Sticky Issue Research Articles

A smart aminoglycoside hydrogel with tunable gel degradation, on-demand drug release, and high antibacterial activity

Aminoglycosides are a family of critically important antibiotics for the treatment of serious infections including multidrug-resistant pathogens. However, clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics is compromised by bacterial biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations or adverse side effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity at high antibiotic doses. Preparation of aminoglycoside formulation that allows on-demand drug delivery is a solution to this sticky issue. Here, we designed a new type of aminoglycoside hydrogels by cross-linking oxidized polysaccharides such as dextran, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, and chondroitin using aminoglycosides as cross-linkers. The hydrogel modulus, degradation rate and release kinetics can be precisely modulated by tailoring the aminoglycoside dose during gel formation. The aminoglycoside hydrogel showed fast gelation, self-healing and on-demand drug release behaviors, and high antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study provides a facile and promising strategy to develop smart hydrogels for topical administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Certification Programme For Sustainable Forest Management

The article describes about cerlification programme for sustainable forest management. Concern for forest problems has increased dramatically over last decade. Sustainable forest management is an inherent aim of certification. It is the ultimate goal to which certified forest should aspire, but such a goal is reached only through a period of transition, during which management standards are progressively established and fine-tuned. The explicit aim of certification is to improve the quality of forest management so as to reach this goal. The aim of certification systems is to make timber production more ecologically and socially responsible and economically viable by grading sources so that consumers can choose on these grounds. The argument is that environmentally aware consumers will be prepared to pay more for products if they know where these come from and how they have been produced. Higher prices will motivate timber companies to implement sustainable forest management principles. There are certain general principles of sustainability which have been agreed, these include emvironmental sustainability social sustainability and economic sustainability. This article describes focus on certification in context, certification in practice, views on certification, overall trends in the certification debate, the sticky issues differing views that need resolving, and the forest certification programme in lndonesia.

Comparisons of Minicard ratings with ion chromatography sugar profiles of water extracts of cotton fibers and those of Minicard sticky spot materials

Specific levels of the carbohydrates melezitose and trehalulose deposited on the surface of cotton fibers are indicators of whitefly or aphid contamination. These deposits could cause stickiness problems during cotton ginning and textile processing. Cotton stickiness is highly complex, but surface carbohydrates may play the largest role in manifesting an issue. We utilized ion chromatography (IC) to identify and quantify nine sugars of interest present in the water extracts of 25 cotton samples to create sugar profiles for each sample: inositol, trehalose, glucose, fructose, trehalulose, sucrose, melezitose, raffinose and maltose. We compared the sugar profiles to the respective Minicard ratings of either NONE, LIGHT, MODERATE or HEAVY to draw correlations between the IC data and the rating. Trehalulose and melezitose in water extracts highly and positively correlate to Minicard ratings, confirming past researchers’ attribution of cotton stickiness to insect sugars. Trehalose and maltose also highly correlated, possibly due to their marker content in honeydew. Glucose and fructose moderately correlated to the ratings. IC studies of the collected Minicard sticky spot material found trehalulose and melezitose were the most prevalent sugars in HEAVY rated samples. Glucose and fructose were present in larger amounts in the MODERATE versus HEAVY rated samples. This result may indicate that the Benedict Test, which attributes these reducing sugars to stickiness, may not be sufficient for conjecturing a stickiness issue. When comparing the averages of the nine sugars present in water extracts versus those sugars contained in Minicard sticky spots, the overall distributions were very similar.

Implementation Research

Over many decades, educators have developed countless interventions and theories about how to create lasting change. Implementation research is the study of these efforts with a set of basic questions: What are we doing? Is it working? For whom? Where? When? How? And, Why? In other words, implementation research is an endeavor to understand if and how educational efforts are accomplishing their goals. This chapter describes the landscape of implementation research, tracing it back to its historical roots and connecting it to other fields with the aim of identifying common threads across diverse efforts. The authors survey where the field is today and highlight different perspectives on complex questions that have long troubled researchers. They outline some of the sticky issues ahead and make a case for shared conceptual clarity and clearly communicated and understood language that will help researchers understand how various bodies of implementation research work are related. The authors conclude by describing the opportunity presented to the education research community in this moment: to capitalize on and learn from historical and contemporary work in education and other fields, and to identify connections across theories and approaches and find ways to collectively move forward toward the shared goal of making education better.

Sticky issues arising from high-viscosity magma: Settling arguments on magmatic structures

Differentiation of magmas, as argued by [Bowen (1928)][1] and tested and refined by petrologists over the subsequent 50 years (cf. [Carmichael, et al. 1974][2]; [Yoder, 1979][3]; [Cox, et al., 1979][4]; [Hargraves, 1980][5]), contributes to the chemical, mineralogical, and textural diversity of

How natural a kind is "eukaryote?".

Systematics balances uneasily between realism and nominalism, uncommitted as to whether biological taxa are discoveries or inventions. If the former, they might be taken as natural kinds. I briefly review some philosophers' concepts of natural kinds and then argue that several of these apply well enough to "eukaryote." Although there are some sticky issues around genomic chimerism and when eukaryotes first appeared, if we allow for degrees in the naturalness of kinds, existing eukaryotes rank highly, higher than prokaryotes. Most biologists feel this intuitively: All I attempt to do here is provide some conceptual justification.

How Does Public Assistance Use Affect Charitable Activity? A Tale of Two Methods

How does receiving public assistance affect an individual’s charitable giving and volunteering? Using the 1994 to 2005 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and 2005 Center on Philanthropy Panel Study (COPPS) data, we use a series of comparison group and propensity score matching approaches to overcome sticky issues of selection bias and to explore this question. We find that neither current public assistance receipt nor the amount of public assistance income has any effect on an individual’s charitable contributions of time and money. Cumulative past public assistance appears to suppress charitable giving but not volunteerism.

Grateful Patient Philanthropy: Is What’s Good for the Goose Good for the Gander?

In this month’s issue, Wright, et al. examine the ethical issues involved in the solicitation of grateful patient philanthropy.1 The physicians surveyed in their study identified a number of potential concerns with patient philanthropy, including the possibility of exploiting vulnerable patients and providing differential care based on patients’ level of giving. While the article does a good job of identifying the issues, we believe these issues should be considered in greater depth.

Editorial Commentary: Advocating the Concept of GB Virus C Biotherapy Against AIDS

Editorial Commentary: Advocating the Concept of GB Virus C Biotherapy Against AIDS

Effect of drying treatments and storage stability on quality characteristics of bael powder.

Dehydration of bael pulp in to powder form is a challenging operation, mainly due to the sticky issue of bael pulp and caking of powder during handling and storage. To overcome on this problem maltodextrin MD (drying aid) and tricalcium phosphate, TCP (anti caking agent) were added to the bael pulp at four levels along with control and dried in a mechanical drier into thin layer at 58 ± 2°C for 12h, to obtain a moisture content of 4-5% in dehydrated pulp. The dehydrated bael pulp was grounded in a laboratory powder mill and sieve with 30 mesh sieve. The powder was packed in 150gauge PP, 400gauge LDPE and 200gauge HDPE pouches and was stored at low temperature (7°C) and ambient condition (18-35°C) up to 6months for storage study. The powder was evaluated for its quality characteristics in respect of acidity, sugars, antioxidant, phenol, ascorbic acid, non- enzymatic browning (NEB) before packaging and during storage. The amount of MD and TCP required to reduce powder stickiness and caking were optimized on the powder properties. The amount of MD (0.25kg per kg dry bael solids) and TCP (0.15kg per kg dry bael solids) with the values of degree of caking (19.24%) and stickiness point temperature (45.4°C) were found to be optimum for reducing the powder stickiness, caking and nutritional parameters. The adsorption isotherm of bael powder was found to be type-II sigmoid and 200g HDPE as packaging material followed by storage at low temperature were selected as best process.

What I Know

The topic of this journal issue is on out-of-school art education - a subject of great interest to me, as I have taught art in correctional settings, a residential treatment school, recreational organizations, retirement homes, nursing homes, homeless shelters, and in other community-based settings. What I have learned from these out-ofschool teaching experiences often has motivated my research, as have the numerous folk artists with whom I have worked over the years. While frequently overlooked as educators in community-based settings, folk artists provide communities with rich cultural expressions that help individuals and groups establish identity, purpose, and problem-solving skills (Congdon, 2005).This journal is also the last Studies issue published under my editorship. Just as I have attempted to pass on lessons from my communitybased work, I will pass on what I know about Studies to Laurie Hicks, the next senior editor. It is, after all, what Doug Blandy did for me when I took over the position. Passing on information is what we do as educators. We don't hold onto knowledge and wisdom; instead, we (attempt to) teach it to others.The knowledge I pass on to Laurie about Studies is mostly technical and has to do with forms, policies, deadlines, and ways of working with authors and board members. Whatever wisdom I have accumulated in my role as Studies editor, however, is different. This is a deeper kind of knowledge that is harder to putto put into words, as it is learned through experience. There is a rhythm to publishing Studies, and a teamwork that makes it function successfully. Having a good team to work with is truly a blessing. My assistant and associate editors, Amy Barnickel and Laurie, were ever-present, dependable, and professional. Their commitment and support was unwavering. Julie Voelker-Morris was excellent as a copyeditor. My good fortune extends to Karen Keifer-Boyd, the Commentary Editor, and Sara Wilson McKay, the Media Review Editor. Past Editor Doug Blandy guided me through a few sticky issues, and the Board provided stellar reviews with keen insights and helpful direction. And no senior editor could have a better publishing partner than Lynn Ezell, the National Art Education Association's Publications Manager. I am grateful to her and everyone at NAEA who supported and championed a redesign for Studies during difficult economic times. I was lucky; I had a strong community of editors and reviewers as I became part of Studies' publishing culture. The journal will now change as new editors and reviewers take over. Lessons I have learned from this experience will stay with me.I continue to learn from collaborative experiences, and I marvel at all the creative and successful partnerships that come from sharing knowledge, objects, ideas, stories, and spaces. Collaborations provide individuals with knowledge and the experience of being part of a group. Increasingly, as D.I.Y. communities expand, more people are joining artistic communities. One example is the 3rd Ward in Brooklyn, an art and design incubator for innovation where members gain access to media labs, wood working tools, and photographic studios (Ryzik, July 3, 2010). While the 3rd Ward facilitates the exchange of knowledge by providing studio space, teachers, and event planners, other kinds of learning are often facilitated through participatory artworks in museum settings. For example, in the summer of 2010, Rivane Neuenschwander engaged visitors in exchanging wishes at the New Museum in New York City. Approaching a wall of colored ribbons, museumgoers were invited to write a wish on a ribbon and re-place it on the wall for someone else's wish. By this action, the artist has turned private desire into collective responsibility (Rosenberg, 2010, C21). What often makes outof-school education so powerful is the opportunity to invent, play, and bring together ideas in new and different ways. The space doesn't have to be fancy or elaborate. …

The State and the Internet: A Call for Collective Responsibility

The other great transformation in the world besides the rising power of the emerging economies has been the ever deeper penetration of the Internet in civil society and the economy. Alone among world leaders, French President Nicolas Sarkozy has sought to address the sticky issue of how to “civilize the Internet” in the G‐8, a key forum of global governance which France chairs this year. As a kind of historical document, in this section we publish Sarkozy's speech to the leading information technologists and entrepreneurs he gathered in Paris in May for the first “e‐G‐8” Summit. Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google, was among the attendees. We include his report to the 21st Century Council of the Nicolas Berggruen Institute.

“Openness Must Be the Norm”

The other great transformation in the world besides the rising power of the emerging economies has been the ever deeper penetration of the Internet in civil society and the economy. Alone among world leaders, French President Nicolas Sarkozy has sought to address the sticky issue of how to “civilize the Internet” in the G‐8, a key forum of global governance which France chairs this year. As a kind of historical document, in this section we publish Sarkozy's speech to the leading information technologists and entrepreneurs he gathered in Paris in May for the first “e‐G‐8” Summit. Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google, was among the attendees. We include his report to the 21st Century Council of the Nicolas Berggruen Institute.

Tutelo Heights Short-Term "Two Row" Lessons Central to Long-Term Mediation in the Grand River Valley

Tutelo Heights Short-Term "Two Row" Lessons Central to Long-Term Mediation in the Grand River Valley T'hohahoken Michael Doxtater (bio) Introduction In the long history of the Iroquois League of the Five Nations (Wisk Nihonohnwenstiake) extant Indigenous knowledge inheres in families like the Satekariwateron:non. This Turtle clan family is one of the founding families of the League and holds a place among the Rotinohsionni (People of the Long House) Council with a specific function relative to the word satekariwate. The word has been translated literally as "weighing in balance." However, the word conveys a richer meaning. In the Satekariwate family the name connotes more than simply balance. Implied by sateka- (from the root word for "eight"), there is a sense of balance—four fingers on each hand. In addition, the word orihwa has the sense of a "matter." The suffix -ate designates positioning as "on top," as in on-top-of-the-house or kanohnsate. Taken together the word would literally translate as "balanced-matter-on-top." The idiomatic use of Satekariwate takes on another form more closely associated with Indigenous governance. I am a member of the Satekariwateron:non and worked since 1988 on affairs related to the League. I worked with elder rotiianisonha such as Jacob Thomas and Murray Henhawk, and elders Reg Henry and Sylvannus General. As a sakotiienewas (one who helps them) I aided the elders with written work and translating Indigenous words into idiomatic English. One key elder was Chief Richard Maracle, from the Mohawk family named Rastewenserontha. We [End Page 43] often talked about words. In the case of his family name, the word suggested rattles such as those on the snake's tail. He also said because the word was old it seemed to have something to do with pine pitch. As such, he said his role among the Mohawk chiefs was to raise a warning (shake the rattle) or point out a "sticky issue" (like placing one's hand on pine pitch). These notions provided the basis for advancing the idiomatic expression of Satekariwate. In many instances elders placed me in the middle of numerous confl icts at the Six Nations Indian Reserve, sixty miles south of Toronto, Canada. I worked closely with Chief Maracle during the so-called Oka Crisis of 1990. I also worked with Chief Thomas in the performance of the recital of the "Great Laws of Peace," our master narrative. With Elder Henry, we discussed how our ceremonies were performances of our Indigenous cultural practices like harvesting fish, growing our crops, and using the maple sap. However, for this paper I focus on the work with Chief Maracle. Work with Chief Maracle included several major events in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This work included delivering the "Shawanaga Fire" from the hunger strikers north of Toronto who were protesting cutbacks to postsecondary funding that was lit for a week at Six Nations. In addition, Chief Maracle and my clanmother Wilma Hill talked to me frequently during the school lockout of 1989, when a thousand elementary students were pulled from Six Nations' schools because of environmental and health conditions. I arranged meetings between Brantford's mayor, Brantford's Member of Parliament, and Chief Maracle concerning Mohawk claims in the Grand River Valley near Brantford, Ontario. This work associates more closely with the family name Satekariwate than the simple affectation "weighing in balance." I contend with some confidence based on my discussions with these elders that one who weighs things in balance engages in the act of mediation. That family tradition was invoked on many occasions in work conducted with extant clanship families of the League. In the case of the Turtle clan, Satekariwate sits with Aiionwatha and Tekarihoken, families whose names idiomatically express the humanity of problem solving and seeking solutions to disputes. Aiionwatha (combs the hair) keeps matters straight and untangled. Tekarihoken (uses two minds) seeks to understand disputants' fears, worries, and threats. With Satekariwate's mediation practices added to this governing triumvirate, the Mohawk Turtle clan families possess certain diplomatic authority in navigating conflicts and disputes. One key sign and symbol of League culture depicts mediated processes between entities imbued with the practices...

The sticky issue of neurosteroids and GABA A receptors

Endogenous neurosteroids and their synthetic analogs (neuroactive steroids) are potent modulators of GABA(A) receptors. Thus, they are of physiological and clinical relevance for their ability to modulate inhibitory function in the CNS. Despite their importance, fundamental issues of neurosteroid actions remain unresolved. Recent evidence suggests that glutamatergic principal neurons, rather than glia, are the major sources of neurosteroid synthesis. Other recent studies have identified putative neurosteroid binding sites on GABA(A) receptors. In this Opinion, we argue that neurosteroids require a membranous route of access to transmembrane-domain binding sites within GABA(A) receptors. This has implications for the design of future neuroactive steroids because the lipid solubility and related accessibility properties of the ligand are likely to be key determinants of receptor modulation.

Giving and Getting

This study assesses the extent to which welfare recipients engage in giving money and time to charitable causes. Using the 2003 Center on Philanthropy Panel Study data, this study examines the effects of public assistance—holding constant earned income and demographic traits—on two major types of charitable activities: charitable giving and volunteering. Using a Tobit specification, as appropriate for this type of data, the authors use a creative differencing strategy in an attempt to overcome sticky issues of selection bias. Evidence is found that public assistance receipt tends to suppress monetary donations but may increase volunteer time.

Being True and Being You: Race, Gender, Class, and the Fieldwork Experience

Fieldwork advice has increased and improved over the years. Yet, the bulk of political science fieldwork advice is general; it assumes that the subject to whom advice is given is simply a political scientist—in training, perhaps—with no other salient identities that might intercede (but see Mazzei and O'Brien 2005 and the PS 2006 fieldwork symposium, The Methodologies of Field Research in the Middle East, for recent exceptions). Of course in reality it is not just the fieldwork setting that varies; the relationship of the researcher to the field matters a great deal—and that may be much more dependent on our specific identities than we have previously credited. It is not simply the subjects that we study, but us as well who have to negotiate sometimes sticky issues of race, class, gender, nationality, and so forth.

Materials science: A sticky issue

Science NewsVolume 173, Issue 12 p. 190-190 Meeting Materials science: A sticky issue Davide Castelvecchi, Search for more papers by this author Davide Castelvecchi, Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 September 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/scin.2008.5591731217AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume173, Issue1222 March 2008Pages 190-190 RelatedInformation

Technology news

AbstractA) LIFE‐CYCLE ASSESSMENT Measuring environmental performance; B) NEW PRODUCTS Corn derivative solves sticky issue; C) DEVELOPMENT Technology for a sustainable Europe. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Concluding remarks

Concluding remarks