Artery Stenosis Research Articles

C1q/TNF-related protein 4 mediates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular remodelling.

Vascular remodelling is an essential pathophysiological state in many circulatory diseases. Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behaviour leads to neointimal formation and may eventually results in major adverse cardiovascular events. The C1q/TNF-related protein (C1QTNF) family is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. Notably, C1QTNF4 has unique two C1q domains. However, the role of C1QTNF4 in vascular diseases remains unclear. C1QTNF4 expression was detected in human serum and artery tissues using ELISA and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining. Scratch assay, transwell assay and confocal microscopy were used to investigate C1QTNF4 effects on VSMC migration. EdU incorporation, MTT assay and cell counting experiment revealed C1QTNF4 effects on VSMC proliferation. C1QTNF4-transgenic, C1QTNF4-/- and AAV9-mediated VSMC-specific C1QTNF4 restoration C1QTNF4-/- mouse and rat disease models were generated. RNA-seq, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, mIF, proliferation and migration assays were used to investigate the phenotypic characteristics and underlying mechanisms. Serum C1QTNF4 levels were decreased in patients with arterial stenosis. C1QTNF4 shows colocalisation with VSMC in human renal arteries. In vitro, C1QTNF4 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration and alters VSMC phenotype. In vivo, an adenovirus-infected rat balloon injury model, C1QTNF4-transgenic and C1QTNF4-/- mouse wire-injury models with or without VSMC-specific C1QTNF4 restoration were established to mimic the VSMC repair and remodelling. The results show that C1QTNF4 decreases intimal hyperplasia. Especially, we displayed the rescue effect of C1QTNF4 in vascular remodelling using AAV vectors. Next, transcriptome analysis of artery tissue identified the potential mechanism. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that C1QTNF4 ameliorates neointimal formation and maintains vascular morphology by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. Our study demonstrated that C1QTNF4 is a novel inhibitor of VSMC proliferation and migration that acts by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway, thus protecting blood vessels from abnormal neointima formation. These results provide new insights into promising potent treatments for vascular stenosis diseases.

Decoupled modified characteristics variational multiscale method for solving the blood solute dynamics model

In this article, we propose and analyze the robust modified characteristics variational multiscale (MCVMS) method for solving the blood solute dynamics model, which consists of the Navier–Stokes equations to describe the blood flow in the lumen, the advection–diffusion equation for the lumenal concentration and the pure-diffusion equation for the arterial wall concentration, separated by the endothelial layer as interface. This method is based on the combination of the characteristics temporal discretization to deal with the difficulty that arises by the nonlinear terms and the projection-based variational multiscale (VMS) technique to stabilize the spurious oscillation caused by the lower diffusivity of the solute concentration. The natural combination of these methods retains the best features and overcomes their deficits. The global problem is divided into three subproblems, standing on the full explicitly uncoupled VMS stabilization terms, by lagging the projection terms for the velocity and the lumenal concentration onto the previous time level, and the explicit treatment of the interface terms. The unconditional stability and the optimal error estimate are derived rigorously for the newly introduced method. The exclusive feature of the proposed method is demonstrated by performing four numerical experiments, which achieves optimal convergence order and illustrates the flow behavior, solute concentration, wall shear stress, pressure distribution in a curved arterial blood vessel and a 3D stenosis artery.

Characteristics of changes in the coronary arteries in patients with acute coronary syndrome on the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aim. Study of the nature and characteristics of changes in the coronary bed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods. The study included 85 patients with ACS: group 1 included 47 patients with ACS and COPD, group 2 included 38 patients with ACS. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination.Results. In the majority of patients of group 1 (76.6%), two- and three-vessel lesions of the coronary bed were revealed, and arterial stenoses were multiple, located mainly in the middle and distal parts of the arteries. In (76.3%) patients of the 2nd group, one- and two-vessel lesions of the coronary bed with localization of stenoses mainly in the proximal and middle segment of the coronary arteries (CA) were revealed. The total number of stenosis and hemodynamically significant stenosis was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.01). Extended stenoses were more common in group 1 patients (p=0.04). Damage to the CA of the 2nd order was also higher in the 1st group of patients (p=0.01). The 1st group was divided into two subgroups: 1A (26 people) − patients with COPD of moderate severity and 1B (21 people) − patients with severe COPD. In patients of subgroup 1B, a more significant lesion of the coronary bed was noted due to an increase in the total number of stenoses (p=0.02), hemodynamically significant stenoses (p=0.01), localized in the proximal (p=0.04) and distal (p=0.02) segments of the coronary artery, in the branches of the 2nd order (p=0.02), as well as occlusions and critical stenoses of the coronary artery (p=0.02).Conclusion. The severity of COPD in patients with ACS significantly affects the number of hemodynamically significant proximal and distal stenoses, as well as branches of the second order coronary arteries, which reduces the effectiveness of surgical treatment and worsens the prognosis of patients with comorbidities.

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in tuberculous meningitis: A systematic review.

Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is a common type of central nervous system infection, and may cause multifocal cerebral infarctions due to the involvement of cerebral vasculature. This systematic review aims to review and synthesize the utility of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in TB meningitis. This is a systematic review of observational studies on the use of TCD in patients diagnosed to have TB meningitis. Study outcomes included changes in TCD parameters during stages of TB meningitis, frequency of neurologic complications (such as hydrocephalus, vasculopathy, and cerebral infarction), correlation of TCD findings with neuroimaging, and functional outcomes. Five studies were included with a total of 141 participants, with ages from 4 months to 75 years. The most common neurologic complication was hydrocephalus (87.1%), cerebral infarction (29.2%), and arterial stenosis (26.3%). There was increased mean flow velocity (MFV) most commonly in the middle cerebral artery in the early stage of TB meningitis, and decreased MFV in the advanced disease stage. TCD findings of stenosis were well correlated with CT or MR angiogram. Among patients with hydrocephalus, pulsatility indices were significantly decreased after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. A considerable proportion of patients with TB meningitis develop cerebral hemodynamic disturbances which lead to cerebral ischemia and affect clinical outcomes. TCD is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of vasculopathy and increased intracranial pressure and can thus help monitor disease progression and treatment response. Future studies with larger populations and longer follow-ups are recommended to determine the association of TCD findings with functional outcomes.

Biosynthesis and numerical investigation of radiative heat transfer in silver-blood nanofluid flow through cosine-shaped stenosed artery: a biomedical application

Silver is a well-acknowledged antimicrobial and has wider usage to kill bacteria, as a topical treatment for burns, and as anticancer therapy. Because of this, the current work combines experimental and theoretical examinations on the impact of the external magnetic field, nanoparticle shape factor, and radiative heat in human blood flow. Here the blood is embedded with silver nanoparticles and passes through the cosine-shaped stenosis artery with unobstructed size. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is prepared with moringa oleifera leaves. A mathematical exemplary was developed to scrutinize the control of physical quantities on movement and heat relocation in silver-blood nano liquid. The transformed central equalities are solved mathematically, and outcomes are explored in graphical and tabular illustrations. The obtained results validated the limiting case and found a good agreement. It is remarkable to mention that the silver-blood-lamina mixture heat relocation rate is more advanced than the silver-blood-platelet mixture. Therefore, the suspension of lamina-shaped silver nanoparticles in the blood may help to kill bacteria effectively.

Analysis of biological mechanism of blood flow containing nanoparticles through an arterial stenosis

ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss the flow of nanoparticles in the blood through a stenosed artery in the presence of a magnetic field and periodic body acceleration. The overlapping shape of stenosis is chosen to show the impact of blood flow. The Bingham plastic fluid model is utilized to capture the non-Newtonian behavior of blood in the stenosed artery under diseased conditions. The resultant equations are solved analytically using the regular perturbation method. The impact of various emerging parameters on velocity, flow rate, effective viscosity, and wall shear stress are presented through graphs and discussed in detail. It is noticed that liquid velocity and flow rate increase whereas effective viscosity decreases with an increase in slip velocity and Womersley’s frequency parameter. It is also noted that liquid velocity and flow rate are decreased by enhancing the Lorentz force. The increase in body acceleration enhances fluid velocity.

Analytical and numerical investigation of thermal distribution for hybrid nanofluid through an oblique artery with mild stenosis

In this study, the accuracy of three methods to simulate the thermal diffusivity profile in oblique stenosis artery with hybrid nanofluid and the influence of volume fraction and heat sources in the hybrid nanofluid, including Al2O3 and Cu, is studied. Comparing the analytical methods for reliable answers is important in the new studies. Also, the influence of volume fraction and heat source parameter S in temperature evolution is studied. Akbari–Ganji Method (AGM), Finite Element Method (FEM), and Runge–Kutta method are studied to calculate the stenosis artery's heat profile. The results are compared by reference value, AGM is the more accurate method than FEM and Runge–Kutta methods by less than 7 percent error, and FEM is more accurate than Runge–Kutta by less than 9 percent error. The maximum difference between the three methods happened near the wall of the vessel. 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05 is the volume fraction chosen for studying. Changing the volume fraction of nanoparticles is studied by enhancing the volume fraction of Nanoparticles and presenting the Al2O3, and Cu decreases the max temperature profile and increases the heat source by increasing the maximum heat temperature. Al2O3 has more influence on maximum heat temperature and decreases the temperature profile more.

Unconventional wall implications of intertwined stenosis in constrict artery

A mathematically created model that represents the flow of blood by a stenotic blood vessel is used in the current investigation. The stenotic malady is arising due to the abnormal contraction of the flow passage in the arteries of human body. This contracting produces severe health problems and may minimize the flow of blood in arteries. The study of such mathematically constructed model facilitates us to examine such issues. The circular cylinder is taken with 0.3 m radius and 1.5 m length on the x-axis. The blood is passing through the intertwined stenosis artery. The developed model is assumed to be Newtonian. The segregated solver is applied on the developed model to solve the mass and momentum equations, which is based on the finite difference discretization. The findings indicate that, in comparison to all other regions of the vessel, the maximum narrowing regions of the stenosis eventuate most frequently, directly affecting the wall shear stress. The influence of narrowness on pressure and velocity are displayed in graphs. The pressure distribution of blood on the wall of the artery is also shown. Streamline for the velocity field is also examined.

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease with Moyamoya: A Rare Case Report

Abstract Moyamoya disease is an uncommon chronic, occlusive vascular disease, which causes obstruction and stenosis of arteries around the circle of Willis. Children and young adults are mainly affected. It may cause hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, or transient ischemic attack. We report a rare case of association between congenital cyanotic heart disease and moyamoya syndrome.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain After Mild COVID-19 Infection.

There have been several reports of central nervous system impairments associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on head magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI/A). However, head MRI/A is rarely performed in mild cases, and there have been few reports on intracranial changes after COVID-19 infection in these cases. Here, we report a comparative examination of the findings seen in common head MRI/A sequences in mild cases of COVID-19. Of the 15,376 patients who underwent head MRI/A examination called "Brain Dock"between June 2020 and June 2021, 746 patients who received a COVID-19 antibody test were evaluated. Positive and negative patients were comparatively examined for head MRI/A findings such as cerebral white matter lesions, ischemic changes, cerebral microbleeds, cerebral aneurysms, arterial stenosis, sinusitis, and other abnormal findings. Overall, 31 (4.2%) patients were COVID-19 positive, and all of them had mild infections not requiring hospitalization. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics and head MRI/A findings between positive and negative patients. All positive patients showed no particular abnormalities in the nasal findings such as olfactory bulb atrophy or thickening of the olfactory mucosa. Intracranial lesions in mild patients do not show a clear difference from those in negative patients. This indicates that findings seen in common MRI/A sequences of severe patients are not likely in mild patients, supporting that there is relatively no damage to the central nervous system in mild patients.

Visual outcomes in carotid stenosis patients treated using endarterectomy

IntroductionCarotid arthrosclerosis can be a cause of visual impairment. It has been observed that carotid endarterectomy has a positive effect on ophthalmic parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endarterectomy on the optic nerve function.Materials and methods54 asymptomatic patients (19 women and 35 men - 108 eyes) with unilateral carotid stenosis >70% of internal carotid artery, were recruited to the study. All of them were qualified for the endarterectomy procedure. The whole study group underwent Doppler ultrasonography of internal carotid arteries and ophthalmic examination before the surgery, with 22 of them (11 women and 11 men) were examined after the endarterectomy. The ophthalmic examination included; distant best-corrected visual acuity, measurement of the intraocular pressure, electrophysiology (pattern visual evoked potentials), perimetry, and optical coherent tomography (the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness).DiscussionCarotid arteries supply brain and face with blood. Extensive research has observed a concomitant improvement in eyesight after enduring carotid endarterectomy in patients with artery stenosis. This effect was associated with a better blood flow in the ophthalmic artery and its branches, the central retinal artery and the ciliary artery; the major blood supply of the eye.ResultsThe present study proved that carotid endarterectomy has a positive impact on the function of the optic nerve. The visual field parameters and amplitude of pattern visual evoked potentials significantly improved. Preoperative and postoperative values of intraocular pressure and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness remained stable.

Computational study and characteristics of magnetized gold-blood Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow and heat transfer in stenosis narrow arteries

Nanofluids are incredibly helpful to researchers because of their higher rates of heat transfer that have huge industrial usages. We discuss blood flow via a tiny artery with a stenosis in the appearance of heat and mass transfer in the existing critique. The non-Newtonian blood flow in narrow artery is mathematically investigated by depicting the blood as Oldroyd-B fluid. The major intention of this investigation is to investigate the impact of MHD in Oldroyd-B nanoliquid flow with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) on stenosis arteries. The properties of heat transfer with joule dissipation are being examined. The base fluid for nanoparticles is blood. Appropriate transformations are exploited to convert the nonlinear PDEs that govern the system into nonlinear ODEs. The numerical results of these ODEs are determined using the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). Flow anticipates for every physical quantity is also investigated. Physical explanations are utilized to illustrate the physical effects of flow limitations versus assumed fluid flow. The results show that as the volume fraction, flow, and relaxation parameters increase, so does the velocity contour. The nanofluid temperature is decreased for the volume fraction and Prandtl number. In addition, the drag force and heat transfer explanations for blood flow dynamics are being investigated. As the flow parameter values increase, the Nusselt number decreases and the drag force increases. The modelling and numerical solution serves an essential role in trying to predict the cause of atherosclerosis.

Employing Sisko non-Newtonian model to investigate the thermal behavior of blood flow in a stenosis artery: Effects of heat flux, different severities of stenosis, and different radii of the artery

In this paper, a numerical investigation is carried out to study the blood flow behavior within the stenosis artery. An artery is under applying a constant heat flux on the boundary walls in this simulation. Lumen model is employed for simulation of the artery and the Sisko model is used to indicate properties of blood as non-Newtonian fluid. Also, the cone geometry of stenosis with different severities and radii are simulated. Then, effects of heat flux, different severities of stenosis, and different radii of the artery are studied on the blood flow behavior. It is reported that before stenosis, velocity is increasing and heat transfer rate is also increasing which cause temperature to be decreased in stenosis position. But after stenosis, velocity is decreased. Consequently, heat transfer rate is decreased which leads to reduction in blood temperature. Also, since the blood particles adhere to the arterial wall, with increasing radial distance from the walls, velocity is increased, which causes maximum velocity to be found in the central region. Moreover, the thermal driving force is damped in the lateral region of the artery and does not affect velocity. On the other side, as the severity increases step by step, the temperature decreases, respectively. In fact, the cross-sectional area decreases with increasing severity of stenosis. Consequently, velocity increases and causes heat transfer enhancement, which leads to a reduction in blood temperature. Therefore, the highest temperatures are related to the artery with an intensity of 20%. Although the cross-section area of the artery can change blood temperature, but its role can be ignorable in temperature enhancement and body healthy in this regard.

In vivo adaptive focusing for clinical contrast-enhanced transcranial ultrasound imaging in human

Objective. Imaging the human brain vasculature with high spatial and temporal resolution remains challenging in the clinic today. Transcranial ultrasound is still scarcely used for cerebrovascular imaging, due to low sensitivity and strong phase aberrations induced by the skull bone that only enable the proximal part major brain vessel imaging, even with ultrasound contrast agent injection (microbubbles). Approach. Here, we propose an adaptive aberration correction technique for skull bone aberrations based on the backscattered signals coming from intravenously injected microbubbles. Our aberration correction technique was implemented to image brain vasculature in human adults through temporal and occipital bone windows. For each subject, an effective speed of sound, as well as a phase aberration profile, were determined in several isoplanatic patches spread across the image. This information was then used in the beamforming process. Main results. This aberration correction method reduced the number of artefacts, such as ghost vessels, in the images. It improved image quality both for ultrafast Doppler imaging and ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), especially in patients with thick bone windows. For ultrafast Doppler images, the contrast was increased by 4 dB on average, and for ULM, the number of detected microbubble tracks was increased by 38%. Significance. This technique is thus promising for better diagnosis and follow-up of brain pathologies such as aneurysms, arterial stenoses, arterial occlusions, microvascular disease and stroke and could make transcranial ultrasound imaging possible even in particularly difficult-to-image human adults.

Anisotropic property of turbulent flow control through multiple stenosed microtubes

Rapid development in micro-scale systems and devices for drug delivery and biotechnical analysis has been scurrying. Microtube or microchannel roughness is another challenging factor in microfabrication technology. Moreover, the irregular roughness occurs due to the multiple depositions of cholesterol and other substances in the endothelium of the arterial wall. To investigate those issues, the effect of the irregular roughness of the wall on the anisotropy of the turbulent blood flow through an atherosclerotic artery has been analyzed. The flow through a stenosed microtube has been numerically simulated to understand the blood flow phenomenon through arterial stenosis and different turbulent states. The Reynolds stress components are estimated and plotted an invariant map and Eigen map to examine the turbulent states. The comparison results have been studied to show the nature of turbulent flow in low Reynolds numbers due to irregular roughness. The turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent viscous dissipation rate are also examined. Due to wall shear stress, the flow deserves the turbulence flow characteristic downstream of the abnormally narrowed regions of the microtube. The nature of the wall shear rate and the high viscosity of blood impact the disturbance in the flow velocity in microtubes.

Refractory Coronary Vasospasm After Spine Surgery; A Rare Case Report

Refractory vasospastic angina (RVSA) is a rare condition leading to several episodes of constriction of coronary arteries which eventually leads to myocardial ischemia. Calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) and nitrates are usually used, however, sometimes the vasospasm is refractory and recurrent leading to high morbidity and mortality. A 35-year-old man known case of hypertension underwent two times operation due to T9-T10 discopathy and decompressive laminectomy of three segments T8/T9/ T10 following a previous car accident 4 months before this admission. Three days postoperatively he developed chest pain, dyspnea and diaphoresis. Electrocardiography showed inverted T wave in leads I, II and ST elevation in pericardial leads of V1-V4. Left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis was present (99%) at mid part that resolved after Trinitroglycerin (TNG) injection during angiography. Totally, he underwent 3 times coronary angiography due to recurrent chest pain refractory to conventional management of Prinzmetal’s angina. Coronary stent could not be placed due to severe spasm. Finally, he developed refractory chest pain and dyspnea and cardiac arrest in the CCU despite receiving intravenous high dose TNG, Diltiazem, Nicorandil and Hydrocortisone. He expired after several times of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Refractory VSA after spine surgery has not been reported in the literature yet. This patient was resistant to available medications. There is no consensus regarding the treatment unfortunately. Randomized clinical trials have to be done to find ways regarding unconventional treatment options such as alpha-2-agonists, Corticosteroids, rho-kinase-inhibitors, statins and magnesium. Despite the fact, some surgical interventions with sympathetic denervation like left-stellate-ganglion denervation must be assessed.

Prevalence of Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis in Bihar Population (A Trans-cranial Doppler Study)

Background: The prevalence and causes of intra cranial arterial stenosis in adults’ stroke patients is largelyunknown. Hence it has become a great clinical challenge for Neuro-physician, neurosurgeon and radiologist tofind out the aetiologies of intra cranial arterial stenosis.Method: 100 patients of aged between 25 to 60 years were selected for study. Their past history and clinicalmanifestations were noted TCD examination was performed with portable machine (multi-drop (R) + DWL),which is a 2MHz power motion single channel TCD, MCA was approached through temporal windows by use ofstandard protocol. stenosis of arteries were defined by the peak systolic flow velocity more than 140 cm/sec forMCA.Results: The highest clinical manifestation was HTN 75%, followed by DM 58%, obesity 52% and hyper cholestremia48%, smoker 38%, CAD 32% and least was PVD 2%. In odds ratio study HTN was highest 8.5, followed by CADratio was 6 and least ratio was alcoholics 1.6.Conclusion: The present study revealed the aggravating factor like HTN, DM, and CAD. Atherosclerosis causesstenosis of MCA and peak systolic velocity more than 140 mc/sec for MCA. Hence the patients having suchclinical manifestations will be more prone for stenosis of MCA.

Comparison of Echocardiography and Computed Tomography Angiography in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Arteries and Pulmonary Annulus in Congenital Heart Diseases with Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction

Abstract Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most commonly occurring birth defects. Clinically significant CHD necessitates percutaneous or operative intervention early in life. Accurate knowledge of the morphology and caliber of the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary valve is important in surgical planning, postoperative complications, and long-term outcome of various CHDs. This study aimed to compare echocardiography and computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the evaluation of the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary annulus in children with cyanotic CHD with right ventricular outflow obstruction. Materials and Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study involving 39 children under the age of 2 years with diagnosed cyanotic CHD. Spectrum included were tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), TOF with pulmonary atresia, double-outlet right ventricle-TOF type, pulmonary atresia, and pulmonary stenosis. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, followed by CTA. Images were reconstructed and analyzed, and the results were compared with echocardiography. Results: There was a good correlation between echocardiography and CTA in the evaluation of the caliber of pulmonary arteries and pulmonary valve, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.85, 0.69, 0.62, and 0.73 for the main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), and pulmonary valve, respectively. There was an underestimation of the caliber of the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries with echocardiography (with a bias of 0.73 ± 1.96 mm, 0.01 ± 2.3 mm, and 0.17 ± 1.3 mm for the MPA, RPA, and LPA, respectively) and overestimation of the caliber of the pulmonary annulus (with a bias of −0.07 ± 2.20 mm). Conclusions: Despite a good correlation and agreement in the measurement of vessel diameters, echocardiography may misdiagnose certain cases of valvular or arterial stenosis as atresia, or may fail to visualize the structures entirely. In such patients, further evaluation with CTA may be required.

A Review paper of overlapping stenosis in artery

Blood diseases are considered one of the most common diseases in the world for humans, which occurs as a result of abnormal growth on the artery wall, which leads to strokes and heart attacks, given that the artery is a tube. There are many types of narrowing of the arteries that can be described mathematically. In this research, we will explain again considering the overlapping stenosis of the artery and describing it mathematically.

Expert consensus of national medical research centers in the field of cardiovascular surgery and the Russian society of radiologists: principles and technology for using radiology methods in pathology of brachiocephalic vessels

In routine clinical practice, methods of radiation diagnostics are widely used in the provision of medical care to patients with common diseases of the brachiocephalic vessels (BCV). This article provides recommendations on methods for performing time-consuming and expensive radiological methods (ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA) arteries, CTA veins, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) in patients with diseases of the brachiocephalic vessels. Based on the recommendations of experts, literature sources and practical experience in the application of radiology methods. This guide contains structured information regarding the technology of US, CTA and MRI in patients with artery stenosis, artery dissection, vascular malformation, venous sinus thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. These recommendations are universal and are suitable for most medical institutions that perform US, CT and MRI of brachiocephalic vessels. Compliance with these rules will improve clinical and economic efficiency in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with diseases of the brachiocephalic vessels by standardizing procedures of US, CT, MRI, and effectively use the resources of a Healthcare at all levels when performing radiological methods. The manual is intended for all categories of medical stuff performing radiological methods in diseases of brachiocephalic vessels (US doctors, functional diagnostics doctors, radiologists) and using their results in clinical practice (cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, neurologists, neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, therapists).