasoning styles nor the representations used conditioned the level of generality, although higher levels of argumentation were favored by harmonic and analytical reasoning and the use of algebraic representations.

Prospective Primary Teachers’ Didactic-Mathematical Knowledge in a Service-Learning Project for Inclusion

An analysis of the didactic-mathematical knowledge put into play by a sample of 30 prospective primary teachers during their participation in a Service-Learning program focused on mathematical stimulation as a measure of attention to adolescents at risk of social exclusion is presented. The program aimed to respond to current training demands by promoting the development of mathematics-specific professional competencies, as well as social skills to interact with students, and to positively influence the prospective teachers’ affection towards mathematics and its teaching. It was developed during three academic years in two phases: the learning module was oriented to the presentation of the mathematical stimulus program and the didactical analysis of the STEAM activities knocking it into shape; in the service module, the participants implemented the activities in an educational center with students at risk of social exclusion. The analysis was carried out from the video recordings of the sessions, the future teachers’ written reports with the analysis of the activities, questionnaires on the didactic-mathematical knowledge and a satisfaction test. The results show difficulties on the part of the future teachers to analyze some of the activities of the program, which seems to have its origin in their poor command of the common knowledge of the mathematical content, which also limits them when it comes to managing the activities in the way expected for the stimulus program. All in all, participation in the program was positively assessed by them in relation to its usefulness for their training. The potential benefit of Service-Learning programs such as the one addressed here in the face of a positive impact on the affections towards mathematics is concluded, as a necessary step for a more effective acquisition of didactic-mathematical knowledge and skills in the initial training.

NEW ECONOMIC CHALLENGES TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently engulfing the world, including Indonesia, causing various impacts including the economic sector, one of which has a major impact on the international business world. This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 international economic and business challenges in Indonesia today. This type of research is a research with data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study show the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy, including the international business economy. From the impact of this pandemic, the decline in demand for international products and the inhibition of production and export imports because the raw materials come from outside countries, the impact of this pandemic affects the realization of investment realization is hampered. No exception, investors who plan to invest in Islamic businesses. The increasing risk of Islamic financial institutions from this challenge international economic and business strategies can overcome the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hoped that international economic and business actors will show empathy and solidarity with stakeholders. international business people develop more profitable business strategies. International business players take advantage of and support the government's stimulus program. Banking and other financial institutions must start revising their growth targets, implementing digital transaction technology in one solution. The international economy and business can play a role in recovering from economic shocks by prioritizing the achievement of the objectives of the international business strategyImpact of Covid-19Impact of Covid-19Impact of Covid-19

Serving multiple ‘masters’: Evidence from the loan decisions of a publicly listed state-owned bank around a massive economic stimulus programme

Using China's 2008 four-trillion-yuan economic stimulus as a setting and proprietary loan data, we study how a large publicly listed state-owned bank responds to the government's countercyclical financing initiative while trying to meet the expectations of bank regulators and public investors. We find that the bank exhibited little changes in the process of setting internal credit ratings of borrowers, and internal ratings remain a valid, albeit weaker, predictor of interest rates in the stimulus period. Interest rates also remain a valid predictor of loan delinquency in the stimulus period. Evidence from analyzing unlisted borrowers is broadly similar. Overall, there is no systematic evidence that loan decisions of the state-owned bank are severely compromised in the stimulus period. The study adds to the limited understanding of how partially privatized state-owned banks balance different objectives in managing credit risk and is relevant to the longstanding debate over the roles of state-owned banks.

International Inequality and the COVID-19 Pandemic

The lockdowns and stimulus programmes that governments have adopted to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated economic crisis have affected the distribution of income and production within and between countries. Considering both, current evidence indicates that the EU-wide and global inequality of disposable income did not change dramatically in 2020. However, the unequal impact on the wealth and health of people is likely to worsen income inequality in the future.

Effects of a Linear Innovation Policy in Non-linear Innovation Sectors: Empirical Study in Strategic Sectors of the State of Mexico

This article takes up the discussion of the different models of innovation to understand science, technology and innovation policy in Mexico. The main objective of this research is to identify the effects of the innovation policy in Mexico in strategic sectors of the State of Mexico, through public policy instruments focused on encouraging technological innovation in companies in the State of Mexico. Another objective of this study is to add to the development of the theoretical framework of the innovation policy that helps to design better instruments that promote innovation in diverse technological sectors. The main instrument for promoting innovation in companies in Mexico, recognized in the last 20 years, the Innovation Stimulus Program (PEI), is analyzed to find out the impact of a public policy instrument that follows a linear model in companies of strategic sectors of the State of Mexico that follows a non-linear model of innovation. PEI serves companies of different sizes and purposes, it operates under three modalities: INNOVAPYME (aimed at micro, small and medium-sized companies), INNOVATEC (aimed at large companies) and PROINNOVA (companies of any size that present proposals in connection with at least two Higher Education Institutions or Research Centers). For this study, the focus is oriented to companies from strategic sectors of State of Mexico that are dedicated to innovation activities in the areas of the chemical, agro-food, health, automotive, new materials and plastics technology industries, technologies focused on sustainable development, and information technologies. The main strategic sectors of innovation defined in the State of Mexico follow a non-linear model of innovation, but government programs dedicated to encouraging innovation in companies seem to focus on linear innovation processes. Regarding the methodology, quantitative methods are used to know the effect of policy instruments in strategic sectors of the State of Mexico, a microeconomic analysis is supported through the Survey on Innovation and Technological Development (ESIDET) 2017. By knowing the effects of the main instrument of innovation policy in Mexico, it is possible to identify the role of the state government to strengthen these efforts, complement or improve them. The results present some concrete recommendations on the design of public policies to achieve the greatest benefits in investment in STI to promote regional technological innovation in strategic sectors.

Optimizing Policy Design – Evidence from a Large-scale Staged Fiscal Stimulus Program

Optimizing Policy Design – Evidence from a Large-scale Staged Fiscal Stimulus Program

НАПРЯМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Full-scale aggression and the introduction of martial law became a severe challenge to the banking sector's stability. In such conditions, the banks need qualitatively new approaches to ensuring and maintaining financial stability. The article defines the prerequisites and mechanisms for maintaining the stable financial condition of banks in conditions of the unfavorable influence of external factors. We have identified the trends of changes in the number of financial institutions and the main problems faced by banks that ceased their activities. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of banking sector assets showed an increase in the share of state banks in the market, which can be explained both by a specific reduction in the volume of activities of private banks and by the intensification of investment operations of state banks with state securities. The increase in the share of non-performing loans and the application of extension programs harmed banks' financial results. Banks' regulatory capital was sufficient to cover currency, credit, and operational risks. Despite the decrease in regulatory capital in the first half of 2022, the banking sector found resources for its gradual recovery in the second half of the year. According to the authors, the directions for maintaining the financial stability of the banking sector under martial law are: adequate prudential supervision aimed at identifying existing or potential vulnerabilities of the banking system, searching for effective risk management mechanisms, ensuring access to refinancing, maintaining competition in the banking sector; improvement of credit risk management, which involves a qualitative assessment of the potential amount of losses, identification of sources of their coverage, a balanced policy of debt restructuring and effective communication with borrowers; further expansion of the use of digital tools and service channels. An equally important direction is the involvement of banks in the recovery of the economy and the implementation of state and international stimulus programs.

THE POLICY MODEL OF DIGITAL-BASED MICRO-BUSINESS ASSISTANCE FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY DURING THE PANDEMIC

Micro-businesses have an essential role in driving an economic revival in Indonesia. However, they are particularly vulnerable during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the long-term viability of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the financing, production, distribution, and market demand. This paper argues that an assistance policy model for micro-businesses accelerating the economy during a pandemic is needed. It also raises the question of how government policies in developing micro-businesses. The library method, which relied on secondary data, was used to conduct the research. The result suggests that the ideal assistance model policy for MSMEs in accelerating the regional economy is by using platform-based digital technology so that the flexibility of purchasing raw materials to sales can be integrated into one and reach all consumers around the world. Government policies in developing MSMEs in the new normal era include launching the National Economic Recovery Program, as mandated by Government Regulation Number 23 of 2020, implementing stimulus programs for MSMEs such as interest subsidies and restructuring.

STRATEGI BERTAHAN MASYARAKAT DENPASAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID- 19 (STUDI PADA PENERIMA PROGRAM STIMULUS PIP2)

The pandemic has an impact on the economic decline of the people in Bali, especially in Denpasar, which is the provincial capital. The government has taken various ways to help people survive in difficult times. This study aims to analyze and describe the resilience strategy of the Denpasar City community during the COVID-19 pandemic by observing the recipients of the PIP2 (Pandemic Incubation Program) stimulus program. Collecting research data using a questionnaire method (Google Form), interviews with respondents (either directly or indirectly/WhatsApp), and documentation. The data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively using a cultural studies approach. In this study, it was found that the stimulus program provided by the Denpasar City Government was welcomed by people who had a Denpasar ID card by submitting a proposal for submitting funds by showing the business being developed. Capital in the form of cash received can be used to expand their business even though only a few participants are able to survive until the program ends. In addition to continuing to innovate products through direct or by WhatsApp discussions with a business incubator as a companion, participants who received the PIP2 stimulus program also used social media to sell products. Keywords: Community, Denpasar, Program, Resilience, Stimulus, Strategy

The Effect of the Paycheck Protection Program and Financial Reporting Standards on Bank Risk-Taking

This paper examines the consequences of the paycheck protection program (PPP) for bank risk-taking and whether the shift to the current expected credit loss (CECL) model moderates this effect. We find that the extent of a bank’s PPP participation is associated with relatively greater changes in risk-taking outside of the PPP. We also show that this effect is concentrated in banks that have not early adopted the CECL model and banks with timelier pre-PPP loan loss provisions, suggesting that timelier loan loss recognition constrains risk-taking incentives. Overall, our findings provide insight into the indirect consequences of government stimulus programs administered through banks and the role of accounting in constraining bank risk-taking. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Opportunities for Using Technology Industry 4.0 to Overcome the Negative Effect of The Covid-19 Pandemi

Currently the Covid-19 pandemic has affected us a lot, both in personal behavior, or especially in the economic sector which continues to deteriorate due to the closure of regions and / or restrictions on human movement. Many companies have closed, and many have become bankrupt because they had to close their companies. Various stimulus programs and efforts have been made by both the companies themselves and each countries to overcome this problem. On the other hand, in Indonesia the concept of Industry 4.0, which is currently developing rapidly, was proclaimed by President Joko Widodo at the beginning of his second term government. The concept of Industry 4.0 has been developed since 2015 and is now still under developing to be applied in the world. This concept is based on digitalization and ICT networks to carry out production. In addition, the goal of the industrial 4.0 concept is to produce a production system capable of producing revolutionary system that can produce customized product taht being produce in mass production way and therefore able to open up a new market niche. Since then, there are much progress been done by the government in its efforts to apply the industry 4.0 concept to all lines. But the problem is, is it true that what is being implemented is industry 4.0? Also, will the technologies and management concepts promoted by Industry 4.0 be able to overcome the current Covid-19 pandemic conditions if they have been implemented? This paper seeks to explore this theoretically, by looking at key technologies from Industry 4.0 that might solve the problem of the Covid-19 pandemic. There are several technologies from Industry 4.0 that can overcome the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, for example AI and Additive manufacturing. It is hoped that from the results of this research experience can be drawn for the application of industry 4.0, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic.Keywords: Industry 4.0, Covid-19 Pandemic, industry challenges