Abstract
Stem cells offer an enormous pool of resources for the understanding of the human body. One proposed use of stem cells has been as an autologous therapy. The use of stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases has become of interest. Clinical applications of stem cells for Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis will increase in the coming years, and although great care will need to be taken when moving forward with prospective treatments, the application of stem cells is highly promising.
Highlights
Since their discovery, stem cells have altered the perception of the human body and revolutionized medical research
Stem cells hold a great opportunity for each of these diseases as a form of replacement or protective therapy. This is not meant to be an all-inclusive review of current stem cell research within neurodegenerative disease, we review the major
We showed that increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) caused glial differentiation of human neural stem cell (NSC) in vitro and in vivo
Summary
Stem cells have altered the perception of the human body and revolutionized medical research. A long-term follow-up study of intravenous autologous MSC transplantation in patients with ischemic stroke showed very promising results [49] These results may support the use of stem cells to augment growth factor in AD in the future. Disease progression was delayed and survival time increased for transplanted mice because of an integration of the transplanted cells into the spinal cord [62] These studies may indicate that neurotropic factors produced by transplanted stem cells protect neurons from the environment of ALS and increase neurogenesis. GRPs survived in the diseased environment and differentiated into astrocytes and reduced microgliosis in SOD1G93A rat cervical spinal cord [64] These findings demonstrate the potential ability for transplantation-based astrocyte replacement and show that cell transplantation to the cervical spinal cord is a promising therapeutic strategy for slowing focal motor neuron loss associated with ALS [64]. Neurological improvement and a slowing in progression were observed after transplantation [72]
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