Stimulating Substance Research Articles

The Perplexing Mental Health Comorbidity of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS): A Case Study

The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is an unusual and uncommon condition that falls under the umbrella of neurology and psychiatry. It is characterized by the presence of complex perceptual and visual discord. Additionally, there are visual hallucinations that are multi-dimensional. This syndrome was first described by John Todd in the 1950s, and it was loosely based on the book Alice in Wonderland. A man in his 30s arrived at his doctor’s appointment with a chief complaint of a pounding cluster headache that lasted over a full day. In addition, he mentioned that there was an aura preceding his headaches. The pain was so intense, it was debilitating him from routine activities. Before the headaches, he explained that he would sense bizarre physical and visual behaviors. During these episodes, he explained that things around him appeared distorted and of various sizes. Things in his room appeared to be more distant than they really were and larger in size (macropsia and micropsia). He described the fingers on his right hand to be much smaller compared to his left hand (micropsia). Objects around him were deformed and distorted (metamorphopsia). His symptoms lasted 45 minutes. He did not suffer from any previous headaches or hallucinations. He was a healthy man with a clean bill of health as per his medical records. Upon examination, the attending physician described the patient as alert, oriented to time and place, and under no obvious distress. All labs performed returned normal including a 10-panel drug test. These were tested to see if he was under the influence of any narcotic, stimulant, or other substances. The physician prescribed 500 mg of valproic acid to take daily. Three months later during his follow-up, he mentioned his symptoms had subsided but were still present. His dose was again increased to 1000 mg/day, eventually stopping all further symptoms from surfacing. He has not had another episode in three months. The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is known to be associated with headaches with preceding auras. It is common in the pediatric and adult populations. In this paper, I introduce a case of a patient who displays migraines with preceding auras, indicative of AIWS.

Hopf and Turing bifurcation for a competition and cooperation system with spatial diffusion effect

Populations diffuse in the spatial domain for better habitat and compete for enriching resources for survival and evolution. Some behaviors or chemicals from the species’ competitive interactions will occur and have feedback to affect their growth. In this work, we construct a competitive system with diffusion and stimulatory chemicals to investigate the dynamics of competitive species. We first study the existence of the positive steady-state and obtain the related conditions. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of diffusion and stimulating substances on the dynamics of the species concentration. Without diffusion effect, the stimulatory chemicals will contribute to the oscillation of the species concentration if the production rate of the chemicals is greater than the critical value. The diffusion phenomenon in the system causes Turing instability, leading to the non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the species concentration. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical conclusions in this work.

Growth, seed yield and guran yield of guar plants as affected by using cattle manure and some stimulant substances

Growth, seed yield and guran yield of guar plants as affected by using cattle manure and some stimulant substances

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) growth, productivity and essential oil yield under different sowing methods and some stimulant substances

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) growth, productivity and essential oil yield under different sowing methods and some stimulant substances

The Opioid Crisis, Health, Healthcare, and Crime: A Review of Quasi-Experimental Economic Studies

We review quasi-experimental studies that examine the relationship of opioids to health, healthcare, and crime in the U.S. Our findings align with the general perception that the opioid crisis has negatively impacted health and increased healthcare costs; we find limited evidence that appropriate opioid use enhances work capacity or carries other benefits. Extant studies suggest that opioids also increase crime, although the link is not as strong as has been observed in previous drug epidemics. This finding is consistent with the fact that opioids are pharmacologically different than stimulant substances like cocaine that have dominated earlier drug epidemic periods. We argue that the healthcare system has a potentially important role to play in combatting the opioid crisis, largely through the provision of treatments that address underlying addiction, and through the development of strategies to effectively curtail access to the drugs.

CHALLENGES AND COPING STRATEGIES OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED ADULTS: A BRIEF EXPLORATORY SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

People, unlike most animals are born vulnerable, and they need to be nurtured and raised in a safe environment to thrive and survive. Human development is holistic and complicated. Much of development is dependent on learning through senses such as sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. People need all these senses to learn the world around them. Worldwide about 253 million people have visual impairment (VI) problem (WHO, 2018). Depending on the type of visual problem (congenital or adventitious), VI makes life difficult for people infected compared to sighted people. People with VI face challenges such as unemployment, injuries through falling and accidents, low-self-esteem, isolation, depression, and difficulty in mobility within communities. The purpose of this literature study was to congregate relevant information on VI and coping strategies in South Africa. Articles reviewed were identified through search engines such as JSTOR, Google Scholar, Boloka-NWU Institutional Repository (NWUIR), ProQuest, EBSCOHost, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science were the databases and search engines used in the search. The data collected was then further presented and analysed using Atlas Ti-version 8.4.23 software. The results of this literature study found that people with VI face psychological challenges such as depression, low self-esteem, loss of self-worth and emotional distress. The results further point out that physical challenges are also experienced such as frequent falls, lack of societal resources, inability to perform daily living activities such as cooking, and transportation and mobility. Lastly people with VI also experienced social challenges and environmental challenges such unemployment, unable to use technology and poor quality of life. To cope with challenges, people with VI utilize strategies such strategic planning, meaning making, engage in mind stimulating activities, avoidance coping, substance abuse, family acceptance and optimism.

Cocaine and Amphetamine Induced Cardiac Arrest - Case Report

Amphetamines and cocaine belong to a family of medications known as stimulants, which increase the speed of neurotransmission in which the brain relays instructions to the rest of the body. Stimulants directly affect the central nervous system and boost metabolic rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and attention. More briefly, stimulants are psychoactive agents that produce short-term enhancements in physical or mental performance and are commonly referred to as "uppers." To name a few, cocaine, ecstasy, and dexamphetamine are widely used stimulants while Ice (crystal methamphetamine) is the most powerful abusive stimulant substance.

Caffeine ingestion by students at the Brazil faculty of medicine: a prospective observational cross-sectional study

Introduction: In higher education, the consumption of stimulant substances such as coffee is increasing intensely due to the high demand of concentration and disposition of individuals. This occurs mainly among medical students. Objective: It was to quantify and analyze caffeine intake and its effects on medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of Catanduva, Centro Universitário Padre Albino (UNIFIPA). Methods: This study followed a prospective observational cross-sectional model, following the rules of clinical research of the STROBE. Data collection took place from June 2019, through an objective questionnaire and self-application, which was answered by students from the first to the sixth year of FAMECA who were interested in answering and contributing to the research, which had as objective to quantify and analyze the use of caffeine, in addition to its motivations and side effects on the physiology of these students. This study was analyzed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee according to a substantiated opinion number 5,347,594, and obtaining the Informed Consent Form. For data analysis, a common descriptive analysis was performed, obtaining the values of total N, and statistical percentage (%) for all predictors. The One-Way test (ANOVA) was applied, adopting the α level lower than 0.05, with a statistically significant difference for the 95% CI. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that a very large number of university students ingest caffeine. Most of the students started consumption in the pre-college course and in college, with the aim of compensating for sleep, because they like the taste of energy drinks and improve academic performance, due to the intense routine due to the high workload requires greater attention, in order to to meet the demand for studies. Most students consume moderately caffeine, which is not harmful to health. However, a minority ingest excessive amounts of substances that contain caffeine and side effects are noted. Among these, the ones that stood out were stomach problems, anxiety and tachycardia. Thus, even representing the minority, it is of fundamental importance to carry out more studies on this topic. With this, it will be possible to provide more information to the population so that it is able to assess the impacts of the use of stimulants in clinical practice, in order to minimize possible adverse effects. Finally, the population will be able to use caffeine properly, according to the recommended dose, avoiding major health problems.

Acute Effects of Caffeine on Overall Performance in Basketball Players—A Systematic Review

Caffeine supplementation has become increasingly popular among athletes. The benefits of caffeine include delaying the negative effects of fatigue, maintaining a high level of physical and mental performance, and improving certain abilities necessary for sport success. Given the complex nature of basketball, caffeine could be a legal, ergogenic stimulant substance, which will positively affect overall basketball performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize evidence for the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on variables related to the basketball performance. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases were searched up to February 2021. Studies that measured the acute effect of caffeine on basketball performance were included and analyzed. Eight studies published between 2000 and 2021 were included in the analysis. Pre-exercise caffeine intake increased vertical jump height, running time at 10 and 20 m without the ball, overall basketball performance (number of body impacts, number of free throws, rebounds, and assists) during simulated games, and reduced the time required to perform a basketball-specific agility test. Equivocal results between caffeine and placebo groups were found for aerobic capacity, free throw and three-point accuracy, and dribbling speed. Pre-exercise caffeine ingestion did not affect RPE, but insomnia and urinary excretion were increased. The pre-exercise ingestion of 3 and 6 mg/kg caffeine was found to be effective in increasing several physical performance variables in basketball players during sport-specific testing and simulated matches. However, considering the intermittent nature and complexity of basketball, and individual differences between players, future studies are needed.

In Vitro Metabolic Study of Four Synthetic Cathinones: 4-MPD, 2-NMC, 4F-PHP and bk-EPDP.

The use of illicit drugs is exceedingly prevalent in society, and several of them can be illegally purchased from the internet. This occurrence is particularly augmented by the rapid emergence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), which are sold and distributed as “legal highs”. Amongst NPS, the class of synthetic cathinones represents stimulant substances exhibiting similar effects to amphetamine and its derivatives. Despite potentially being less psychoactive than amphetamine, synthetic cathinones are harmful substances for humans, and little or no information is available regarding their pharmacology and toxicology. The present study investigated the in vitro metabolism and metabolites of four recent synthetic cathinones, namely, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(methylamino)-pentanone (4-MPD), 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-dimethylamino-propanone (2-NMC), 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl-hexanone (4F-PHP) and 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)-1-pentanone (bk-EPDP). Our in vitro metabolism study resulted in 24 identified metabolites, including both phase I and phase II metabolites. All metabolites were detected and identified using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry and may serve as additional markers of abuse of these NPS in toxicological analyses.

A Systematic Review of Reported Methods of Stimulating Swallowing Function and their Classification.

Recent advances in dysphagia treatment have given us many methods of stimulating swallowing function, but no attempt has been made to systematically classify them all. In this review, we provide an exhaustive description of all the techniques and stimulatory substances that stimulate swallowing that have so far been reported in the scientific literature, irrespective of their level of evidence, and we have tried to classify them with the objective of encouraging the future development of research in this direction. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis were followed for retrieval of relevant research. A total of 237 records were screened for this literature review. One record was excluded for being published in a language other than English, and 59 articles were excluded for having no original data. Of the 177 records that were assessed for eligibility in this review, 31 were excluded for reasons related to other inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 146 records were classified. We found stimuli related to swallowing published in the literature could be divided into physical and chemical stimuli. Each stimulus had both peripheral and central stimuli when we assessed the main site of action. Physical stimuli included electric, magnetic and thermal stimulations and acupuncture. Chemical stimuli included spices activating transient receptor potential channels, several categories of medications, taste and flavor, and olfactory stimulants. Medications modifying substance P and the dopaminergic system are thought to be peripheral and central stimuli, respectively. This classification may pave the way to discover means to improve swallowing.

Investigating Cognitive Functions in Methadone Users in Comparison with Methadone and Methamphetamine Users and Control Group

BackgroundCognitive impairment in drug users is a marker for predicting recurrence and poorer adherence to treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive function in three groups of methadone users methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), compared to methadone and methamphetamine (MAMP) users (MMT + MAMP) and healthy people (control group).MethodsThree groups of 90 people including 30 users of MMT, 30 users of MMT + MAMP, and 30 healthy persons participated in this cross-sectional and purposeful study. The study was performed on outpatients of MMT Clinic of Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The demographic and related data questionnaire was filled out. In addition, Persian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was used to assess cognitive function.FindingsThe mean of total number of scores and all BACS subscales were significantly better in control group than the other two groups of patients. Moreover, not only the mean of total number of BACS was significantly different between two substance abuser groups, but also there was a significant difference between them on verbal memory, digit sequencing, and token motor test, with MMT + MAMP group performing worse than MMT group.ConclusionConcomitant use of opioids and stimulant substance such as MAMP results in cumulative toxic effect of them on brain and cognitive functions.

Cocaine use and related pathologies

The use of cocaine, which is a stimulant substance that can quickly develop addiction, is increasing in Europe and Turkey. Cocaine use can cause psychiatric and physical diseases in the individual, but it can also cause social and legal problems. Genetic, sociocultural and pharmacological factors, some factors related to learning and conditioning have an important role in the etiology of cocaine addiction. Cocaine exerts its psychoactive and addictive effects through the limbic system in the brain, which regulates pleasure and motivation. The nucleus accumbens, which is a part of the limbic system, is the most important region that mediates the effect of cocaine. Cocaine use can often be seen together with other psychiatric diseases, and it can also cause damage by affecting other system organs, especially the central nervous system. In this article, the neurochemical effects of cocaine, related psychiatric/physical diseases and treatment options are presented in the light of current information.

Stimulant Drugs of Abuse and Cardiac Arrhythmias.

Nonmedical use of prescription and nonprescription drugs is a worldwide epidemic, rapidly growing in magnitude with deaths because of overdose and chronic use. A vast majority of these drugs are stimulants that have various effects on the cardiovascular system including the cardiac rhythm. Drugs, like cocaine and methamphetamine, have measured effects on the conduction system and through several direct and indirect pathways, utilizing multiple second messenger systems, change the structural and electrical substrate of the heart, thereby promoting cardiac dysrhythmias. Substituted amphetamines and cocaine affect the expression and activation kinetics of multiple ion channels and calcium signaling proteins resulting in EKG changes, and atrial and ventricular brady and tachyarrhythmias. Preexisting conditions cause substrate changes in the heart, which decrease the threshold for such drug-induced cardiac arrhythmias. The treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in patients who take drugs of abuse may be specialized and will require an understanding of the unique underlying mechanisms and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The use of primary or secondary prevention defibrillators in drug abusers with chronic systolic heart failure is both sensitive and controversial. This review provides a broad overview of cardiac arrhythmias associated with stimulant substance abuse and their management.

The effect of the Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and substances of a stimulating nature on the productivity of the soybean plant and seed damage by pathogens

Soybeans are a strategic leguminous crop for global agriculture and play an important role in ensuring food security in many countries. Therewith, biotic factors, in particular, pathogens prevent obtaining a rich and high-quality yield of the crop. Their control is conducted using various methods and technques. However, with an excessive increase in the use of chemical protective equipment, the environmental situation in agrocenoses becomes more complicated. Therefore, it is important to reduce the pesticide load in crop cultivation technologies. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of the Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and stimulating substances on soybean plant productivity and seed damage by pathogens. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of the Ukrainian scientific-research station on plant quarantine of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental plot is grey forest heavy-loamy. The Ksenia soybean variety was used in the study. Field studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. Soybean crops were sprayed during the growing season in the following periods: true three-leaf, flowering, and bean formation. For the treatment of soybean plants, a preparation based on the Pseudomonas fluorrescens bacteria with a titrant of 3x109 CFU/cm3 was used with a consumption rate of 5.0 l/ha per use in combinations with substances of stimulating action. Over the years of research, the amount of precipitation (in certain months of soybean vegetation) was higher than the average monthly perennial norm. Pre-harvest desiccation of crops was not conducted. Phytopathological examination of seeds obtained from soybean plants for various treatment options was conducted in accordance with DSTU 4138-2002. Studies show a positive effect of the drug based on P. fluorescens and substances of a stimulating nature on biometric indicators of soybean plants and their productivity. In particular, the weight of 1000 seeds in variants with spraying plants increased in the range from 16 to 66 g. Joint application on soybean crops of P. fluorrescens together with substances of the group of ammonium salts of dihydropyrimidine and stimulating substances provided an increase in the yield of soybean seeds up to 1.1 t/ha. There was also a decrease in infection of soybean seeds with pathogens of Fusarium, Alternaria and penicillosis – Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, Alternaria spp., and Penicillium expanum Link fungi. The investigation of the immunoprotective and stimulating effects of combinations of biocomplexes is promising for the development of environmentally safe measures to increase soybean yield and reduce seed damage by pathogens

Chemistry-specific responses due to rice-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere to counteract mefenacet stress

The widespread use of herbicides has raised considerable concern with regard to their harmful consequences on plant growth, crop yield and the soil ecological environment. It has been well documented that colonization of rhizobacteria in the plant root system has a positive effect on activation of plant defenses to protect the plant from damage. Using the platform of high-throughput analysis with tandem mass spectrometry and Illumina sequencing, we identified the specific activated rhizobacteria, the key growth stimulating substances and the metabolic pathways involved in seedling stage tolerance to mefenacet stress in rice. The relative abundance of beneficial rhizospheremicrobes such as Acidobacteria and Firmicutes increased with mefenacet treatment, indicating that the rhizosphere recruited some beneficial microbes to resist mefenacet stress. Mefenacet treatment induced alterations in several interlinked metabolic pathways, many of which were related to activation of defense response signaling, especially the indole-3-pyruvate pathway. Indole-3-acetaldehyde and indole-3-ethanol from this pathway may act as flexible storage pools for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Our findings also suggest that a significant increase of IAA produced by the enrichment of beneficial rhizospheremicrobes, for example genus Bacillus, alleviated the dwarfing phenomenon observed in hydroponic medium following mefenacet exposure, which may be a key signaling molecule primarily for phytostimulation and phytotolerance in microbe-plant interactions.

INFLUENCE OF MAGNESIUM (Mg) SOURCE ON THE Cordyceps militaris (L.) MUSHROOM MYCELIUM GROWTH

Magnesium (Mg) is an element with a role in oxidation processes. The optimal concentration of magnesium for the development of fungi is associated with an optimal concentration of phosphorus (P), which through its essential constituents, is an important element for the existence of biological systems in nature through nucleic acids, phospholipids, phosphoglycerides, phytin and phosphates. Magnesium has a role in the activity of certain enzymes and in respiration, being a component of protein substances with a special importance for microorganisms being included in reducing and phosphorylating enzymes and for protein synthesis. In this study, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), which is an accessible source of both magnesium and sulphur, as well as magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) were used as sources of magnesium, both being used in different concentrations in the growth medium. The culture medium or substrate influences the growth of the fungal mycelium, through the mineral, nutritive and stimulating substances in their composition. Using experimental culture media, an isolated tissue culture was performed from 2 strains of Cordyceps militaris (L.) fungus. The culture was performed in Petri dishes, incubated at a temperature of 24 ° C, aiming to increase the mycelium for 15 days. The highest increase was recorded by strain CI 32 with the addition of magnesium sulphate.

RhKGF-2 Attenuates Smoke Inhalation Lung Injury of Rats via Activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and Repressing FoxO1-NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Smoke inhalation injury is an acute pathological change caused by thermal stimulation or toxic substance absorption through respiratory epithelial cells. This study aims to probe the protective effect and mechanism of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 2 (rhKGF-2) against smoke inhalation-induced lung injury (SILI) in rats. The SILI was induced in rats using a smoke exposure model, which were then treated with rhKGF-2. The rat blood was collected for blood-gas analysis, and the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers in the plasma were measured. The rat lung tissues were collected. The pathological changes and cell apoptosis were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1, and FoxO1-NLRP3 inflammasome expression were verified by western blot (WB). Both of the human alveolar epithelial cell (HPAEpiC) and primary rat alveolar epithelial cell were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for making in-vitro alveolar epithelial cell injury model. After treatment with rhKGF-2, GSK2126458 (PI3K inhibitor) and AS1842856 (FoxO1 inhibitor), the cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), PI3K/Akt/Nrf2, HO-1/NQO1, and FoxO1-NLRP3 in HPAEpiC and primary rat alveolar epithelial cell were examined. The data suggested that rhKGF-2 reduced LPS-induced HPAEpiC cell and primary rat alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factors. Moreover, rhKGF-2 improved the blood gas and alleviated SILI-induced lung histopathological injury in vivo via repressing inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, rhKGF-2 activated PI3K/Akt pathway, enhanced Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 expression, and attenuated FoxO1-NLRP3 inflammasome both in vitro and in vivo. However, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway attenuated rhKGF-2-mediated protective effects against SILI, while suppressing FoxO1 promoted rhKGF-2-mediated protective effects. Taken together, this study demonstrated that rhKGF-2 mitigated SILI by regulating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway and the FoxO1-NLRP3 axis, which provides new reference in treating SILI.

Estrous cycle modulates the anxiogenic effects of caffeine in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box in female rats

Caffeine is a commonly used stimulant of the central nervous system that reduces fatigue, increases alertness, and exerts positive effects on emotion through actions on various brain structures. High doses of caffeine can cause headaches, heart palpitations, hyperactivity, and anxiety symptoms. Consequently, reducing the consumption of stimulant substances, such as sugar and caffeine, is proposed to ameliorate symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in women. The administration of steroid hormones has been suggested to modulate the effects of caffeine, but unknown is whether endogenous hormone variations during the estrous cycle modulate the pharmacological effects of caffeine. The present study evaluated the effects of caffeine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) during metestrus-diestrus and proestrus-estrus of the ovarian cycle in rats on anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze and light/dark box. During metestrus-diestrus, all doses of caffeine increased anxiety-like behavior, indicated by the main variables in both behavioral tests (i.e., higher Anxiety Index and lower percent time spent on the open arms in the elevated plus maze and less time spent in the light compartment in the light/dark box). During proestrus-estrus, only 20 and 40 mg/kg caffeine increased these parameters of anxiety-like behavior, albeit only slightly. In conclusion, caffeine increased anxiety-like behaviors in metestrus-diestrus, with an attenuation of these effects of lower doses of caffeine in proestrus-estrus. These effects that were observed in metestrus-diestrus and proestrus-estrus may be associated with low and high concentrations of steroid hormones, respectively, that naturally occur during these phases of the ovarian cycle.

The Effect of GA3 and Salicylic Acid Combination on the Germination and Growth of Kelinci Variety Peanut Sprouts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Under Aluminum Casting

This research aims to determine the influence of GA3 and salicylic acid on the germination and growth of Kelinci variety peanuts under aluminum casting. This study was conducted in a 2x3 factorial experiment. Factor A is AL(OH)3 with two concentration levels: 0% b/v and 5% w/v. Factor B is a growing stimulant substance (ZPT) with three levels: GA3 (0.1 % w/v), salicylic acid (0.1% w/v), and GA3 + salicylic acid. The parameters in this study are 1) germinating power, 2) length of sprouts, 3) fresh weight of sprouts, 4) dry weight of sprouts and 5) relative moisture content. The Tukey test determines the main effect, and an F test determines the simple effect. From the research results, the researchers conclude that the mixture of GA3 solution and SA solution is more effective than a single solution of GA3 or SA in overcoming the aluminum's toxic effects on the germination and sprout growth of Kelinci variety peanut.