Palm Fronds Research Articles

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PAKAN RUMPUT DENGAN PAKAN PELEPAH DAN DAUN SAWIT PADA PETERNAKAN KAMBING DI KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA

Goat farming in Indonesia is currently growing rapidly through the adoption of science and technology. However, this development is not evenly distributed throughout Indonesia, this is because some regions still apply livestock systems with limited existing knowledge. Based on the results of observations made, some goat breeders have started to use fronds and palm fronds from maintenance plants and do not have economic value in Nagan Raya District, Aceh Province. The use of palm fronds as ruminant feed ingredients requires beneficial treatment to reduce the lignin content found in palm fronds, one of the technologies used is fermentation, this is to improve feed quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of grass feed to fronds and palm leaf feed for goats in Nagan Raya District. This research was conducted in Nagan Regency by calculating the ratio of Total Cost, Total Revenue and Profit Analysis on farms using grass goat feed with fronds and palm leaf goat feed. Based on the results of this study, it was found that farmers who used fronds and palm leaves forage earned a greater profit of 69.97% compared to farmers who used regular grass feed. This significant difference was found in the cost of providing grass feed which is more expensive than oil palm feed. Meanwhile, based on the farmer's information, there is no difference between the two types of feed in terms of the cost of vitamins, drugs and care provided.

Synthesis and characterization of nano zinc oxide/zinc chloride–activated carbon composite based on date palm fronds: adsorption of methylene blue

Synthesis and characterization of nano zinc oxide/zinc chloride–activated carbon composite based on date palm fronds: adsorption of methylene blue

Fermentation of blood meal absorbed by oil palm fronds with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Lactobacillus plantarum

This study was aimed at improving the efficiency of blood meal (BM) use as feedstuff through the application of agricultural waste absorbance and fermentation technology. Blood was absorbed by oil palm fronds and fermented by using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BAF) and Lactobacillus plantarum (BLP) inoculants in 0, 60, and 120 hour incubation times. Quality was assessed by using Van Soest fiber analysis and in vitro digestibility trial on the best fermented product. Results showed that there was significant interaction effect (P<0.05) of inoculant type and fermentation times on the changes in fiber fraction of BM absorbed by oil palm fronds. Inoculant types were found to give significant effects (P<0.05) on ration digestibility rate and in vitro rumen condition characteristics. It was concluded that fermentation of BM absorbed with palm oil fronds with BLP in 120 hours resulted in BM with the best fiber fraction reduction, digestibility rate, and in vitro rumen condition characteristics.

One-pot preparation of a carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm fronds as hydrophilic additive for enhancement of membrane permeability and anti-fouling properties

Most polymeric membranes, including polyethersulfone (PES), are limited in their application due to their low water flux and high fouling characteristic. In this study, carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose (C-NCC) embedded PES membrane was fabricated using the non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) method to enhance the water permeability and anti-fouling properties of the PES membrane. Herein, we synthesized our C-NCC from oil palm fronds (OPFs) using a simple and time-efficient one-pot mixed acid hydrolysis method. The as-prepared C-NCCOPF exhibited a rod-like structure with dimensions of 121.03 ± 65.30 nm and 15.64 ± 5.42 nm in length and width, respectively. The degree of oxidation value of 0.21 was obtained, comparable to those C-NCC synthesized using the classical TEMPO or APS oxidation procedures. By incorporating C-NCCOPF nanorods into the PES matrix, the hydrophilicity, pore structure, mean pore size, porosity, and pure water flux of the modified membrane were significantly enhanced. The Hermia model and Bolton's combined fouling model were applied to investigate the anti-fouling properties of the fabricated membrane during the HA filtration at 1 bar operating pressure. The results demonstrated that the pristine PES membrane was susceptible to fouling which is likely related to the hydrophobic nature of the PES polymer. In contrast, it was discovered that incorporating the C-NCCOPF into the PES membrane could significantly reduce fouling and enhance membrane performance.

Release kinetics and bioavailability of nutrients from a slow-release iron fertilizer coated with cellulose derived from waste palm branches and pistachio shells

Release kinetics and bioavailability of nutrients from a slow-release iron fertilizer coated with cellulose derived from waste palm branches and pistachio shells

Pengaruh Penambahan Arang Pelepah Sawit terhadap Sifat Mekanik Batu Bata Merah

Brick is a building material that is often used for residential walls. The bricks in this study were bricks with the addition of palm frond charcoal in the manufacturing process. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the effect of adding palm stem charcoal on the manufacture of red bricks in terms of compressive strength, water absorption (Suction rate) and apparent density (apparent density). (2) Comparing the test results with the SNI 15-2094-2000 standard. The manufacture of experimental bricks begins with adding clay with pulverized palm frond charcoal in a ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20, then molded, dried, burned and tested for new mechanical properties. brick. In this study, the compressive strength of bricks that enter class 100 is a ratio of 100:0 and 95:5 namely 11.75 Mpa and 10.10 Mpa, then bricks grade 50 is a ratio of 90:10 and 85:15 which is 8.08 Mpa and 6.27 Mpa. The water absorption capacity of bricks that meet the requirements of SNI 15-2094-2000 is a ratio of 100:0 and 95:5, namely 18.65% and 19.74%. The apparent density of bricks that meet the requirements of SNI 15-2094-2000 are the ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15, which are 1.63 g/cm3, 1.54 g/cm3, 1,37 g/cm3 and 1.24 g/cm3. Bricks that meet the standards and are recommended as masonry bricks are bricks with a ratio of 95:5.

Influence of Particle Size and Bulk Density on Sound Absorption Performance of Oil Palm Frond-Reinforced Composites Particleboard.

The present study deals with the sound absorption performance of natural fibres from the oil palm frond (OPF), mainly considered agricultural waste. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sound absorption performance of OPF fibre-reinforced composite under normal incidence sound. The materials used were OPF particles and urea-formaldehyde was used as an adhesive. The particleboards were produced with three particle sizes and four target densities. The absorption coefficient of normal incidence sound (αn) was tested using an impedance tube. The effects of particle size and bulk density were also evaluated. The findings reveal thatαn exceeded 0.45 at 1000 Hz and could reach 0.95 above 3.3 kHz. This occurred when the bulk density of the OPF composite particleboards ranged between 0.3-0.4 g/cm3, and the particle size varied between medium to coarse. The results also indicated that the absorption frequency and the degree of αn significantly increased as the bulk density decreased. Therefore, OPF fibres can be used to create sound-absorbing composite particleboards.

UJI FORMULASI BIOFUNGISIDA GRANULAR BERBAHAN AKTIF Trichoderma virens ENDOFIT DALAM MENGENDALIKAN Ganoderma Boninense Pat. PADA BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The aim of this work is to find out the effect of granular bio fungicide formulations with the active ingredient of T. virens endophytes and to obtain the best biofungicide preparations to control G. boninense and improve the quality of oil palm seeds. The research was conducted at the experimental farm and plant disease laboratories, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Riau from February 2017 to September 2018. The research was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment tested was the Trichoderma virens formulation F0 = Control without treatment, F0- = Control negative (Ganoderma inoculant), F0 + = Positive control (15 ml Trichoderma virens inoculant + Ganoderma inoculant), F1 = 15 ml Trichoderma virens inoculant +100 g sago starch + 25 peat peat +25 g tapioca starch, F2 = 15 ml Trichoderma virens inoculant +100 g palm frond flour + 25 sago dregs + 25 g tapioca flour, F3 = 15 ml Trichoderma virens inoculant + 100 g solid +25 g talc + 25 g flour tapioca, F4 = 15 ml Trichoderma virens inoculant + 100 g cocoa shell flour + 25 g zeolite + 25 g tapioca flour. The parameters observed were the intensity of the attack of the disease, seed height, weevil diameter, number of fronds, root volume, seed dry weight, and sprout ratio. uk root. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using variant fingerprints. The average results of the analysis were continued with the BNJ test at the 5% level. F4 treatment showed the best granular formulation for the growth and development of T. virens endophytes, inhibiting the infection of Ganoderma sp. Attack. on seedlings and better seed growth on observations of seed height, root volume, number of midribs, root crown ratio, and dry weight of oil palm seedlings.

The Potential of Oil Palm Frond Biochar for the Adsorption of Residual Pollutants from Real Latex Industrial Wastewater

The Potential of Oil Palm Frond Biochar for the Adsorption of Residual Pollutants from Real Latex Industrial Wastewater

Green production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides via enzymatic hydrolysis from xylan black liquor of oil palm frond

The black liquor generated from the alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is usually disposed of into wastewater, which could lead to environmental pollution. Alkaline black liquor (ALBL) contains a large amount of xylan with a small fraction of lignin, making it a promising raw material for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). In this study, xylan was extracted from the ALBL generated upon treating the oil palm frond (OPF) with sodium hydroxide via two-stage precipitation for the separation of lignin and recovery of xylan. As a result, approximately 84.0% of xylan retrieved from the ALBL was recovered. Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized to recover the maximum amount of XOS from xylan. The results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis produced the highest XOS (62.5%) under optimal conditions of 50 °C, 4 U/mL xylanase, and 3% xylan loading for 48 h. The study provides insight for maximizing utilization of ALBL of OPF for future biorefinery economy.

Improving Literature and Numeration In Elementary School Learning Activities And Increasing Community Income That Comes From Oil Palm In Village Mata PAO

Community service activities aim to significantly improve literacy and numeracy in learning activities and increase community income. This community service is a mentoring activity carried out by students through literacy and numeracy schemes in elementary schools. This activity was carried out for 21 days, starting from August 11, 2022 – August 31, 2022. Community service has a goal, namely to provide experience for students to be directly involved in implementing the learning process at school. The method used in the implementation of this Independent Real Work Lecture is the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Activities carried out by students with assistance include: (1) introduction in the village; (2) introduction to the scope of the school; (3) support the class in the development of literacy and numeracy learning; (4) assisting the community to increase income derived from oil palm fronds. Service activities carried out by students through community service assistance with literacy and numeracy program schemes as well as helping the community have been running well, efficiently, effectively and maximally. The results of this study after doing research that the interest of students in literacy and numeracy factors is good with the implementation of learning outside the classroom while playing and the income function of the community has also increased from the use of palm oil sticks which are used in making various kinds of handicraft products that have functional values.

Analysis of the Design of the Palm Frond Chopping Machine as a Basic Ingredient for Animal Feed

Currently, organic waste is still underutilized. If managed properly, it will produce a sale value and can also be used for various purposes. Organic waste that is still underutilized is like palm fronds. In areas especially Kalimantan, oil palm plantations are very common, the harvesting system in oil palm plantations produces fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and waste in the form of palm fronds which are piled up between the oil palm plants (gangan mati). The purpose of this research is to make a machine that can chop oil palm fronds into animal feed. Before making a coconut frond chopping machine, the design and force calculations are made first. The amount of torque obtained is 1,300 kg.f.mm, the motor power used in the initial design is 3 Hp, and the length of the belt used using pulley 1 with a diameter of 100 mm and pulley 2 with a diameter of 150 mm is A55 inch.

The relationship between the density and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the date palm stem (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

The relationship between the density and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the date palm stem (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Phenol contaminated municipal wastewater treatment using date palm frond biochar: Optimization using response surface methodology

Phenol is classified as an emerging contaminant which can be very toxic even at low concentrations and should be removed from wastewaters before reaching the environment. In this study date palm frond and leaf were pyrolyzed at different temperatures to identify the best adsorbent (feedstock) and pyrolysis temperature to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. Date palm frond pyrolyzed at 600 °C, termed DPF600, achieved the highest phenol removal rates of 64% and adsorption capacity of 15.93 mg/g. Response surface methodology approach using Box-Behnken design was implemented to obtain the optimal pH (6), contact time (20 h) and dosage (0.1 g) for the maximum phenol adsorption. A predicted adsorption capacity was found as 16.62 mg/g which was in close agreement with the experimental adsorption capacity of 17.38 mg/g. Isotherm and kinetic models in both linear and non-linear forms indicated that Freundlich model (R2 = 0.99, χ2 = 0.02, RMSE = 1.09) and pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.99, χ2 = 0.85, RMSE = 5.41) fit best the obtained experimental data. Thermodynamics calculations affirmed that the adsorption of phenol onto DPF600 biochar was endothermic and spontaneous. The point of zero charge was found to be at 6.5 for DPF600 biochar. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed adsorption of phenol onto DPF600 biochar. Application of DPF600 biochar to remove phenol from synthetic primary and secondary treated wastewater samples achieved 60 and 85% removal rates and 241 mg/g and 22.28 mg/g adsorption capacities, respectively. Regeneration studies showed promising adsorption capacities indicating the efficacy of DPF600 for the removal of phenol from wastewater.

Innovative Modern Furniture Inspired by Egyptian Identity Made from Palm Fronds and Digital Printing Trendy Upholstery Designs

Innovative Modern Furniture Inspired by Egyptian Identity Made from Palm Fronds and Digital Printing Trendy Upholstery Designs

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И КОНТЕНТА ПАЛЕСТИНСКИХ ЧТЕНИЙ ЕПАРХИАЛЬНЫМИ ОТДЕЛАМИ ИМПЕРАТОРСКОГО ПРАВОСЛАВНОГО ПАЛЕСТИНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В НАЧАЛЕ ХХ ВЕКА

The article deals with the issues of improving the organization and content of the Palestinian readings, held by the diocesan departments of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society in the early twentieth century. The directions of the relevant changes are identified, which include: the creation of special commissions that coordinated the activities of conducting readings, attempts to form mobile groups for readings in rural areas, the use of visualization tools (“magic lanterns and “foggy pictures” for them), joint singing or performance musical works by an invited choir, demonstration of objects brought from the Holy Land (icons, stones, palm branches, shells, etc.) and, in some cases, distribution of pieces of earth and water from the Jordan River brought from Palestine. Informing about upcoming readings was carried out by publishing advertisements in newspapers, posting posters, orally in a church or educational institution, as well as striking a church bell. It is concluded that despite a number of successes in improving the content and organization of the Palestinian readings, the gradual accumulation of experience in their conduct, nevertheless, interesting findings, techniques proposed and put into practice by various diocesan departments were not analyzed and generalized, did not become the subject of general attention and replication, which served as a deterrent to the further growth of their popularity.

Unlocking the potential of lignocellulosic biomass in road construction: A brief review of OPF

Currently, oil palm fibre (OPF) is considered oil palm biomass, which is highly potential for road construction applications. The utilization of natural based by-products could promote sustainability in the construction and pavement technology, and it aids in the reduction of the raw material cost for this sector. Recently, various research findings have discovered that the OPF has extraordinary properties, which could act as an asphalt binder in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) preparation. For instance, the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches, palm kernel shell, frond, mesocarp fibre, and oil palm trunk is exploited in developing asphalt pavement applications after further processing to produce highly efficient bio-products. Thus, this paper provides a brief overview of the potential of natural fibre, especially oil palm empty fruit bunch, as a pavement material in SMA development. The background on the general requirements of pavement manufacturing has been expressed in the early part of the manuscript. Then, the overview of the properties of OPF is elaborated on its potential as a binder material for a sustainable pavement. It was discovered that crude palm oil and its by-products could be used to make sustainable and cost-effective asphalt and concrete.

Effect of Fillers on Mechanical, Thermal Properties and Combustion Resistance of Polyurethane Foam

In this study, the mechanical and combustion properties of a polyurethane polymer were investigated as a function of the weight ratio of palm frond ash with a particle volume less than or equal to (125 μm). Several variables were investigated, including elongation, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, compressive strength, and rate of burning duration. The obtained results revealed that adding palm frond ash reduces the spaces between the polymeric chains, which reflect the polymer’s high ability to withstand the stress imposed on it, that the degree of homogeneity between each of the polymers and fillings is high. Results showed that adding 60% palm frond ash powder to the hardness combination resulted in an improvement of approximately (3.78 MPa). Moreover, the percentage 65% was recorded as the greatest value of the compressive strength of the polymer with the additive. Young’s modulus also best value is (1.71 MPa) at a ratio of 60%.

Mesoporous activated carbon produced from mixed wastes of oil palm frond and palm kernel shell using microwave radiation-assisted K2CO3 activation for methylene blue dye removal: Optimization by response surface methodology

Employing agricultural waste to develop activated carbon through convenient and environment friendly procedures is an excellent approach to conducting green and sustainable development. In this work, a mesoporous activated carbon (hereinafter, abbreviated as OPFPKSAC) was developed by microwave radiation-assisted K2CO3 activation of agricultural wastes including oil palm frond (OPF) and palm kernel shell (PKS). Evaluation of the adsorptive performance of OPFPKSAC was obtained by the removal of a model cationic dye (methylene blue, MB). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented for optimizing the critical adsorption factors including OPFPKSAC dosage, [MB] dye, pH, and time. The BBD model found that the maximum MB removal (99.6 %) occurred under the circumstances of the OPFPKSAC dosage (0.06 g), [MB] dye (10 mg/L), pH (10), and time (20 min). The adsorption equilibrium data is consistent with the Freundlich model, and both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models could adequately explain the kinetic data. OPFPKSAC exhibited an outstanding adsorption capability of 331.6 mg/g. Multiple mechanisms like electrostatic forces, pore filling, H-bonding, and π-π stacking, are involved in the MB dye adsorption on the OPFPKSAC's surface. This research demonstrates that the OPFPKSAC, with its environmentally benign synthesizing, low cost, high efficiency, and ease of use, is a promising adsorbent for the removal of toxic pollutants.

Simple Regression Modeling on the Number of Fronds Increases with Age on Oil Palm Seedling’s Growth

The productivity of oil palm crops is a crucial factor in the current oil palm plantation industry, considering the prevalent issues and criticisms about the environmental impact of land clearing for oil palm plantations. Given that the productivity of oil palm crops is determined by their quality and growth rate, it is important to study the speed and quality of oil palm crop growth during the early stages, namely seedling growth, where the number of fronds can be measured. This research aims to analyse the number of seedling fronds growing during their 9-month growth period since being transferred from the pre-nursery to the main nursery plantation. The fronds growth observation results of 300 seedlings over nine months are evaluated using the distribution analysis each month, and the growth model in the form of a linear equation is developed using a statistical linear regression method. The correlation coefficients indicate a reasonably significant increase in the number of fronds as the age of the seedlings, with R values = 0.6728, R = 0.8346, and R = 0.9489 for the minimum, the maximum and average number of fronds, respectively. It is concluded that the growth of the number of oil palm fronds can be easily simulated using the developed regression model.