Neurodegenerative diseases are a kind of diseases caused by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function and glial cell homeostasis imbalance, there are many kinds of neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD); Huntington's disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). So far, due to the lack of ideal treatment methods, it seriously threats to human health especially the elder population. Recently, with the rapid development of regenerative medicine, stem cells rely on their advantages including self-renewing capability, low immunogenicity, migration and homing capabilities, and stem cell derivatives including stem cells derived extracellular vesicles and stem cell-derived organoids, it provides unlimited application possibilities for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent research progress on the preclinical and clinical applications of stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases, hope that the reviews may provide some useful clues for researchers.