Steering System Research Articles

Development of the electric automatic steering system for agricultural vehicles

Development of the electric automatic steering system for agricultural vehicles

Lane Keeping Assistance for Electric Power Steering Systems based on the Robust Sliding Mode Observer

Lane Keeping Assistance for Electric Power Steering Systems based on the Robust Sliding Mode Observer

Structural Design and Research on Steering System of Self-Propelled Four-Wheel Plant Protection Machinery

Structural Design and Research on Steering System of Self-Propelled Four-Wheel Plant Protection Machinery

New Road Hazard Classification Enabled by Rack Force Estimation of Electric Power Steering Systems

New Road Hazard Classification Enabled by Rack Force Estimation of Electric Power Steering Systems

Design of Electric Power Steering System Identification and Control for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Artificial Neural Network

Design of Electric Power Steering System Identification and Control for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Artificial Neural Network

Enhancing the Efficiency of Rice Harvesting: A Study on the Design and Evaluation of Ripper Type Rice Harvesters

This article primarily examines the optimization of the Indonesian rice combine harvester PT Om Hwahaha (Futata) to increase the efficacy of crop processing and harvesting. The optimization method includes inserting binding mechanisms into the threshing and cleaning instruments, as well as modifying the collecting and steering systems to support vertically bound multiple outputs. Performance is measured by doing trials that involve adjusting the forward speed of the machine, the average weight of the item, and the height at which the weight is put for spherical objects. The findings revealed that utilization efficiency peaked at 98.80% with a forward speed of 1.65 km/h, a weight of 3 kg, and a height of 30 cm. The measures assessed under these conditions were as follows: 722 bundles were generated per hour, grain loss was 2.83%, field capacity was 0.189 hectares per hour, efficiency was 81.8%, surplus power was 11.07 kilowatts, and energy consumption. is 58.57 kilowatt-hours per hectare. This advancement shows the prospect of improved efficiency, less losses, and better energy preservation in rice harvesting techniques.

Development of a Novel Integrated Control Strategy for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems

Development of a Novel Integrated Control Strategy for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems

Designing a new integrated control solution for electric power steering systems based on a combination of nonlinear techniques.

An EPS system is used to improve the stability and safety of the car when steering while also simplifying the steering process. This article introduces a novel control solution for the EPS system called BSSMCPID. This algorithm combines two nonlinear techniques, BS and SMC, with the input signal corrected by a PID technique. This algorithm provides three new contributions compared to existing algorithms: reducing system errors and eliminating phase differences, ensuring stability even when exposed to external disturbances, and reducing power consumption. The system's stability is evaluated according to the Lyapunov criterion, while the algorithm's performance is evaluated based on numerical simulation results. According to the article findings, the RMS error of the steering column angle and steering motor angle values (controlled objects) is approximately zero, and the RMS error of the steering column speed and steering motor speed is about 0.01 rad/s, which is much lower than the results obtained with traditional BS and PID controllers. When the EPS system is controlled by the integrated nonlinear method proposed in this work, the output values always closely follow the reference values with negligible errors under all investigated conditions. Additionally, power steering performance increases as speed decreases or driver torque increases, which follows the ideal assisted power steering curve. In general, the responsiveness and stability of the system are always ensured when applying this algorithm.

A Federated Learning Approach for Efficient Anomaly Detection in Electric Power Steering Systems

A Federated Learning Approach for Efficient Anomaly Detection in Electric Power Steering Systems

Hydraulic Volumetric Soft Everting Vine Robot Steering Mechanism for Underwater Exploration

Despite a significant proportion of the Earth being covered in water, exploration of what lies below has been limited due to the challenges and difficulties inherent in the process. Current state of the art robots such as Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are bulky, rigid and unable to conform to their environment. This makes certain underwater regions, especially those characterised by tight and narrow crevasses - as is the case for coral reefs - inaccessible to currently available exploratory tools. Soft robotics offers potential solutions to this issue. Fluid-actuated eversion or growing robots, in particular, are a good example. While current eversion robots have found many applications on land, their inherent properties make them particularly well suited to underwater environments. An important factor when considering underwater eversion robots is the establishment of a suitable steering mechanism that can enable the robot to change direction as required. This project proposes a design for an eversion robot that is capable of steering while underwater, through the use of bending pouches, a design commonly seen in the literature on land-based eversion robots. These bending pouches contract to enable directional change. Similar to their land-based counterparts, the underwater eversion robot uses the same fluid in the medium it operates in to achieve extension and bending but also to additionally aid in neutral buoyancy. The actuation method of bending pouches meant that robots needed to fully extend before steering was possible. Three robots, with the same design and dimensions were constructed from polyethylene tubes and tested. Our research shows that although the soft eversion robot design in this paper was not capable of consistently generating the same amounts of bending for the inflation volume, it still achieved suitable bending at a range of inflation volumes and was observed to bend to a maximum angle of 68 degrees at 2000 ml, which is in line with the bending angles reported for land-based eversion robots in the literature.

Comprehensive Analysis of DC/DC Converters for Electric Vehicles Applications: Topologies and Future Perspectives

In order to implement the global sustainable development strategy, reduce the burden of traditional fuel vehicles on the environment, and at the same time, due to the increasing oil prices, more and more people are reluctant to use fuel vehicles, the global automobile industry. The centre of gravity has gradually shifted from traditional industrial energy vehicles to electric vehicles. As an integral part of the electric vehicle powertrain, the DC/DC converter has the important function of supplying power to the power steering system, air conditioning and other auxiliary equipment.This paper describes in detail the DC/DC converters that provide power for electric vehicles, describes in detail the different types of DC/DC converters as well as the different topologies, and analyses the characteristics of each topology and the method of providing power to the circuit by drawing the circuit of the different topologies. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of various topologies are compared, and improvement methods and future prospects are proposed for the shortcomings of different topologies.

HYBRID BEAMFORMING FOR MULTIBEAM PHASED ARRAY RECEVIERS

In the search for enhanced wireless communication systems, multibeam phased array receivers have gained prominence. They promise to significantly boost data rates, reduce latency, and improve reliability. However, implementing multibeam receivers with traditional beamforming techniques can be challenging due to the high computational demands and the need for multiple radio frequency (RF) chains. Hybrid beamforming combines the advantages of digital and analog beamforming to strike a balance between performance and complexity. Our research delves into the following aspects of Hybrid beamforming for multibeam phased array receivers: Reduced Hardware Complexity: By blending digital and analog beamforming, we reduce the number of required RF chains, making multibeam receivers more cost-effective. Enhanced Beam Steering: Hybrid beamforming maintains precise control over multiple beams, ensuring efficient signal reception and transmission. Real-World Applications: We discuss practical applications in 5G and beyond, satellite communications, and radar systems. The paper delves into the fundamental concepts of analog and digital beamforming, illustrating their respective strengths and limitations. It then presents the architecture of hybrid beamforming systems, emphasizing the synergistic integration of analog and digital components. Special attention is given to the design considerations of beamforming networks, antenna arrays, and the beam steering mechanism. KEYWORDS Hybrid Beamforming , Phased Array , Multi-Beam , Analog Beamforming , Digital Beamforming , Beamforming Networks , Antenna Array , Beam Steering , Spatial Multiplexing , Precoding , Channel Estimation , Interference Mitigation , Power Consumption , Millimeter Wave (mmWave) , 5G and Beyond .

Optimal Design of a Surface Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Power Steering Systems in Electric Vehicle Applications Using a Gaussian Process-Based Approach

The efficient design optimization of electric machines for electric power steering (EPS) applications poses challenges in meeting demanding performance criteria, including high power density, efficiency, and low vibration. Traditional optimization approaches often fail to find a global solution or suffer from excessive computation time. In response to the limitations of traditional approaches, this paper introduces a novel methodology by incorporating a Gaussian process-based adaptive sampling technique into a surrogate-assisted optimization process using a metaheuristic algorithm. Validation on a 72-slot/8-pole interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach, showcasing improved exploitation–exploration balance, faster convergence, and enhanced repeatability compared to conventional optimization methods. The proposed design process is then applied to two surface PM (SPM) machine configurations with 9-slot/6-pole and 12-slot/10-pole combinations for EPS applications. The results indicate that the 12-slot/10-pole SPM design surpasses the alternative design in torque density, efficiency, cogging torque, torque ripple, and manufacturability.

Linear quadratic Gaussian-based clock steering system for GNSS real-time precise point positioning timing receiver

Linear quadratic Gaussian-based clock steering system for GNSS real-time precise point positioning timing receiver

Path-Tracking Ability of the ASV on Different Adhesion Coefficient Roads Based on Slide Mode Control

A vehicle equipped with an articulated steering system is often used in a particular area, such as a mine or the construction field. These sealing or semi-sealing fields make autonomous driving by an ASV (Articulated Steering Vehicle) easier than in passenger cars. Path-tracking is essential for an autonomous vehicle. To improve the path-tracking ability of an ASV, a path-tracking model is established based on dynamic theory. Then, the slide-mode predictive-control (SMPC) strategy is initiated to design the path-tracking controller. The improvement in the path-tracking ability on roads with different adhesion coefficients is validated via the HIL (Hardware in Loop) platform. According to the simulation in HIL with the provided strategy, the path-tracking error during the typical condition decreased by 21.73~93.84%, demonstrating the SMC controller can be used to improve the path-tracking performance of an ASV.

Metallurgical Analysis in the Outer Tube Fault Area

In the automotive manufacturing industry, product failures are still found. In this study, one of the automotive components, namely the outer tube of the motorcycle front fork, was cracked. The outer tube is part of the shock absorber component which is also connected to the motorcycle steering system. Failure analysis aims to obtain some data or facts that can indicate the root cause of the failure or failure. Sample preparation which includes the process of selecting the cut area, cleaning and cutting for the fractography process. As for metallography, sample preparation is continued with the process of mounting, sanding, polishing and etching. Fractographic test showed that the fracture occurred in a brittle fracture mode, with no traces of plastic deformation. The morphology of the fracture surface also shows the presence of gas trapped in large quantities. In the metallographic test, the overall microstructure shows an eutectic phase with a uniform dendrite structure pattern, this indicates that metal solidification occurs quite quickly and can cause a lot of gas to be trapped in the metal characterized by the presence of multiple porosities. This can provide an indication of the relationship between the microstructure and the fracture surface morphology. Cracking and brittle fracture can be caused by the stress that occurs in the metal that exceeds the yield and plastic limits due to the large pressure of gas trapped in the metal.

A Review of Mechanical Fine-Pointing Actuators for Free-Space Optical Communication

This paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of fine beam steering mechanisms for free-space optical communication on satellites. Precise beam pointing is a critical task for the successful operation of free-space optical communication systems. Based on past research and ongoing projects, the use of fast steering mirrors (FSMs) is still the most popular solution for free-space optical communication applications. Although a variety of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) FSM solutions exist, there is limited publicly available data on these solutions in the space environment. Three main actuation principles are considered (electro-static force actuated, magnetic force actuated, piezo-effect actuated) and reviewed using available data from past space missions. The article describes the most important criteria in the choice of a fine beam steering solution for free-space optical communication in space.

Study of passive steering mechanism for small Mars surface exploration rovers

Planetary surface exploration rovers are required to have the ability to travel over uneven ground such as sandy or rocky terrain. In addition, to maintain long-term functionality under severe mass constraints, the rover must be highly reliable with a simple configuration. The reduction in the number of actuators will also contribute to a reduction in the number of electrical components involved and improve reliability. This paper proposes a lightweight and simple traveling and steering mechanism that combines a path-following system based on the difference in rotational speed of the left and right wheels when traveling in a curve and a passive Ackermann mechanism without an actuator, assuming a small exploration rover of a size and mass that can be mounted on a Japanese launch vehicle. We also propose a correction method to improve the path-following performance. We also developed a prototype wheeled rover of the target size and weight, and tested and evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method in following the target path and overcoming obstacle on simulated soil.

A method for estimating the transverse forces developed by the propulsion and steering system, based on the results of vessel circulation tests

In the article the most useful propulsion complexes are described. General equation for transverse force on propulsion complex is shown. Authors discussed values of flow transformation coefficients discovered by A. Gofman. Disadvantages of general method for estimation of transvers propulsive forces are described. In the article the method for numerical evaluation of transverse propulsion complex forces is presented. This method is based on calculation of total force acting on hull-screw-rudder complex using full scale trials data. Values of coefficients which describe total force acting on propulsion complex are calculated using mean least squares method. Values were calculated for two types of cargo vessels. Verification of calculation was done.

Modelling, Analysis and Control of Non-linear Kinetics of a Planetary Magnetic Gear Motor for a Steering System

Modelling, Analysis and Control of Non-linear Kinetics of a Planetary Magnetic Gear Motor for a Steering System