Types Of Stem Cells Research Articles

Navigating stem cell culture: insights, techniques, challenges, and prospects

Stem cell research holds huge promise for regenerative medicine and disease modeling, making the understanding and optimization of stem cell culture a critical aspect of advancing these therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth overview of stem cell culture, including general information, contemporary techniques, encountered problems, and future perspectives. The article begins by explaining the fundamental characteristics of various stem cell types, elucidating the importance of proper culture conditions in maintaining pluripotency or lineage commitment. A detailed exploration of established culture techniques sheds light on the evolving landscape of stem cell culture methodologies. Common challenges such as genetic stability, heterogeneity, and differentiation efficiency are thoroughly discussed, with insights into cutting-edge strategies and technologies aimed at addressing these hurdles. Moreover, the article delves into the impact of substrate materials, culture media components, and biophysical cues on stem cell behavior, emphasizing the intricate interplay between the microenvironment and cell fate decisions. As stem cell research advances, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks become increasingly important, prompting a critical examination of these aspects in the context of culture practices. Lastly, the article explores emerging perspectives, including the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing culture conditions, and the potential applications of stem cell-derived products in personalized medicine. This comprehensive overview aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians, fostering a deeper understanding of stem cell culture and its key role in advancing regenerative medicine and biomedical research.

STEM CELL APPROACHES IN ORGAN REGENERATION AND REPAIR

Recent advances in stem cell research have provided new hope for treating a variety of diseases and conditions that currently have no effective cure. Stem cells have the unique ability to differentiate into various cell types, enabling them to support tissue growth and replace damaged or specialized cells throughout the lifespan. Among the most promising types of stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are easily harvested from adipose tissue and can be cultured and expanded in the lab. Due to their versatility, MSCs have become a focal point in tissue regeneration and have been widely used in animal studies and clinical trials involving humans. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of MSCs, focusing on the various types of stem cells isolated from different animal models such as horses, pigs, goats, dogs, rabbits, cats, rats, and mice. Given the growing interest in MSCs, we will also discuss their applications in veterinary and regenerative medicine. Current research highlights the potential of MSCs in treating conditions like heart failure, wound healing, and tooth regeneration, demonstrating their broad therapeutic potential. KEYWORDS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), animal models, cell-based therapy, regenerative medicine

Antiviral immunity within neural stem cells distinguishes Enterovirus-D68 strain differences in forebrain organoids

Neural stem cells have intact innate immune responses that protect them from virus infection and cell death. Yet, viruses can antagonize such responses to establish neuropathogenesis. Using a forebrain organoid model system at two developmental time points, we identified that neural stem cells, in particular radial glia, are basally primed to respond to virus infection by upregulating several antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. Infection of these organoids with a neuropathogenic Enterovirus-D68 strain, demonstrated the ability of this virus to impede immune activation by blocking interferon responses. Together, our data highlight immune gene signatures present in different types of neural stem cells and differential viral capacity to block neural-specific immune induction.

Preparation and characterization of neural stem cell-loaded conductive hydrogel cochlear implant electrode coatings

Sensorineural deafness is a hearing impairment resulting from damage to the auditory nerve or inner ear hair cells. Currently, cochlear implants (CIs) are widely used as hearing aids for sensorineural deafness patients. A fundamental limitation of cochlear implants (CIs) is that spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) cannot be replenished. This greatly restricts the rehabilitation of sensorineural deafness. Additionally, the insertion of CIs can cause secondary cochlear damage, worsening the condition of the patients' cochlear. Therefore, a new type of neural stem cells (NSCs) loaded graphene oxide-polyaniline/GelMA (GO-PAni/GelMA) conductive hydrogel electrode for cochlear implant was fabricated via in-situ radical polymerization and cyclic UV curing technique. On the one hand, the hydrogel electrode, as a direct contact layer, helps to avoid the physical hurt for cochlear. On the other hand, NSCs were supplemented via the hydrogel carrier and neuronal differentiation was induced by electrical stimulation, which was validated by the experimental results of immunofluorescence, Phalloidin Staining and RT-qPCR. Furthermore, based on RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis, we hypothesized that the neuronal differentiation of NSCs was adjusted by the calcium signaling pathway and GABAergic synapse. Overall, our cell loading conductive hydrogel electrode may be an effective solution to sensorineural deafness. The revelation of the mechanism of neuronal differentiation promoted by electrical stimulation provides a basis for further sensorineural deafness treatment using conductive hydrogel CI electrode.

Identifying Dental Pulp Stem Cell as a Novel Therapeutic trategy for Digestive Diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as potential therapeutics for various diseases. In contrast to other sources of MSCs, dental stem cells (DSCs) have received increased attention due to their high activity and easy accessibility. Among them, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit superior self-renewal, multipotency, immunomodulatory, and regenerative capacities. Following their inspiring performance in animal models and clinical trials, DPSCs show pharmacological potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we have generalized the sources, heterogeneity, and biological characteristics of DPSCs, as well as compared them with other types of dental stem cells. In addition, we summarized the application of DPSCs in digestive diseases (such as liver, esophageal, and intestinal diseases), highlighting their regenerative and pharmacological potential based on the existing preclinical and clinical evidence. Specifically, DPSCs can be home to injured or inflamed tissues and exert repair and regeneration functions by facilitating immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and directional differentiation. Although DPSCs have a rosy prospect, future studies should handle the underlying drawbacks and pave the way for the identification of DPSCs as novel regenerative medicine.

Therapeutic Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Cirrhosis

Abstract: NASH cirrhosis is a late-stage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by high morbidity, high relapse rate, and high mortality, which is clinical to treat. Presently, liver transplantation is the most effective radical treatment, but it is difficult to be widely carried out due to the problems of large surgical trauma, lack of liver donors, and strong immunological rejection. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a type of stem cell with characteristics of self-replication, multidirectional differentiation, and easy accessibility. The use of BMSCs for cell transplantation therapy has the advantages of fewer complications and significant efficacy, and it has become an important option for cell transplantation therapy, especially for liver diseases. In this paper, we will review the studies related to the use of BMSCs for the treatment of NASH cirrhosis in recent years.

Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for fistula management: An overview of existing systematic reviews.

Fistulas, abnormal connections between two anatomical structures, significantly impact the quality of life and can result from a variety of causes, including congenital defects, inflammatory conditions, and surgical complications. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative due to its potential for regenerative and immunomodulatory effects. This overview of systematic reviews aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in managing fistulas, drawing on the evidence available. This umbrella review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology to assess the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for treating various types of fistulas. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Register, and Web of Science up to May 5th, 2024. Systematic reviews focusing on stem cell therapy for fistulas were included, with data extracted on study design, stem cell types, administration methods, and outcomes. The quality of the reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool, and meta-analyses were conducted using R software version 4.3. Nineteen systematic reviews were included in our umbrella review. The stem cell therapy demonstrated by significant improvements in clinical remission rates, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.299 (95% CI: 1.192 to 1.420). Stem cell therapy enhanced fistula closure rates, both short-term (RR=1.481; 95% CI: 1.036 to 2.116) and long-term (RR=1.422; 95% CI: 1.091 to 1.854). The safety analysis revealed no significant increase in the risk of adverse events with stem cell therapy, showing a pooled RR of 0.972 (95% CI: 0.739 to 1.278) for general adverse events and 1.136 (95% CI: 0.821 to 1.572) for serious adverse events, both of which indicate a safety profile comparable to control treatments. Re-epithelialization rates also improved (RR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.322 to 1.572). Stem cell therapy shows promise as an effective and safe treatment for fistulas, particularly in inducing remission and promoting closure of complex fistulas. The findings advocate for further high-quality research to confirm these benefits and potentially incorporate stem cell therapy into standard clinical practice for fistula management. Future studies should focus on long-term outcomes and refining stem cell treatment protocols to optimize therapeutic efficacy.

Stem cells in pulmonary hypertension: Current understanding and future challenges.

Stem cells possess the unique ability to develop into different cell types within the body. Researchers are exploring the use of different types of stem cells to potentially repair damaged blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and improve overall vascular function, all of which are crucial factors in pulmonary hypertension (PH). While it is important to acknowledge that further clinical studies and trials are necessary to fully understand the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for PH, ongoing research and initial findings present promising avenues for potentially developing new treatments or therapeutic strategies for PH.

Unraveling Epilepsy: Investigating stem cell approaches for innovative treatment and future cure

Epilepsy is a persistent neurological disorder characterized by repeated, spontaneous seizures that arise without a specific cause. These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to a range of symptoms, from brief periods of unconsciousness or minor sensory disturbances to severe convulsions. The management of epilepsy remains a significant challenge, as current treatment modalities, primarily involving antiepileptic drugs and surgical interventions to remove seizure foci, often provide adequate control for a substantial portion of patients. For this reason, stem cell therapies have become a hopeful approach because of their ability to potentially restore and renew impaired neural networks, which is particularly relevant for neurological disorders like epilepsy. This review investigates the present state of stem cell therapies in epilepsy, analyzing distinct types of stem cells, their mode of action, preclinical and clinical trials, as well as future research prospects.

New avenues in the treatment of ischemic heart disease - Stem cell therapy

Faced with the large number of patients with ischemic heart disease and high mortality rates, traditional drug treatments come with the risks of drug resistance and rebound effects after discontinuation, as well as the shortcomings of surgical treatments such as poor blood circulation and the inability to restore necrotic myocardium. This article starts from the perspective of stem cell regenerative medicine, focusing on the stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, and provides a comprehensive review of the types of stem cells and transplantation methods. It also includes further summaries and prospects, believing that more comprehensive and improved treatment methods will emerge in the future to benefit patients.

Regional Variations In The Immunohistochemical Expression Of P75 NGF Receptors Between Term And Post-Term Human Placenta

Background: The placenta has lately attracted increased attention due to its potential as a significant source of many types of stem cells, such as trophoblastic, hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Placental cells are readily and ethically obtainable. In addition, the human placenta has the potential to provide a significant quantity of stem cells that can be readily isolated, expanded, and differentiated into several kinds of cells. Both the maternal and the fetal components of MSCs are present in the human placenta. Previous investigations have found that the origin of mesenchymal stem cells has a significant impact on their capacity to treat diseases. As a result, placental MSCs have a lot of potential for therapeutic use. Compared to the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs derived from mothers, fetal MSCs have a higher capacity to promote immunological health. The p75 protein has been demonstrated to be the most effective marker for the isolation and identification of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. CD271 was considered a versatile marker that would allow the isolation and culture of multipotent stem cells derived from mesenchymal tissue. No prior work reported P75 NGFR utilized in placental tissues as a marker for mesenchymal stem cells in connection to various gestational ages (term, and post-term) and diverse placental locations including (chorionic plate and placental villi sides).

Cellular stress and epigenetic regulation in adult stem cells.

Stem cells are a unique class of cells that possess the ability to differentiate and self-renew, enabling them to repair and replenish tissues. To protect and maintain the potential of stem cells, the cells and the environment surrounding these cells (stem cell niche) are highly responsive and tightly regulated. However, various stresses can affect the stem cells and their niches. These stresses are both systemic and cellular and can arise from intrinsic or extrinsic factors which would have strong implications on overall aging and certain disease states. Therefore, understanding the breadth of drivers, namely epigenetic alterations, involved in cellular stress is important for the development of interventions aimed at maintaining healthy stem cells and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we summarize published findings of epigenetic responses to replicative, oxidative, mechanical, and inflammatory stress on various types of adult stem cells.

Comparison of Autologous and Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Kidney Transplantation: Immunological Considerations and Therapeutic Efficacy.

Regenerative medicine shows significant potential in treating kidney diseases through the application of various types of stem and progenitor cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), renal stem/progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Stem cells possess the unique ability to repair injured organs and improve impaired functions, making them a key element in the research of therapies for kidney tissue repair and organ regeneration. In kidney transplantation, reperfusion injury can cause tissue destruction, leading to an initially low glomerular filtration rate and long-term impact on function by creating irreversible interstitial fibrosis. MSCs have proven useful in repairing early tissue injury in animal models of kidney, lung, heart, and intestine transplantation. The use of stem cell therapies in solid organ transplantation raises the question of whether autologous or allogeneic cells should be preferred. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), characterized by the lack of HLA Class II molecules and low expression of HLA Class I and co-stimulatory signals, are considered immune-privileged. However, the actual risk of graft rejection associated with allogeneic ASCs remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that donor-derived ASCs can promote the development of Treg cells in vitro, and some degree of tolerance induction has been observed in vivo. Nevertheless, a study comparing the efficacy of autologous and allogeneic ASCs in a rat model with a total MHC mismatch for kidney transplantation showed that donor-derived administration of ASCs did not improve the grafts' survival and was associated with increased mortality through an immunologically mediated mechanism. Given the lack of data, autologous ASCs appear to be a safer option in this research context. The aim of this review was to examine the differences between autologous and allogeneic ASCs in the context of their application in kidney transplantation therapies, considering potential immune reactions and therapeutic efficacy. Some have argued that ASCs harvested from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients may have lower regenerative potential due to the toxic effects of uremia, potentially limiting their use in transplantation settings. However, evidence suggests that the beneficial properties of ASCs are not affected by uremia or dialysis. Indeed, some investigators have demonstrated that ASCs harvested from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients exhibit normal characteristics and function, maintaining consistent proliferative capacity and genetic stability over time, even after prolonged exposure to uremic serum Furthermore, no differences were observed in the response of ASCs to immune activation or their inhibitory effect on the proliferation of alloantigen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells between patients with normal or impaired renal function. This review presents the current achievements in stem cell research aimed at treating kidney diseases, highlighting significant progress and ongoing efforts in the development of stem cell-based therapies. Despite the encouraging results, further research is needed to overcome the current limitations and fully realize the potential of these innovative treatments. Advances in this field are crucial for developing effective therapies that can address the complex challenges associated with kidney damage and failure.

Exosomes and microRNAs: insights into their roles in thermal-induced skin injury, wound healing and scarring.

A burn is a type of injury to the skin or other tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. Burn injuries have been proven to have the potential for long-term detrimental effects on the human body. The conventional therapeutic approaches are not able to effectively and easily heal these burn wounds completely. The main potential drawbacks of these treatments include hypertrophic scarring, contracture, infection, necrosis, allergic reactions, prolonged healing times, and unsatisfactory cosmetic results. The existence of these drawbacks and limitations in current treatment approaches necessitates the need to search for and develop better, more efficient therapies. The regenerative potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the exosomal miRNAs derived from various cell types, especially stem cells, offer advantages that outweigh traditional burn wound healing treatment procedures. The use of multiple types of stem cells is gaining interest due to their improved healing efficiency for various applications. Stem cells have several key distinguishing characteristics, including the ability to promote more effective and rapid healing of burn wounds, reduced inflammation levels at the wound site, and less scar tissue formation and fibrosis. In this review, we have discussed the stages of wound healing, the role of exosomes and miRNAs in improving thermal-induced wounds, and the impact of miRNAs in preventing the formation of hypertrophic scars. Research studies, pre-clinical and clinical, on the use of different cell-derived exosomal miRNAs and miRNAs for the treatment of thermal burns have been documented from the year 2000 up to the current time. Studies show that the use of different cell-derived exosomal miRNAs and miRNAs can improve the healing of burn wounds. The migration of exosomal miRNAs to the site of a wound leads to inhibition of apoptosis, induction of autophagy, re-epithelialization, granulation, regeneration of skin appendages, and angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of integrating miRNA and exosome research into treatment strategies for burn injuries, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches that could significantly improve patient outcomes and recovery times.

Stem Cells as a Novel Source for Regenerative Medicinal Applications in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of the neurons, excessive accumulation of misfolded Aβ and Tau proteins, and degeneration of neural synapses, primarily occurring in the neocortex and the hippocampus regions of the brain. AD Progression is marked by cognitive deterioration, memory decline, disorientation, and loss of problem-solving skills, as well as language. Due to limited comprehension of the factors contributing to AD and its severity due to neuronal loss, even today, the medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not precisely efficient and curative. Stem cells possess great potential in aiding AD due to their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation properties. Stem cell therapy can aid by replacing the lost neurons, enhancing neurogenesis, and providing an enriched environment to the pre-existing neural cells. Stem cell therapy has provided us with promising results in regard to the animal AD models, and even pre-clinical studies have shown rather positive results. Cell replacement therapies are potential curative means to treat AD, and there are a number of undergoing human clinical trials to make Stem Cell therapy accessible for AD patients. In this review, we aim to discuss the AD pathophysiology and varied stem cell types and their application.

A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Comparative Efficacy of Stem Cells Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

Stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer has emerged as a promising treatment option to promote ulcer healing. This network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate how they compete with each other and their ranking with respect to chances of ulcer healing. A systematic search strategy to retrieve data from five databases, were used to identify potential studies. Randomized controlled trial or clinical controlled trial, published in English, using any type of stem cells as intervention in individuals aged over 18 years diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers were included. This network meta-analysis was performed using frequentist method using R version 4.2.1. Eighteen clinical trials were included in the study which included 13 interventions. The study found that most of the stem cells were significantly promoting ulcer healing chances with human viable wound matrix (hVWM) [RR 2.91; CI: 1.28, 6.64], peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) [RR 2.35; CI: 1.21, 4.55], bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) [RR 2.20; CI: 1.34, 3.60], were top three stem cell options among all. P score also suggested the same. Risk of bias study suggested that there was “some concern or “high risk’’ among majority of studies. It is evident from this study that bone marrow mononuclear cells were found to be most effective in wound healing in cases of diabetic foot ulcer in that order. Though there was no significant difference between these and more studies were required to ascertain whether they differ in term of efficacy for the clinical outcome of ulcer healing.

Research progress of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases

Neurological diseases are considered one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide; not only do patients suffer, but they also place a significant economic burden on families and society. Traditional medications now show limited efficacy, and surgical interventions can be dangerous. The need to develop new medicines is critical as more people become aware of the immense burden this disease imposes on society and the limited number of viable therapeutic options that currently exist. Modern research is increasingly focusing on novel and potent approaches to treat neurological illnesses to address these challenges. One promising method is the stem cell-based therapy. The development of stem cell transplantation techniques and cellular therapies in recent years has provided new hope for the treatment of neurological disorders. Stem cell therapies have demonstrated therapeutic potential in animal models, and different types of stem cells have been used in clinical trials. In this study, we explored the applications of mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells in neurological diseases. In recent years, we have examined the current status and progress of stem cell applications in treating neurological diseases, both domestically and internationally, and reviewed some of the key challenges encountered.

The impact of photobiomodulation on angiogenic differentiation of two different dental derived stem cells using two irradiation protocols: an in vitro investigation

The present study aimed to compare the effect of photobiomodulation with different energy densities on the angiogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Photobiomodulation therapy with a 660 nm diode laser (2.4 J/cm2 and 3.9 J/cm2) on two consecutive days post-culture was applied to two types of stem cells (hPDLSCs and SHED). The Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) test was undertaken to investigate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Angiopoietin I (ANG-I) genes on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after the first session of laser application. The 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) test were conducted on days 1, 3, and 5 after the first session of laser application, to assess the cell viability. The Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used to analyze the outcomes of the MTT and RT-qPCR tests. The results of the MTT and DAPI convergently illustrated that the groups receiving photobiomodulation with 2.4 J/cm2 had higher cell viability compared to 3.9 J/cm2. All experimental groups showed an upregulation of VEGF-A and ANG-I gene expression from day 1 to 5, followed by a downregulation from day 5 to 10. The groups with cultured hPDLSCs and SHED receiving photobiomodulation using 2.4 J/cm2 had the most amounts of VEGF-A and ANG-I gene expression on day 5, respectively. In conclusion, the 660 nm mediated photobiomodulation therapy of cultured SHED and hPDLSCs with 2.4 J/cm2 energy density may be associated with higher angiogenic differentiation (the expression of VEGF-A and ANG-I) as well as higher cell viability compared to the photobiomodulation therapy with 3.9 J/cm2.

ThP2.15 - Investigating the use of autologous stem cell therapy in the treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

Abstract Background and Introduction Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the commonest form of alopecia and is characterised by progressive degeneration of hair follicles and programmed cell death, impacting individuals of both genders. This affects 80% of individuals in the Caucasian population and causes impairment of quality of life. The cause of AGA is complex and involves androgens, genetics, and hormonal miniaturisation. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the primary androgen responsible for activating pathogenic pathways, resulting in the shortening of terminal follicles. Existing treatment methods are currently limited, and the development of a therapeutic approach that overcomes these limits might be of importance in plastic surgery. Method A comprehensive search is conducted on databases including Pubmed, Medline, Ovid, and Embase. Research studies are extracted and analysed using the PRISMA table. Results The bulge region serves as a vital reservoir of epidermal and melanocytic stem cells. The use of Rigenera® and autologous stem cell therapy has the capability to collect and separate these stem cells (SCs), leading to a 29% ± 5% augmentation in hair density over a span of 6 months. Additional types of multipotent stem cells, such as those found in adipose tissue, bone marrow, and human umbilical cord blood, might potentially be suitable for the purpose of hair regeneration. Possible advantages include a reduced number of biopsies, a shorter treatment duration, and not being limited by the number of donor follicles compared to surgical intervention. Conclusion Autologous stem cell therapy demonstrates potential effectiveness and warrants additional investigation to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of AGA.

The Use of Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Cleft lip alone or a combination of cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common developmental abnormality in the craniofacial region. This umbrella review aims to identify promising avenues for treatment using stem cell therapy. Materials and Methods: Systematic reviews from 2014 to 2024 were searched among databases like PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. PRISMA guidelines were employed to ensure the thoroughness of the search. A quality assessment (ROBIS) of the included reviews was conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the synthesized evidence. Results: Five systematic reviews were selected for this umbrella review. Results show that stem cell therapy, specifically using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipocyte stem cells (ADSCs), promotes bone regeneration in CLP deformities. Although multiple studies have established the effectiveness of diverse types of stem cells in treating CLP, important considerations including safety concerns, methodological variability, and the need for standardization have been identified. The fact that the number of relevant systematic reviews that matched our inclusion criteria was limited could affect this research's robustness and may limit the breadth and depth of evidence synthesis. Definitive conclusions could not be reached due to variation among treatments and outcomes. Conclusions: The examined studies highlight the potential of stem cell therapy as a complementary approach to existing treatments for CLP. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed, including concerns regarding safety, variations in methodologies, and the need for standardization. Exploring the potential of other stem cell types may further enhance treatment outcomes for CLP patients.