Glass Ceiling Research Articles

Ageism and glass ceiling: barriers to advancement for women in Turkish banking

Ageism and glass ceiling: barriers to advancement for women in Turkish banking

Association of Good Dairy Farming Practices, Welfare and Performance: A Review

This review underscores the critical role of good dairy farming practices in enhancing both animal welfare and dairy performance. International organizations like the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and country-specific protocols emphasize the need for tailored Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to ensure effective and contextually appropriate practices. Advanced housing systems for calves, such as pair and group housing, have shown significant benefits in improving social interaction, cognitive development, and overall health. Effective pain management, particularly during procedures like disbudding, and optimized feeding strategies, including appropriate feed delivery timing and frequency, are crucial for enhancing health and productivity. Proper flooring, such as rubber mats, significantly improves cow comfort by providing a softer surface that reduces the risk of lameness and injuries associated with concrete floors. Effective pen management helps to mitigate dominance issues and minimize stress, leading to better welfare and productivity. Gentle handling practices, involving positive interactions like patting and stroking, significantly enhance animal welfare and milk production compared to aversive methods. Addressing issues such as mold and mycotoxins in feed is also essential for maintaining animal health and avoiding adverse effects on growth and milk production. Overall, adopting comprehensive dairy farming practices that prioritize animal welfare not only improves health and reduces stress but also leads to increased dairy productivity and sustainability, highlighting the interdependence of welfare and performance in the dairy industry.

The Impact of Gender Stereotypes and Self-Efficacy on the Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in the Religious Affairs Office of Purwakarta Regency

This study aimed at gender stereotypes and self-efficacy as determinants of the glass ceiling effect. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees in the office. The linear regression analysis method is used to analyze the data. Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Purwakarta District. The results showed that Gender Streotypes partially had a significant influence on Glass Ceiling, Self-Efficacy had a significant influence on Glass Ceiling. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the Importance of addressing Gender Stereotypes in the workplace: Organizations need to be aware of the impact of Gender Stereotypes on the Glass Ceiling and take steps to reduce or eliminate those stereotypes

Effects of household concrete floors on maternal and child health - the CRADLE trial: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Early life soil-transmitted helminth infection and diarrhea are associated with growth faltering, anemia, impaired child development, and mortality. Exposure to fecally contaminated soil inside the home may be a key contributor to enteric infections, and a large fraction of rural homes in low-income countries have soil floors. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of installing concrete floors in homes with soil floors on child soil-transmitted helminth infection and other maternal and child health outcomes in rural Bangladesh. The Cement-based flooRs AnD chiLd hEalth (CRADLE) trial is an individually randomised trial in Sirajganj and Tangail districts, Bangladesh. Households with a pregnant woman, a soil floor, walls that are not made of mud will be eligible, and no plan to relocate for 3 years. We will randomise 800 households to intervention or control (1:1) within geographic blocks of 10 households to account for strong geographic clustering of enteric infection. Laboratory staff and data analysts will be blinded; participants will be unblinded. We will install concrete floors when the birth cohort is in utero and measure outcomes at child ages 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome is prevalence of any soil-transmitted helminth infection (Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, or Trichuris trichiura) detected by qPCR at 6, 12, 18, or 24 months follow-up in the birth cohort. Secondary outcomes include household floor and child hand contamination with E. coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli, and soil-transmitted helminth DNA; child diarrhea, growth, and cognitive development; and maternal stress and depression. Study protocols have been approved by institutional review boards at Stanford University and the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). We will report findings on ClinicalTrials.gov, in peer-reviewed publications, and in stakeholder workshops in Bangladesh. NCT05372068, pre-results.

On the Magnification of Small Biases in Hiring

ABSTRACTWe analyze a setting in which a board must hire a chief executive officer (CEO) after exerting effort to learn about the quality of each candidate. Optimal effort is asymmetric, implying asymmetric likelihoods of each candidate being chosen. If the board has an infinitesimal bias in favor of one candidate, it allocates effort to maximize the likelihood of that candidate being chosen. Even when the board's prior is that its preferred candidate is inferior, she may still be chosen most often. A glass ceiling can also arise whereby the tendency to hire favored candidates increases as the importance of the position increases.

Cracks in the Glass Ceiling—Except for Pregnant Surgery Residents

Cracks in the Glass Ceiling—Except for Pregnant Surgery Residents

Devaluing and Revaluing Women: A Feminist Approach to Chandra Prakash Baniya's Maharani [Queen

Chandra Prakash Baniya's Maharani [Queen] is a telling tale of women's exploitation and their glass ceiling in a male dominated society. The novel depicts how women are either risen to the pedestal of ‘Goddess’ or devalued to the position of a ‘whore’, but never given a genuine respect. By aggrandizing or derogating the status of women, the patriarchal society has always subordinated, subjugated, and exploited them. The scenario of deprivation of women from attaining their rights is the main concern of the novelist. He suggests that the prevalence of biased treatment for women in every sphere - social, economic, political, literary - is rampant, and from getting secondary position to being thwarted to grow is an unfortunate fate meted out to women in this male-dominated society. Patriarchy, therefore, has become a clog in the route of women's progress. The present paper aims at exploring the pathetic condition of women in the novel, discussing how women become the victim of glass ceiling in a social labyrinth created by males. To address this objective, the study has employed feminism as a tool to examine the condition of women, especially drawing the concept of glass ceiling of women from Judith Butler to interpret the text.

Articulating the Collective Immigrant Experience in Canada: The Boat People and Shut Up, You’re Pretty

ABSTRACT Exploring the ideology behind merit-based immigration policy in Canada, the paper discusses the collective immigrant experience in the works of two contemporary Canadian female authors, Shut up You’re Pretty (2019) by Congo-born Tea Mutonji, and the novel inspired by the refugee crises since the 1970s, The Boat People (2018) by Sharon Bala. The introductory part problematizes the historically discriminatory immigration policies, and explores the position of the immigrant in contemporaneity, in the process of integration through performatives shaped by the counternarratives of multiculturalism. The analysis of the specific characters’ narratives in these works explores the connection between the personal, subjective, and the collective within the groups of immigrants, refugees and born Canadians to whom Canadianness features as an unattainable goal located behind the glass ceiling. In the concluding remarks, the paper summarizes how these contemporary female authors expose the hypocritical, pragmatic and shifting nature of the multicultural narrative.

From Glass Ceilings to Harassment: Women's Experiences in Spanish Sports Newsrooms

ABSTRACT Since its origins, women have been underrepresented in all areas of sports journalism. They are “outsiders” according to their gender, but “insiders” according to their adherence to journalistic norms and values. In Spain, sports journalism has also historically been configured as a tough environment for women to develop professionally without being belittled and/or discriminated. This research aims to identify women journalists’ perceptions about their roles in sports newsrooms. This investigation looks for meanings instead of numbers, and it is interested in how women sports journalists perceive their experiences and how they understand and interpret these experiences. The study has a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews conducted with ten journalists from various Spanish media. The results reveal, among other issues, that (a) women journalists suffer harassment, (b) the “glass ceiling” limits access to leadership positions, and (c) the sports journalism field continues to be conditioned by stereotypical and discriminatory views.

Shattering the glass ceiling: Female leadership and acquisitiveness in family and nonfamily firms

This research investigates the impact of female CEOs on mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in family and nonfamily firms. With a sample of 165 Italian listed companies engaged in M&As from 2011 to 2016, the study explores whether CEO gender impacts on firm's acquisitiveness in family and nonfamily firms. Findings indicate that having a female CEO is associated with lower acquisitiveness overall. However, this trend is not consistently observed in family firms, challenging conventional assumptions. This research contributes to understanding the nuanced dynamics of female leadership and M&As, shedding light on the role of CEO gender in distinct ownership contexts.

Effect of Glass Ceiling on Women’s Career Development in Nepalese Commercial Banks

Effect of Glass Ceiling on Women’s Career Development in Nepalese Commercial Banks

Cracking the glass ceiling: women's evolution in neurosurgical leadership.

Cracking the glass ceiling: women's evolution in neurosurgical leadership.

Glass ceilings and gender inequalities in academia

Glass ceilings and gender inequalities in academia

Through the Glass Ceiling: The Quest for Gender Equality in Academia.

Through the Glass Ceiling: The Quest for Gender Equality in Academia.

MODERNIST HERITAGE OF KARACHI: AN ARCHIVAL OF A COLLECTIVE MEMORY FROM AN ART DECO LENS

“To look at emotion and desire in architecture is not to discount the simple fact that most buildings have a practical purpose. But that practical purpose is rarely pursued with perfect detachment or indifferent calculation. To build and to inhabit are not small actions, and it is hard to undertake them with coolness.” Rowan Moore's text ‘Why We Build’ talks about desires shaping and giving form to the spaces we inhabit (Moore R. 20213). Practicality is always underlined by a necessity that gives rise to a desire. In my grandparent's house from the ’50s, all the interior spaces of the house were clustered around a sehen1. The spaces were connected by a seamless concrete floor, commonly present in most houses built in the ’50s and ’60s. This had a very practical purpose to it. Every summer the whole house was hosed down with water. Because of a seamless floor that connected all the rooms to the lounge and the lounge to the sehen, water could easily flow outside into a drain in the sehen. It proved to be sustainable in many ways as it lowered the temperature of the whole house for most of the day. There is a very simplistic desire behind a concrete floor. Domestic spaces of such a typology are nostalgic and a part of a collective memory of houses and apartments from the 50s and 60s. Many houses in Karachi within areas like North Nazimabad, P.E.C.H.S., and Bahadurabad are examples of a regional language that developed in these two decades. When it comes towards nostalgia and memory we often find the built spaces that preserved a memory were heritage from the colonialist period. A built reminiscent of power and dominance. But there is another kind of collective memory that talks about the simplistic details shared earlier. This detail is a part of a typology that speaks to another kind of heritage. A heritage that we reclaimed in post-colonial times. Using the lens of Art Deco homes, the paper studies the transformation of a global movement into a local aesthetic. By recording the narrative of the inhabitants of these structures, this research can create a conversation about the sensitivities we have towards these vernacular techniques that developed a modern and brutalist-inspired heritage for the city of Karachi. The city’s heritage is more than the colonial architecture found in the old town. These modernist structures present another kind of heritage, unique to the architectural vocabulary of Karachi, and represent a climatic sensibility that developed over the 20th century, building a modernist identity of Karachi’s architecture. Keywords: Modern Architecture, Art Deco, Post-Colonial, Collective Memory Nostalgia

Gender disparities in gastroenterology and hepatology conferences: The journey towards equality.

This study scrutinizes gender representation in invited faculty and conference committee leadership at key gastroenterology and hepatology conferences in Pakistan over fiveyears, exploring the impact of the "glass ceiling" and "sticky floor" phenomena on gender diversity within academic medicine. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March of 2023. The three major national societies of gastroenterology and hepatology in Pakistan that had been established for more than 10years and the scientific programs of their annual conferences, which were publicly accessible, were included and coded as Society 1, Society 2 and Society 3 to maintain anonymity. The scientific programs for the last fiveyears (2018-2022) were retrieved. The roles of invited faculties were identified as invited speakers, moderators, chairs/panelists, presidents and chairs of organizing or scientific committees and the gender makeup of the faculty was compared. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the trends for female representation over time for each role. Significant gender disparity was evident by an extremely lower cumulative proportion of female invited faculty compared to males (211 [11.9%] vs. 1567 [88.1%], p 0.001). The predominance of invited male faculty was observed across all societies as well as in various roles of invited faculty (p 0.01). A significant disparity has also been observed in leadership positions of all three societies (43 [95.5%] males vs. 2 [4.5%] females, p 0.001), while the trend of women's underrepresentation across all societies remained almost unchanged over time (slope = 0.08, R2 = - 0.078, p-value = 0.875). Our study unveils striking gender disparities in women's representation as invited speakers and other roles at the annual scientific conferences of major gastroenterology and hepatology. Additionally, male dominance remains entrenched, notably in leadership positions, necessitating a proactive, multifaceted approach to rectify gender inequities.

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF FLOOR PANELS DEFORMABILITY OF A LARGE-PANEL SYSTEM BUILDING AFTER RENOVATION

This paper deals with a field tests of prefabricated reinforced concrete floor panels of a multistory building by the method of hydrostatic loading. Object of study is presented by 3 damaged floor slabs of a 9-storey residential building which was hit during the russian invasion. After renovation of panels using the constructive solution which consists of a reinforced build-up layer in the compressed zone (upper part) and additional external reinforcement in the stretched zone (lower part) connected to each other with the help of anchor connections, a series of tests with water loading were set. For creation of loading an inventory pool was used, which was gradually filled with water at a step of 1kN/m2. Maximum created loading level was 5kN/m2 which corresponds to the operational load. After reaching the maximum load, the panels were left under load for 15 hours and then fully unloaded in steps of 1kN/m2. For each panel two type of tests were established: first when panel had both upper and lower part of reinforcement, and second – when lower reinforcement within steel beams was removed. The idea of dismantling of steel beams connected with previously performed numerical analysis which gave to little difference in deflections of panels for these two cases. Deflection measurements at critical locations along with thorough visual inspection were conducted during the loading and unloading cycles. No damage was observed during the in-situ loading and unloading cycles. Maximum vertical deflection for panel before dismantling of beams lies in the diapason of 1.95-2.1mm and 2.31-2.4mm after they were removed. These results meet the requirements of regulatory restrictions on the maximum deflection equal to 20 mm for this structure. Difference in deflection for two cases doesn’t exceed 20% which allows to abandon the use of lower reinforcement in the form of steel beams in the future. As the size of the pool doesn’t cover the whole panel area, the equivalent uniformly distributed load was also calculated using Lira software. Keywords. Large panel system house, reinforcement, floor panel, method of hydrostatic loading, deflection.

Expert system as a tool for management of thermal comfort in heat environments in agribusiness

This study evaluated the environmental conditions of various microenvironments in an urbanized rural area, focusing on the analysis of the Kawamura's Discomfort Index (DIK) and the application of a mathematical model based on fuzzy logic to determine human well-being (HWB). Data were collected at the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados-MS, Brazil, during the summer of 2023-2024, in five different microenvironments: no shading with asphalt floor, no shading with grass floor, no shading with concrete floor, tree cover with grassy floor, and tree cover with asphalt floor. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded to calculate DIK and evaluate environmental comfort levels in each location. A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic was also built to see its efficiency in representing real scenarios. In this model, the input variables were DIK and type of land cover, and the output variable was HWB. The results indicated that paved areas without shading presented the highest levels of thermal stress, while areas with greater vegetation cover showed better thermal comfort conditions. The fuzzy model developed proved to be an effective tool for representing levels of human well-being as a function of DIK and the type of land cover, allowing an accurate simulation of environmental scenarios. This research contributes to academia by interacting fuzzy logic with complex variables to accurately study human thermal comfort. Through this study, it was possible to suggest that urban planning policies should prioritize the maintenance and incorporation of vegetation, especially the presence of trees, to promote more comfortable and sustainable environments.

Breaking through the glass ceiling: meritocracy steps for women's civil service careers

Breaking through the glass ceiling: meritocracy steps for women's civil service careers

Low and high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for the characterization of uranium contamination

Decommissioning is the last step in the life cycle of a nuclear facility. After the evacuation of the facility components, the remaining structures such as concrete walls and floors must be controlled to ensure that no residual contamination remains. As it is a costly and time consuming activity, CEA develops fast measurement methods allowing a complete scanning of very large areas (hundreds of thousands of square meters) in legacy uranium enrichment plants based on gas diffusion, at Pierrelatte nuclear site, France. After fast alpha and beta measurements, HPGe and NaI gamma-spectroscopy detectors are used to characterize more precisely uranium contamination. HPGe has excellent energy resolution but requires very long acquisition times. On the contrary, NaI(Tl) detectors enable rapid measurement, but extracting the contamination signal from the natural background is difficult due to their low resolution. Using an innovative approach based on energy bands of the NaI spectra, contamination activity and enrichment are consistent with that measured with HPGe but in only 15 min vs. 65 h, and with a sufficiently low relative uncertainty of about 15 % and 20 %, respectively, on activity and enrichment. Large area NaI(Tl) detectors will allow cost-effective scanning of the Gaseous Diffusion Plant (UDG) nuclear site (hundreds of thousands of squared meters) within practical times, in complement to alpha and beta contamination detectors.