Steel In Presence Research Articles

Corrosion Behavior of N80 and 13Cr Steel in Presence of Imidazoline based Inhibitor in Three Different Acid Solutions

Corrosion Behavior of N80 and 13Cr Steel in Presence of Imidazoline based Inhibitor in Three Different Acid Solutions

Correction to: Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Correction to: Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

A Comparative Study of the Various Mean Stress-Based Fatigue Life Prediction Models for 880-Grade Indian Rail Steel in Presence of Ratcheting Phenomenon

A Comparative Study of the Various Mean Stress-Based Fatigue Life Prediction Models for 880-Grade Indian Rail Steel in Presence of Ratcheting Phenomenon

Machine learning modeling of time-dependent corrosion rates of carbon steel in presence of corrosion inhibitors

We have employed supervised machine learning methods to model measurements of corrosion rates of carbon steel as a function of time when corrosion inhibitors are added in different dosage and dose-schedules. The experiments show that the time-profile of corrosion rates depend on the dose schedule, while the final rates depend mainly on the environment severity. We find that Random Forest was the best algorithm that predicted the entire time-profile of corrosion rates with the mean squared error ranging from 0.005 to 0.093. Sensitivity of corrosion rates to changes in the environmental variables are well-predicted by the trained Random Forest model.

Effect of green tea in artificial saliva on the corrosion resistance behaviour of stainless steel

Metals used in dentistry in various forms such as metallic curative materials in the mouth, all metals may have the tendency to undergo tarnish or corrosion. The percentage of corrosion varying from metal to metal. Stainless steel and many other types of metal alloys are being used for the orthodontic treatment, which undergo chemical or electrochemical reaction with the oral environment. Here, polarization and alternating current impedance spectrums have been investigated for inhibiting corrosion of stainless steel in presence of fake saliva with and without green tea. Polarization investigation shows that the value of a linear polarization resistance is enhanced, the value of corrosion is decreased and the value of the alternating current impedance is increased by the amount of the CDL. Atomic force microscopic techniques reveals that the decrease in average roughness value on the stainless steel surface in artificial saliva + Green tea medium. The present survey shows that the persons cut with stainless steel orthodontic wire may drink oral green tea without concern.

Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel in Presence of 2-Chloromethylbenzimidazole and Sodium Molybdate in 1 M HCl

Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel in Presence of 2-Chloromethylbenzimidazole and Sodium Molybdate in 1 M HCl

Determination of fatigue crack propagation thresholds for steel in presence of environmental effects

The experimental determination of the resistance to fatigue crack propagation in steel, particularly in the so-called near-threshold regime, is a crucial issue for safety-relevant components which are designed to operate for a large number of loading cycles before undergoing periodic inspections. This work summarizes the most relevant results of extensive experimental campaigns conducted at BAM and IPM over the last years, which have been devoted to the determination of fatigue crack propagation characteristics on medium and high strength steels. The influence of environment, oxide-induced crack closure and test methodologies in the near-threshold regime are discussed.

Study the Corrosion of Iron Steel in Presence of Sacrificial Anode in Different pH Media

Corrosion is a common concern that arise from the use of iron metal components in daily life, both at home and industrial scale. Cathodic protection employing a sacrificial anode is one of several ways for preventing iron corrosion and it is a common industrial method for preventing corrosion in underground pipes, ships, and storage tanks. The metal to be protected and a second metal called a sacrificial anode are the two essential components of this corrosion prevention approach. This study involved preparing corrosive cells with different media for different periods of time. It aimed to application the principle of sacrificial anodes by using zinc and iron as sacrificial anodes for the protection to iron and copper respectively in different pH corrosive media (1,3,5,7,9 and11) with different immersion times (30, 60 and 90 days). The magnitudes of percentage of corrosion (% corrosion) and corrosion rate (CR) was observed by weight loss method for Fe without protection, Fe/Zn couple and Fe/Cu couple. The CR varies with varied immersion times and acid alkaline concentrations, according to the findings. The findings showed a large CR in acidic media, with varying degrees, compared to the alkaline and neutral media. A promising results were obtained in which corrosion rates were reduced and determined by applying protection with the sacrificial anode.

Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue Analysis of AISI 52100 Bearing Steel in Presence of Additivated Lubricants

Tribological properties of lithium potassium titanate (PT), molybdenum disulphide, and tungsten disulphide-dispersed mineral oil (MO) were investigated. The sample containing 2 wt.% WS2 exhibited the lowest coefficient of friction. However, the wear scar diameters of the additivated samples were very narrow. Extreme pressure properties of mineral oil were enhanced with the addition of additives. The rolling contact fatigue results exhibited better fatigue life of the balls in MoS2 and PT-dispersed MO. Surface characterization of the balls indicated more pitting on the balls of the MO and WS2-dispersed MO as compared to MoS2 and PT, indicating a stable film in the case of MoS2 and PT, which was confirmed by the presence of additives on ball surfaces by Raman spectrograph. The results of extended rolling contact fatigue tests proved that PT-added mineral oil provided the highest life cycles of the tested balls, followed by MoS2 and WS2-added mineral oil; thus, indicating PT as a plausible alternative to MoS2 and WS2.

Evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum aqueous extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor for microbiologically influenced corrosion of carbon steel in oil reservoir environment.

In the present investigation, biocorrosion inhibition efficiency of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) aqueous extract on carbon steel in presence of four corrosion causing bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces parvus, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Acinetobacter baumannii) was explored. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and AC impedance studies were carried out with and without bacterial strains and clove extract. The results obtained from weight loss and AC impedance studies indicate that these corrosion causing bacterial strains accelerated the biocorrosion reaction and biofilm playing a key role in this process. However, the addition of clove extract into the corrosive medium decreased the corrosion current and increased the solution and charge transfer resistance. The significant inhibition efficiency of about 87% was archived in the mixed consortia system with clove extract. The bioactive compounds were playing an important role in the antibacterial activity of the clove extract. It was revealed that clove extract has both biocidal and corrosion inhibition properties.

Influence of heat treatment over electroless crystallinity of electroless nickel deposition

In this investigation, electroless Ni-P was deposited on mild steel in presence of magnetic field, a modified coating technique. Degree of crystallinity was measured through integrated intensity, Full Width at Half Maximum and integral breadth with the help of profile fitting. The data which are taken from the x-ray diffraction profile was used to find the crystallite size and microstrain using the in-house software ‘PROFAN’. The presence of the magnetic field modified the Crystallization behaviour of the Electroless Ni-P both in as coated and heat treated conditions.

Hydrogen effect on the passivation and crevice corrosion initiation of AISI 304L using Scanning Kelvin Probe

Scanning Kelvin Probe was applied to study passivation of AISI 304L stainless steel after cathodic polarisation. The rate of passivation in air decreased as a function of duration and current density. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy showed enrichment of the surface film by hydroxides of Fe (II) that was the result of hydrogen effusion from the bulk. SKP measured a decreased potential drop in the passive film. Pre-polarisation accelerates the crevice corrosion of steel in presence of chlorides. Using SKP mapping, increased hydrogen sub-surface concentration and lower level of passivity was observed in anodic zones of the crevice.

Ce addition enhances the microbially induced corrosion resistance of Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel in presence of sulfate reducing bacteria

Influences of Ce additions (0.08, 0.18 and 0.30 wt.%) on microbiologically influenced corrosion of Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) were investigated through surface analysis and electrochemical measurements during 14-day exposure to a strain of corrosive sulfate reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Results demonstrate the addition of Ce over 0.18 wt.% effectively inhibited the formation of SRB biofilm on surface of 2205-Cu-Ce DSS, and decreased the corrosion tendency to a great degree, indicating that Ce addition over a critical value can significantly enhance antibacterial effect of Cu-bearing 2205 DSS against SRB induced corrosion.

Corrosion performance of various deformed surfaces of implant steel for coronary stent applications: Effect of protein concentration

This work was done to systematically elucidate the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel subjected to various degree of cold deformation (10 %, 20 % & 30 %). The experiments were performed in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution having different concentrations of bovine serum albumin (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 g L−1). Potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were performed to obtain the corrosion parameters. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine the surface morphologies and chemical compositions of the surface films. Contact angle analysis was also used to detect the hydrophilic character of sample surfaces. The BSA had a considerable effect of inhibition on the corrosion of SSs in annealed as well as in deformed state due to its adsorption on surface of steel. For annealed samples, at 4.0 g L−1BSA concentration, the corrosion resistance was drastically decreased but interestingly not for sample with more than 10 % deformation and the concentration effect of BSA is also not very significant after 0.5 g L-1 for deformed surfaces. The breakdown potential for 30 % deformed sample is quite higher in presence of BSA even at 4.0 g L−1 while it is lowest for annealed samples in the same condition. The variation in contact angle with deformation is very less after adsorption of BSA. On the basis of the obtained results, mechanism aspect for corrosion of steel in presence of protein is also deliberated.

Effect of modified method of coating on particle incorporation and wear resistance of nickel – phosphorus – diamond composite coatings

In this investigation, electroless Ni-P with diamond particle was deposited on carbon steel in presence of magnetic field, a modified coating technique. Degree of crystallinity was measured through integrated intensity and integral breadth with the help of profile fitting. The coatings were evaluated using an In-House developed software 'PROFAN. The presence of the magnetic field modified the crystallization behaviour of the composite coatings with nickel – phosphorus – diamond through electroless coating process. The treatment of composite coating is performed with different technique at different temperatures. Further, the mechanical wear of the coating is evaluated.

Effect of Al on phase evolution in Prior-Ni coated galvanized steel: Thermodynamic and kinetic assessment

Coating of advanced high strength steel and ultra-high strength steel is a burning issue due to the problem of surface oxidation of alloying elements and liquid metal induced embrittlement (LMIE). In last decade, prior coating of Ni before galvanizing has gained much interest as it has the potential to suppress the surface oxidation of advanced high strength steel with added benefits. Recently, the galvanized ultra-high strength steel with a prior-Ni coating also has been proved as a solution for hot stamping application. It has been observed that prior-Ni reacts with Zn at the stage of galvanizing and forms different Ni–Zn alloy phases with high melting temperatures and resist the LMIE at the time of hot stamping. Al is one of the most important alloying element in commercial galvanizing bath. However, effect of Al on the Ni–Zn phase formation in such coating has not been researched in detail. In the present study, phase formation in prior-Ni coated galvanized steel in the presence of Al in Zn bath has been thoroughly investigated. The influence of Al on the Ni–Zn phase formation has been assessed by thermodynamic and kinetic calculation and then validated by experiments. Al3Ni2 with dissolved Zn precipitated in the Zn overlay and of Ni–Zn alloy phases such as NiZn8 and gamma phase formed on prior-Ni layer in a Zn–Al bath up to 0.01 mass fraction of Al. However, Ni–Zn alloy phases such as NiZn8 and gamma phases were absent in coating achieved by Zn–Al bath above 0.01 mass fraction of Al. Instead a thin compact layer consisting high amount of Ni, Al and Zn formed on prior-Ni layer and hindered the formation of Ni–Zn alloy phase in coating. The mechanism of the phase formation in the prior-Ni coated galvanized steel in presence of Al has been described with the help dissolution, phase fraction, driving force calculations and experimental observations.

Corrosion of Steel in MSE Walls Due to Deicers and Backfill Aggregates

Corrosion of the reinforced steel is the main cause that afflicts the long-term performance of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. The deicing salts used on pavements to melt down snow is one of the major reasons of corrosion of these reinforced steels. The aggressiveness of deicers in terms of corrosion of reinforced steel was estimated through the potentiodynamic polarization technique at various concentrations of deicers. The present study aims to determine the corrosion behavior on bare steel in presence of various individual deicing salt or deicers e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium acetate at various concentration i.e., 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 M. In addition, the corrosivity of two backfill aggregates i.e., natural aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate, was compared. The results show that the corrosion effect of deicers on reinforced steel of MSE wall depends on its chemical composition and concentration. Among the deicers used, the sodium chloride was most aggressive and potassium acetate is the least aggressive for the bare steel. The pH and electrical resistivity values of the natural and recycled concrete aggregates were compared with the standards provided by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and found to be non-corrosive. The corrosion rate of both the aggregates on bare steel were inappreciable and while analyzing the corrosiveness of these two aggregates, recycled concrete aggregate sample was observed to be more aggressive than the natural aggregate.

Study The Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence Of CO2 Gas in Oil Pipe Lines

The current work is the study of corrosion behaveior of carbon steel, in naturally aerated (3.5%wt NaCl) solution. A rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) system was used to produce conditions of turbulent flow, polarization experiments were conducted at various temperature and various rotating speed at each temperature.Similar experiments were carried out using CO2 gas at (32 ml/sec) flow rate.Corresponding experiments by weight loss were carried out in (3.5%wt NaCl) solution with Kerosene + 10% V salt solution and Gas oil + 10% V salt solution at 328k and (0, 400) r.p.m .Similar experiments were carried out in kerosene + 10% V salt solution at (298, 308 and 318)K and rotating speed (0) r.p.m at each temperature.Other experiments were carried out in pure kerosene at temperature (298 and 318)K and speed (0) r.p.m. All experiments were carried out with and with out CO2 gas .The results indicate that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is increasing70% with CO2 gas

Electropolishing of steel in presence of some amines

Electropolishing of Steel in phosphoric acid is considered as corrosion rate of Steel and due to the economic importance of Steel, there are several researches deals with acceleration and inhibition of this process. This paper threw some light on the effect of adding some organic amines on the electropolishing of steel. Different concentration were used from 10−5mol.L-1 to 10-2 mol.l-1 and different organic amines derivatives (methyl amine, dimethyl amine, diethyl amine, triethyl amine, diethanol amine and triethanol amine) were used. Electropolishing process of steel inhibited by different ratio. The results show that organic amines have strongest inhibiting effect ranging from 5% to 59.7% and the thermodynamic parameters as ΔS*, ΔH* and ΔG* were studied. The values of ΔGads are given in negative values in all cases means that spontaneous adsorption of inhibitor on steel surface and strong interaction between the inhibitor molecules and metal surface. It lies in the range of (32–38) kJmol-1 for Flory - Huggins and (15–17) KJ mol-1 for kinetic isotherm. It's found that (ΔGads) values are more positive than -40 Kjmol-1 indicating that the inhibitors are physically adsorbed on the metal surface and the adsorption isotherm were given. The effect of amines compounds with nitrogen free, on the corrosion process is revealed by adsorption curves. The efficiency in inhibition decreases in the order: triethanol amine > diethanol amine > triethyl amine > diethyl amine > dimethyl amine > methyl amine.