Steel In Hydrochloric Acid Solution Research Articles

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution by self-formation of a Malpighia glabra leaf extract-based organic film

A forming organic film applied onto a metallic surface to resist electrochemical corrosion is demonstrated as a potentially new low-cost, low toxicity solution. In this work, the inhibitory effect of Malpighia glabra leaf extract (MGLE) on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) media and the changes in its inhibitory efficiency were investigated. The analyses indicate that the inhibition performance increases up to 94.87% with an increase in MGLE concentration in the range of 0–2500 ppm when MGLE is added to 0.1 M HCl solution. However, it slightly decreased with MGLE concentrations greater than 3000 ppm owing to a reduction in the mobility and activity of the MGLE species under the investigated conditions. Notably, the inhibition occurs at a higher level (97.07%) when the steel is immersed in a more aggressive solution (1 M HCl). The results also show good inhibition effectiveness as a mixed corrosion inhibitor with more anodic predomination in a less acidic environment (0.01 M HCl). Furthermore, the surface analysis results show that the uninhibited steel surface is severely corroded, while less corrosion is observed on the inhibited surfaces covered by a protective film. The corrosion mitigation of carbon steel could be attributed to the bonding of the MGLE species on the surface to form a protective layer with densely packed organic compounds involving the MGLE species. Therefore, this work could deliver a new inhibitor with high resistance to steel corrosion in an acidic medium through controlled corrosive electrolytes.

Experimental and theoretical study of xanthene derivatives as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Experimental and theoretical study of xanthene derivatives as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

The Drug Domperidone as a Corrosion Inhibitor for X60 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The Drug Domperidone as a Corrosion Inhibitor for X60 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Polyoxometalate-Estertin Derivatives.

The development of acid-resistant and efficient corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for metal protection in many industrial processes. In this work, eight cases of sandwich-type polyoxometalate (POM)-based inorganic–organic hybrids, namely, carboxyethyltin and transition metal (TM) cofunctionalized tungstoantimonates and tungstobismuthates, formulated as NaxK10–x[(SnR)2(TM(H2O)3)2(B-β-SbW9O33)2]·mH2O and NayK10–y[(SnR)2(TM(H2O)3)2(B-β-BiW9O33)2]·nH2O (abbreviated as SbW9-TM-SnR and BiW9-TM-SnR; TM = Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn; m = 18, 24, 24, and 22; n = 30, 25, 20, and 21; SnR = Sn(CH2CH2COO)) are first used as green corrosion inhibitors for 20# carbon steel in 0.5–2.0 M HCl solutions. Weight loss and electrochemical experiments prove that the corrosion inhibition efficiency is all above 81% for these POM-based corrosion inhibitors at 150 mg L–1, and SbW9-Mn-SnR shows the highest efficiency of 96.9% at 150 mg L–1 after immersion in a 0.5 M HCl solution for 10 h. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that these POM-based inhibitors form films on the carbon steel and the adsorption mechanism obeys the Langmuir adsorption model. The thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated, proving the occurrence of both chemical and physical adsorptions. The film-forming mechanism was also analyzed. This work provides guidance for synthesizing new lacunary POM-based materials to protect metals from corrosion in HCl pickling.

Inhibition performance of halogen-substituted benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution.

Halogen-substituted benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized and their inhibition performance for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution were investigated systematically using weight loss measurements, electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Results of weight loss measurements indicated that all these compounds exhibited excellent inhibition performance and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations. Polarization results revealed that the synthesized benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives were mixed-type inhibitors. Adsorption of these compounds onto a mild steel surface was mainly chemisorption and complied with the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Both theoretical calculations and experimental measurements suggested that the inhibition efficiency of these compounds followed the order of Br-BT > Cl-BT > F-BT > H-BT.

Triazoles used as a Corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in Hydrochloric Acid

A B S T R A C T Triazoles (Benzotriazole and Benzyl benzotriazole) were used as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency depended on the concentration and type of the triazoles. The inhibition efficiency ranged between 80 and 98 % at the highest concentration (25 mM), and between 65 and 85% of the lowest concentration (5 mm) of inhibitor in 1 M HCl solution. Inhibition efficiency decreased with rise in temperature, this corresponded to surface coverage of the metal by the inhibitor. The calculated degrees of surface coverage, θ, were found to increase with the inhibitor concentration. The results also showed that, the inhibitors were adsorbed on the mild steel surface according to Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm. Polarization study revealed that all the two triazole functioned as slightly anodic, but significantly cathodic inhibitors. K e y w o r d s Corrosion, Mild steel, Hydrochloric acid, Triazoles, Langmuir adsorption, Temkin's adsorption isotherm

The inhibition tendencies of novel hydrazide derivatives on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Three different simple and polymeric hydrazide derivatives have been synthesized, evaluated and investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid medium. The corrosion inhibition performance of these additives was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarizations measurements. The inhibition efficiency obtained from polarization measurement followed the order of PACAH > ACAH > CAH. The inhibition efficiency of the polyhydrazide derivative (PACAH) at concentration of 50 and 500 ppm was found to be 90.66 and 96.79% respectively, while 500 ppm of cyanoacetohydrazide (CAH) was 39.79% and for the monomer N-acryloyl-N′-cyanoacetohydrazide (ACAH) was 88.66%.The surface morphology of the steel electrode was studied with and without the inhibitor after immersion in 1 M HCl solution for 6 h using SEM, EDAX and AFM measurements. The results showed an improvement in the surface morphology where the flawed regions were repaired and the cracks were healed. This improvement was attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules and the formation of a protective layer at the steel surface. The adsorption isotherm indicated a spontaneous physical adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of mild steel electrode. Quantum chemical calculation was used to correlate the inhibition efficiencies data of the hydrazide derivatives with their electronic structural parameters. Theoretical calculations supported and elucidated the experimental results.

Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Two Ketene Dithioacetal Derivatives for Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The methyl 2-(1,3-dithietan-2-ylidene)-3-oxobutanoate (MDYO) and 2-(1,3-dithietan-2-ylidene) cyclohexane-1,3-dione (DYCD) were synthesized and tested at various concentrations as corrosion inhibitors for 316L stainless steel in 1 M HCl using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), surface analysis techniques (SEM/EDX and Raman spectroscopy) and Functional Density Theory (DFT) was also used to calculate quantum parameters. The obtained results indicated that the inhibition efficiency of MDYO and DYCD increases with their concentration, and the highest value of corrosion inhibition efficiency was determined in the range of concentrations investigated (0.01 × 10−3 – 10−3 M). Polarization curves (Tafel extrapolation) showed that both compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors in 1M HCl solutions. Electrochemical impedance spectra (Nyquist plots) are characterized by a capacitive loop observed at high frequencies, and another small inductive loop near low frequencies. The thermodynamic data of adsorption of the two compounds on the stainless steel surface and the activation energies were determined and then discussed. Analysis of experimental results shows that MDYO and DYCD inhibitors adsorb to the metal surface according to the Langmuir model and the mechanism of adsorption of both inhibitors involves physisorption. SEM-EDX results confirm the existence of an inhibitor protective film on the stainless steel surface. The results derived from theoretical calculations supported the experimental observation.

Inhibition performance of 4-mercaptopyridine toward the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution

The corrosion inhibition performance of 4-mercaptopyridine (4MP) as corrosion inhibitor for A3 steel has been studied using electrochemical method. The maximum inhibition efficiency value is 96.3% at 0.25 h and the inhibition efficiency is higher than 89.4% after immersion of the electrode in hydrochloric acid solution for 33 h. XPS results and frontier orbital calculation results show 4MP molecule adsorb on steel surface mainly through sulfhydryl groups and N atoms. Molecular dynamic simulation results show that an inhibitor layer formed on metal surface in the beginning while the inhibitor film changes from monolayer type to bilayer type with the increasing of time, the corrosion resistance and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the adsorbed inhibitor film was improved. The phenomenon supplies new perspective for the designing of the molecules used as inhibitors, which is beneficial for the improvement of the adsorption durability of the potential used inhibitor after long period of immersion in acid medium.

Insights into Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of a 5-Mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole Derivative for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution: Experimental and DFT Studies

A triazole heterocyclic compound namely 3-(4-ethyl-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)-1-phenylpropanone (EMTP) was examined for its corrosion protection of mild steel (MS) against 1 M hydrochloric acid medium using gravimetric techniques. EMTP exhibited excellent corrosion protection performance at low and high concentrations towards MS in HCl solution. Comparison of corrosion protection performance of EMTP and its parent triazole and temperature effects of on inhibition efficacy were also studied. EMTP has potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution with the highest protection efficacy of 97% at 303 K. The weight loss findings implied that EMTP protects the metal surface corrosion through the creation of a protective layer at the surface mild steel–corrosive solution interface. The inhibitive efficacy increases with the increase of inhibitor concentration and decreases with increased temperature. The adsorption of EMTP on the surface of MS follows Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm process. DFT method was conducted on EMTP molecule to calculate the quantum chemical parameters and to determine the relationship between the molecular structure of EMTP and protection performance. The molecular parameters, such as energy gap and frontier molecular orbital (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)), and the absolute electronegativity (χ) value from inhibitor molecules to unoccupied d-orbital of iron atoms on the mild steel surface were also determined and correlated with protection efficiency. The theoretical findings revealed that the protection performance of EMTP increased with the increase in HOMO energy, and the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms are most probable positions for bonding through giving electrons to the d-orbital of iron atoms on the mild steel surface.

Anti-corrosion behavior of 2-((3-(2-morpholino ethylamino) -N3-((pyridine-2-yl)methyl)propylimino)methyl)pyridine and its reduced form on Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid solution: Experimental and theoretical studies

A comparative investigation of the corrosion inhibition of two ligands, 2-((3-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-N3-((pyridine-2-yl)methyl) propylimino) methyl)pyridine (SB) and N1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-N1,N3-bis(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)propane-1,3-diamine (RSB) for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl has been carried out. The inhibitor effects on the corrosion behavior of the samples were determined at three different concentrations, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mM. Electrochemical analyses, including corrosion potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were utilized to study the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in inhibitor-free and inhibitor-containing electrolytes. The corrosion potential results showed a gradual increment from −450 to −421 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, in the range of 0.2 − 2.0 mM SB concentration. In addition, the corrosion potential of carbon steel in RSB containing solutions is in the range of −439 to −434 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, which results confirm that a higher concentration of SB promotes the inhibition efficiency of samples in 1.0 M HCl solution. The results showed that SB had better inhibition efficiency (around 82.1% at the concentration of 2.0 mM) than RSB. The SB inhibitor exhibited a Langmuir adsorption isotherm, while the adsorption of the RSB did not follow the Langmuir model. EIS studies demonstrated that the addition inhibitors decrease the capacitance of the double layer and increase the resistance of charge transfer. Anticorrosive properties of SB and RSB molecules are examined in detail by using Hartree–Fock (HF) method, Becke, 3-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LyP) method, and M062X (highly parameterized, exchange correlation function) methods.

The Synergistic Effect of 2-Chloromethylbenzimidazole and Potassium Iodide on the Corrosion behavior of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The synergistic effect of 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole (2-CBI) and potassium iodide (KI) for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that, with the addition of 100 ppm potassium iodide, the inhibition efficiecy (IE) of 100 ppm 2-CBI in 1 M hydrochloric acid had been improved from 91.14% to 96.15%. And synergistic parameter of 100 ppm 2-CBI with different amounts of potassium iodide is always greater than 1. The adsorption of potassium iodide combining with 100 ppm 2-CBI obeys to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic adsorption parameters, including ΔG0ads, ΔHa and ΔSa of the adsorption of the combinned inhibitor, as well as the Ea of the mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl with the combinned inhibitor, were calculated.

New Corrosion Inhibitors for Low-Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

New Corrosion Inhibitors for Low-Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Corrosion protection of mild steel in Hydrochloric acid solutions using expired Hydrocortisone sodium succinate drug

The erosion hindrance of carbon steel in 1M HCl in nearness and nonappearance of terminated Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate has been examined utilizing mass-loss. Comes about gotten appeared that the restraint productivity expanded with the increment of the concentration of the utilized medicate and diminished with the increment of temperature. The adsorption of this sedate on carbon steel surface takes after Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. A few thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The motor parameters of erosion of carbon steel in HCl arrangement have been examined. Keywords: Corrosion inhibition; Carbon steel; Hydrocortisone

Asidik Çözeltide Yumuşak Çelik için Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Yeni Bir Yeşil Korozyon İnhibitörü Olarak Plagiochila porelloides (Marchantiophyta)’e Genel Bir Bakış

In this study, the corrosion inhibition effect of Plagiochila porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Lindenb. extract, a Marchantiophyta species, on mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution at 298 K was investigated for the first time by applying electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Experiments were performed by immersing mild steel electrodes in acidic solutions containing different concentrations of Plagiochila porelloides extract for 1 hour before each electrochemical measurement to equilibrate with the aggressive solution. Liverwort extract showed a strong inhibitory effect as a result of 1 hour electrochemical experiments, and as the extract concentration increased, the protective effect of mild steel in acidic solutions raised. In addition, the surface images of the electrodes in 1.0 M HCl solutions with and without liverwort extract after 1-hour exposure were examined by an optical microscope and it was shown that the metal surface in the inhibited extract solution had a smoother appearance compared to the uninhibited metal surface. Electrochemical findings and surface images support each other.

Mechanism of Inhibitive Action of Dl-Methionine Towards the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Abstract: DL-methionine has been investigated as inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0M hydrochloric acid solution using weight loss method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The investigated results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in concentration of the inhibitor and decreases with the increase in temperature. SEM analysis indicated that the metal surface was in a better condition in the presence of inhibitor than the specimen exposed in the absence of the inhibitor. DL-methionine acted as a very good inhibitor and is also environmentally friendly, non -toxic, biodegradable and relatively cheap. Keywords: DL-methionine, mild steel, SEM, Corrosion inhibitor.

Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride as a highly efficient corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution

PurposeThis paper aims to discover a highly efficient corrosion inhibitor for 45# steel in hydrochloric acid solution and reveal the mechanism of inhibitors.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, electrochemical measurements, weight loss measurements, surface characterization and theoretical calculation are used to evaluate the inhibition performance and reveal the mechanism of inhibitors.FindingsResults show that didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), especially in combination with dodecane phenol plyoxyethylene, could provide a good protection performance for the carbon steel in hydrochloric acid. The N atoms and long alkyl chains in DDAC molecular structure play the vital role.Originality/valueUsually, DDAC is used as the compound chemical disinfectant in oilfield sterilization, medicine and health. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has shown that it can mitigate the corrosion of carbon steels in HCl solution.

Inhibition effect of sparteine isomers with different stereochemical conformations on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution

This work focuses on the study of the adsorption and corrosion inhibition properties of two isomeric compounds, (+)-sparteine and (–)-sparteine, for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl. Weight loss experiments, electrochemical measurements, surface morphological analyses and theoretical calculation were applied to investigate and explain the effect of ‘Dextroisomer & Levoisomer’ conformations on the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism. The experimental results indicated that (+)-sparteine and (–)-sparteine are effective and potential corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution, and their inhibition efficiencies are more than 93% at 1.0 mmol L−1. (–)-sparteine has better corrosion corrosion efficiency than (+)-sparteine, reflecting the importance of molecular stereoscopic configuration on the corrosion inhibition performance. The experimental results confirmed that (–)-sparteine was adsorbed on the surface of metal coupon by sharping a film to prevent metal corrosion. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations also manifested that (–)-sparteine was absorbed more strongly on the metal surface in a parallel mode than (+)-sparteine. The study provides a trial for the molecular geometry structure and corrosion inhibition property supported by electrochemical experimental and modelling studies.

New inhibitors based on substituted 1,2,4-triazoles for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

New inhibitors based on substituted 1,2,4-triazoles for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions

Corrosion mitigation of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution using grape seed extract

Plant extracts have gained a lot of attention due to their ecofriendly nature for corrosion inhibition. In this study, we examined the inhibition performance of grape seed extract as an eco-environmental inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical noise techniques were employed to study mild steel's electrochemical behavior in the hydrochloric acid solutions containing grape seed extract. Results depicted that grape seed extract could successfully inhibit the corrosion of mild steel. Besides, water droplet contact angle, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were utilized to study the surface of mild steel specimens after dipping in acidic solutions. Electrochemical impedance results showed a corrosion efficiency of about 88% in 300 ppm of grape seed extract. Also, results revealed more compact corrosion products with improved integrity in the presence of grape seed, which confirmed electrochemical test results.