Step Exercise Research Articles

Stepped Exercise Program for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Evidence-based models are needed to deliver exercise-related services for knee osteoarthritis efficiently and according to patient needs. To examine a stepped exercise program for patients with knee osteoarthritis (STEP-KOA). Randomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02653768). 2 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs sites. 345 patients (mean age, 60 years; 15% female; 67% people of color) with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to STEP-KOA or an arthritis education (AE) control group, respectively. The STEP-KOA intervention began with 3 months of an internet-based exercise program (step 1). Participants who did not meet response criteria for improvement in pain and function after step 1 progressed to step 2, which involved 3 months of biweekly physical activity coaching calls. Participants who did not meet response criteria after step 2 went on to in-person physical therapy visits (step 3). The AE group received educational materials via mail every 2 weeks. Primary outcome was Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Scores for the STEP-KOA and AE groups at 9 months were compared by using linear mixed models. In the STEP-KOA group, 65% of participants (150 of 230) progressed to step 2 and 35% (81 of 230) to step 3. The estimated baseline WOMAC score for the full sample was 47.5 (95% CI, 45.7 to 49.2). At 9-month follow-up, the estimated mean WOMAC score was 6.8 points (CI, -10.5 to -3.2 points) lower in the STEP-KOA than the AE group, indicating greater improvement. Participants were mostly male veterans, and follow-up was limited. Veterans in STEP-KOA reported modest improvements in knee osteoarthritis symptoms compared with the control group. The STEP-KOA strategy may be efficient for delivering exercise therapies for knee osteoarthritis. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development Service.

Estimating cardiorespiratory fitness from heart rates both during and after stepping exercise: a validated simple and safe procedure for step tests at worksites.

Step test protocols are typically based on the heart rate (HR) measured either during exercise or during recovery. This study developed a new step test protocol to estimate maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) based on HRs measured during and after exercise, assessed the criterion validity of the model, and evaluated the protocol's test-retest reliability. The protocol estimates [Formula: see text] from HR measurements made once a minute during 3min of step exercise and 2min of recovery. The model was derived using a group of 118 working adults and cross-validated using a second group of 74 working adults. Furthermore, [Formula: see text] was measured using a conventional treadmill test. While multiple regression analyses were used to develop prediction equations for [Formula: see text], intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine test-retest reliability. HRs during and after exercise significantly correlated with the measured [Formula: see text]. The highest correlation (r = - 0.61) was for an HR index that combined values of HRs during and after exercise. A model including age, sex, body mass index, and the HR index accounted for 60% of the variance in measured [Formula: see text] (standard error of the estimate, 4.05mLkg-1min-1 or 10.5%). Cross-validation analyses demonstrated good stability of the [Formula: see text] prediction models. The ICC for the HR index was 0.65 (0.53-0.74), indicating fair to good reliability. The HR index, based on a combination of HR measurements during and after stepping exercise, offers a validated [Formula: see text] estimation procedure suitable for use in the workplace.

The Effect Of Four Square Step Excercise On The Risk Of Falling Elderly At Pstw Wana Seraya Denpasar 2019

<em>Elderly undergoes various changes due to the aging process, one of them is the musculoskeletal system which results in the elderly being vulnerable to falls and if not be treated, it can cause injury to the elderly and even death. One way to reduce the level of fall risk in elderly is to do balance exercises, especially four square step exercises which is not only train the muscle strength of elderly but also train the visual coordination. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of four square step exercises on the fall risk in elderly. This study used a design of pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test without control group. The study was conducted at PSTW Wana Seraya Denpasar. The respondens in this study selected through purposive sampling technique. Among 36 elderly who living at PSTW Wana Seraya Denpasar, </em>there were 17 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After calculating the sample, there were 15 samples were obtained. <em>The results of the study, the fall risk in elderly before four square step exercise were 12 respondents (80%) at moderate level and three respondents (20%) at high level. After training, nine respondents (60%) had a moderate fall risk and six respondents (40%) had low fall risk. Based on the results of Wilcoxon signed rank test statistical test, it was obtained p value = 0.003 <α 0.005 which means there is an influence of four square step exercises towards the fall risk in elderly. Based on the results of the study, the four square step exercise is an effective exercise to reduce the fall risk in elderly because it is a light exercise which is easily carried out by the elderly independently. This exercise is recommended to be applied as a method to reduce the fall risk in elderly.</em>

Application of stepper in cardiopulmonary exercise test for patients with hemiplegia.

A method to perform exercise testing for patients with hemiplegia is unavailable though over half of them have cardio-pulmonary disorders. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of using a stepper in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in this population.14 stroke patients with hemiplegia who failed to ride the stationary bike were included. Exclusion criteria included manual muscle strength ≦1 in the lower extremity, and conventional contraindications of CPET. They underwent CPET twice by using a stepper to evaluate test–retest reliability and validity. Additionally, 10 healthy participants underwent CPET twice on the cycle ergometer and stepper respectively.In the test–retest, the ratio of two-time difference to mean was 5.0, 3, 11.3 and 12.0% on average for peak oxygen consumption, peak heart rate (HR), anaerobic threshold and minute ventilation - carbonic dioxide production slope respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of peak oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold were 0.992 and 0.919. In the stepper exercise testing of the hemiplegic participants, the ratio of peak HR to age-predicted maximal HR was 75% on average. Peak respiratory exchange ratio (mean ± standard deviation = 1.17 ± 0.08) was not different from that of healthy controls (1.21 ± 0.09). Notably, VO2 trajectory in relation to work rate is nonlinear and different in the rest-retest.This is the first research to study CPET variables in detail using stepper in patients with hemiplegia. CPET variables associated with peak are valid and reliable; nonetheless, those with sub-maximum are not. The study provides a method to do exercise testing for the patients with hemiplegia and its notice in application.

Eggshell Membrane+Fish Oil Combination (Move3î) Reduces Exercise-Induced Joint Pain, Stiffness and Cartilage Turnover in Healthy Adults: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Background: Eggshell membrane supplementation has been shown to reduce exercise-induced joint pain and stiffness and lower urinary excretion of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-II collagen (uCTX-II), a marker of cartilage degradation, in healthy, postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to evaluate whether the combination of eggshell membrane and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ES-OM3) versus placebo would reduce levels of uCTX-II and alleviate joint pain or stiffness immediately following exercise and 12 hours post exercise in healthy men and women. Methods: The study was a two-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eighty-five healthy men and women (40-70 years) were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg eggshell membrane with 1,500 mg fish oil concentrate (n=43) or 2,000 mg placebo (n=42) daily. Subjects performed an aerobic step exercise regimen (40 to 100 steps per leg) on alternating days. The primary endpoint was any statistically significant reduction in exercise-induced cartilage turnover as determined by levels of uCTX-II versus placebo, evaluated after 1 and 2 weeks of exercise. Secondary endpoints were changes in exercise-induced joint pain or stiffness versus placebo, evaluated immediately after exercise and 12 hours post exercise. Results: ES-OM3 produced a significant reduction in levels of uCTX-II versus placebo after 1 (-12.9%, p=0.035) and 2 weeks of exercise (-17.7%, p=0.019). Compared with placebo, ES-OM3 supplementation significantly relieved joint pain (p<0.05) immediately after exercise and 12 hours after exercise (Days 3,5 and 7 and Days 2 and 8 respectively) and significantly improved levels of stiffness (p<0.05) immediately after exercise and 12 hours after exercise (Day 3, and Days 2,4,6 and 8, respectively). Conclusion: In healthy adults who performed an aerobic step exercise regimen for two weeks, daily administration of a novel nutraceutical (Move3®), consisting of eggshell membrane and fish oil (ES-OM3) decreased levels of CTX-II, a biomarker for cartilage degradation. ES-OM3 supplementation provided rapid relief of joint pain and stiffness immediately after exercise and 12 hours post exercise. Use of a nutraceutical such as ES-OM3 (Move3®) is a promising new approach for alleviating joint pain and stiffness associated with exercise. Trial registration: NCT 04215198

Feasibility of staff-led 3-Step Workout for Life to reduce late-life activities of daily living disability: a community-based translational study.

Translating and implementing research exercise programs that fit into the context of community service provisions could become part of the effort to reduce late-life disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of a staff-led 3-Step Workout for Life program by applying a logic model in a local senior living community. The academic investigator and community fitness staff worked together to modify and implement the program protocol following the logic model. The community staff recruited residents and delivered the program. Residents were eligible if they were sedentary, showed muscle weakness, and experienced difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Feasibility was evaluated with program completion and attendance rates, adverse events, physical performance, and activities of daily living. Seventeen residents (mean age = 80 years) enrolled and 13 completed the program with an average attendance rate of 95%. No severe adverse events were reported. After program completion, participants' muscle strength and gross motor coordination of the upper extremity, as well as performance and satisfaction of activities of daily living were improved. This study supported the feasibility of the staff-led 3-Step Workout for Life program to promote independence for residents at risk of late-life disability in a senior living community.

Effectiveness of a self-managed digital exercise programme to prevent falls in older community-dwelling adults: study protocol for the Safe Step randomised controlled trial

IntroductionExercise interventions have a strong evidence base for falls prevention. However, exercise can be challenging to implement and often has limited reach and poor adherence. Digital technology provides opportunities for...

Effect of Dual-Task Net Step Exercise on Working Memory, Global Cognitive Function and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Levels in Elderly with Mild and Moderate Cognitive Impairment

Background: Mild and moderate cognitive impairment in elderly lead to activity limitation and decrease quality of life. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels is decreased in elderly with cognitive impairment. Physical exercise can promote cognitive function improvement. One of the mechanisms is through BDNF. Objective: Analyzed the effect of dual-task Net Step Exercise (NSE) on working memory, global cognitive function and BDNF serum levels in elderly with mild and moderate cognitive impairment. Method: The study was pretest-posttest control group design, which enrolled 26 elderly subjects with mild and moderate cognitive impairment, 13 subjects in intervention (dual-task NSE) group and 13 subjects in control group. Before and after study working memory, global cognitive function and serum levels of BDNF was examined quantitatively with enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Result: There was improvement of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score (p = 0.001) and trail making test-B (TMT-B) score (p = 0.03) in intervention group after 8 weeks of dual-task NSE, while there was no improvement in control group. There was significant elevation of BDNF serum levels in intervention group after 8 weeks of dual-task NSE (p<0.001) while there was no significant change of BDNF serum levels in control group (p = 0.107). Conclusion: Dual-task NSE could improve working memory and global cognitive function and also increase BDNF serum levels in elderly with mild to moderate cognitive impairment.

The Biomechanic Of Bridge Up Analysis

Sport is a physical activity to maintain physic fitness and health. Physical fitness can be obtained with correct physical activity, one of which is by doing gymnastic movements. Bridge up is one of the movements in gymnastics on the floor with a supine body shape or posture which rests on both hands and legs with knees bent. The correct movement is a movement that is in accordance with the anatomy and physiology of the human body, coupled with a mechanical study of efficient movement. In terms of biomechanics, the mechanical laws of motion are: 1) center of gravity, 2) balance and 3) force. It takes coordination between balance, flexibility and good strength to be able to make movement bridge up. Efforts to avoid mistakes that can result in injury can be done by applying the principles of proper training and adequate stretching. In the learning process, a teacher/lecturer must pay attention to the condition of students by providing step by step exercises or a series of movements from simple to complex.

Particularities in Cardiovascular Recovery by Physical Training in a Patient with Prosthetic Valve, Permanent Electrical Cardiac Stimulation and Aortocoronary Bypass

Abstract Introduction: Going through a complete cardiac rehabilitation is essential for all cardiac patients undergoing complex surgery, including those who wear intracardiac devices. Determining the effort capacity after the surgical intervention might provide satisfactory results with the improvement of the quality of life. Case presentation: We present the case of a male patient, 44 years old, known with aortic bicuspid valve, aortic mechanical valve evolved with prosthesis mismatch and aortocoronary bypass (right coronary artery), followed by total atrioventricular block which required cardiac pacemaker VVI, who is admitted in the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic to continue the second phase of the rehabilitation program. The ergospirometry test (which was performed in order to evaluate the impairment of the effort capacity) showed a moderate-severe decrease of effort capacity (42% of maximal oxygen consumption, class C Weber), effort hypotension and chronotropic incompetence which led to pausing cardiopulmonary test before anaerobic threshold. Stepper exercise or climbing stairs did not cause the lowering of blood pressure and heart rate, which led to the idea of controlling and adjusting the stimulation parameters. Within cardiopulmonary testing in patients with pacemaker special regards should be paid towards: parameters assessment during effort (heart rate during the test in pacemakers without adaptation to exercise, heart rate during the test in pacemakers with adaptation to exercise, evaluation of the effort response in patients undergoing resynchronization therapy) and diagnosis of exercise-induced arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia, as well as identification of arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator). Conclusion: The cardiopulmonary stress test in patients with cardiostimulation should respect certain conditions in conducting the test in order to obtain realistic results of functional capacity. Due to the position of the piezoelectric crystal and the immobilization of the limbs during the cycle ergometer test it is recommended testing using the treadmill.

12주간의 코리아 체조 및 스텝 운동이 여성 노인의 건강 체력, 혈중지질, 인지기능에 미치는 영향

12주간의 코리아 체조 및 스텝 운동이 여성 노인의 건강 체력, 혈중지질, 인지기능에 미치는 영향

Application of a Logic Model to Implement 3-Step Workout for Life to Prevent ADL Disability

Translating and implementing research exercise programs that fit into the context of community service provisions is critical to prevent late-life disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of a staff-led 3-Step Workout for Life using a logic model.

The Effect of 12-Week Regular Pilates, Step and Zumba Training Program on Muscle and Fat Weight

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates, Step and Zumba exercises on muscle and fat weight in arms, legs, core abdominal area, and total body.A total of 60 women aged 19 to 62 participated in the study. The mean age was 45±10 years, height was 160±5 cm and weight was 72.31±11.12 kg. Pilates, Step and Zumba exercise program was applied three days a week for a total of 12 weeks. Regional and total muscle and fat weights in the body were analyzed by TANITA MC780. Statistical significance level was determined as p&lt;0.05. In the Pilates exercises group, there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-posttest muscle weights of the arms, core abdominal area and total body (p&lt;0.05) except legs (p&gt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between pre-posttest muscle weights in arms, legs, core abdominal area and total body in Step and Zumba exercises group (p&gt;0.05). In Pilates and Step exercise groups, there is a statistically significant difference between pre-posttest fat weights in arms, legs, core abdominal area and total body (p&lt;0.05) except Zumba groups (p&gt;0.05). Pilates, Step and Zumba exercises groups were evaluated among themselves, there was no difference in terms of the arm, leg, core abdominal area, and total body muscle weights both in the pre-post tests (p&gt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between all groups in terms of the arm, leg, core abdominal area and total body fat weights in both pre-posttests (p&lt;0.05).Pilates and Step exercises can be recommended to women who want to reduce their weight on arms, legs, core abdominal area and total body fat lose weight.

EEG Measurement In Elderly People During Stepping Exercise With Visual Perception Tasks

EEG Measurement In Elderly People During Stepping Exercise With Visual Perception Tasks

STepped exercise program for patients with knee OsteoArthritis (STEP-KOA): protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPhysical therapy (PT) and other exercise-based interventions are core components of care for knee osteoarthritis (OA), but both are underutilized, and some patients have limited access to PT services. This clinical trial is examining a STepped Exercise Program for patients with Knee OsteoArthritis (STEP-KOA). This model of care can help to tailor exercise-based interventions to patient needs and also conserve higher resource services (such as PT) for patients who do not make clinically relevant improvements after receiving less costly interventions.Methods / DesignStep-KOA is a randomized trial of 345 patients with symptomatic knee OA from two Department of Veterans Affairs sites. Participants are randomized to STEP-KOA and Arthritis Education (AE) Control groups with a 2:1 ratio, respectively. STEP-KOA begins with 3 months of access to an internet-based exercise program (Step 1). Participants not meeting response criteria for clinically meaningful improvement in pain and function after Step 1 progress to Step 2, which involves bi-weekly physical activity coaching calls for 3 months. Participants not meeting response criteria after Step 2 progress to in-person PT visits (Step 3). Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months (primary outcome time point). The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and secondary outcomes are objective measures of physical function. Linear mixed models will compare outcomes between the STEP-KOA and AE control groups at follow-up. We will also evaluate patient characteristics associated with treatment response and conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of STEP-KOA.DiscussionSTEP-KOA is a novel, efficient and patient-centered approach to delivering exercise-based interventions to patients with knee OA, one of the most prevalent and disabling health conditions. This trial will provide information on the effectiveness of STEP-KOA as a novel potential model of care for treatment of OA.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT02653768 (STepped Exercise Program for Knee OsteoArthritis (STEP-KOA)), Registered January 12, 2016.

Effects of 12-week Square Step Exercise on Cognitive, Cardiovascular Responses and Activity Daily living Fitness of an Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Effects of 12-week Square Step Exercise on Cognitive, Cardiovascular Responses and Activity Daily living Fitness of an Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Effect of Nonstrenuous Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Chronic Masticatory Myalgia.

To evaluate the effect of nonstrenuous aerobic exercise on chronic masticatory myalgia (CMM) patients and healthy controls (HC) by means of mechanical temporal summation (TS) and response to mechanical stimulation (RMS) performed on the dominant forearm. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with CMM and 30 pain-free HCs were first evaluated for maximum number of steps (MNS) on a stepper machine for 1 minute. Additionally, they completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFL) questionnaires. On the second visit, RMS, mechanical TS, exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate were assessed prior to and immediately, 5, 15, and 30 minutes following 5 minutes of stepper exercise at 50% MNS. Compared to HCs, CMM patients demonstrated increased mechanical TS and less efficient EIH. Mechanical TS scores were reduced in both groups; however, the HC reduction was more robust and persistent. CMM patients demonstrated a delayed reduction in RMS following exercise in contrast to an immediate reduction in HCs. GAD-7, GCPS, and JFL scores for CMM patients were higher than for HCs and were associated with baseline pain intensity but not with EIH or TS. These findings suggest that, compared to HC, CMM patients' pain modulation is both suppressed and has a different effect duration and timing pattern. Further research should explore the mechanisms and clinical relevance of the delayed hypoalgesia and the inhibitory effect on TS induced by nonstrenuous aerobic exercise in CMM patients.

Effect of Kao-Ta (9-Square Step Exercise) and Kao-Ten (9-Square Dance Exercise) on Balance Rehabilitation in Patients with Balance Disorders

Objective: To study the effect of Kao-ta (9-square step exercise) and Kao-ten (9-square dance exercise) on balance improvement in patients with balance disorders. Methods: This prospective pilot study in patients with balance disorders was conducted at the outpatient clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand from December 2015 to December 2016. Patients diagnosed by clinical symptoms and at least one abnormal condition on posturography were taught how to perform Kao-ta and Kao-ten exercise. Participants were provided with the equipment necessary to create a nine square grid at home. They were instructed to perform 3 minutes of Kao-ta followed by 2 minutes of Kao-ten twice per day for at least 45 days in an 8-week period. Posturography and visual analogue scale (VAS) of balance symptom severity were compared between before and after exercise program. Results: Eleven patients with balance disorders were included. The mean age was 57.2±12.9 years (range: 33-70), and all patients were women. The average composite equilibrium score at baseline was 64.4±8.1. After 8 weeks of Kao-ta and Kao-ten, the average composite equilibrium score increased to 73.8±10.2 ( p <0.01). The median (P25, P75) of the abnormal equilibrium score condition decreased from 2 (1, 3) at baseline to 1 (0, 2) after 8 weeks ( p =0.016). The median VAS of balance symptom severity decreased from 4 (3, 6) at baseline to 2 (0.2, 5.5) after 8 weeks ( p =0.028). Conclusion: Kao-ta and Kao-ten exercise can improve symptoms in patients with balance disorders after 8 weeks of exercise.

Low Volume, Home-Based Weighted Step Exercise Training Can Improve Lower Limb Muscle Power and Functional Ability in Community-Dwelling Older Women.

Stepping exercise can be used as a scalable form of high intensity exercise to enhance important aspects of physical fitness in older populations. The addition of supplementary weights increases the resistive element of stepping, with the potential for training improvements in muscular strength, power, and functional abilities alongside other fitness outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-volume, home-based weighted step exercise programme on muscular strength, power, and functional ability in previously inactive community-dwelling older women. Eleven participants, aged between 65–74 years, independently completed a six-week individualised and progressive step exercise training programme wearing a weighted vest. Knee extensor strength, lower limb power output, and physical function using a battery of functional tests were measured at baseline, following a 6-week control period, and again following the 6-week training programme. Following training, lower limb power output improved by 10–11% (p < 0.05) and was accompanied by a corresponding 9% (p < 0.01) improvement in stair climb time and 10% (p < 0.01) improvement in normalised stair climbing power, highlighting the beneficial effects of weighted stepping for transferable improvements in functional fitness. The magnitude of observed training improvements suggest that weighted step training has the potential to prolong independence and prevent age-related health conditions such as sarcopenia.

The Effects of Pilates, Step and Zumba Exercises on Self-esteem, Happiness and Communication Skill Levels

The aim of this study is to examine the self-esteem, happiness and communication skills of women who participated in pilates, step and zumba exercise programs. A total of 54 women participated in the study. Pilates, step and zumba exercise program was applied three days a week for a total of 12 weeks. As a data col lection tool in research; personal information form, Rosenberg self-esteem scale consisting of 10 items, which was adapted to Turkish by Cuhadaroğlu (1986) the scale of communication skills created by Korkut-Owen and Bugay (2014) consisting of 25 items, and the scale of happiness created by Demirci (2017) composed of 6 items. When the self-esteem, happiness level and communication skills scale scores of the participants in the pilates exercise program are examined, there is a statistically significant difference between the pre-posttest values (p&lt;0.05). When the self-esteem scale scores of the participants in step and zumba exercise program were examined, there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-posttest values (p&gt;0.05). When the happiness level and communication skills scale scores of the participants in step and zumba exercise program were examined, statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-posttest (p&lt;0.05). Pilates exercise program positively affects self-esteem, happiness and communication skills. Step and zumba exercise programs have no effect on self-esteem. Step and zumba exercise program positively affect the level of happiness and communication skills. It is recommended that women participate in exercise programs such as pilates, step and zumba.