Steel In Hydrochloric Acid Medium Research Articles

Electron-donating Effect of Hydantoin Derivative Inhibitor on the Enhanced Anticorrosion Capacity for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

Electron-donating Effect of Hydantoin Derivative Inhibitor on the Enhanced Anticorrosion Capacity for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

Effect of (E)-2-furan-2-ylmethyleneaminoacetic acid on Corrosion protection of soft steel in HCl Environment

Schiff base (E)-2-Furan-2-ylmethyleneamino acetic acid (FMAA) was prepared and investigated as inhibitor for corrosion protection of soft steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Mass change measurement and electrochemical technique employed for corrosion studies. Inhibitor protects the metal from corrosion up to maximum efficiency of 95.58 % at concentration of 0.004 M. Various activation parameters were calculated for corrosion of soft stell with different temperature. Soft-steel corrosion protection established via Langmuir adsorption isotherm from this; thermodynamical adsorption parameters like Kads, adsorption free energy of (∆G0ads), are co-related to the soft steel deterioration protection. Tafel polarization curves reveal, FMAA exhibited mixed nature inhibitor. Modification of tested metal face morphology characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Interaction of the FMAA molecules on soft steel face was confirmed through FT-IR analysis.

Synthesis and inhibitive characteristic of two acryloyl chloride derivatives towards the corrosion of API 5L X52 carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium

Abstract Two new organic based corrosion compounds were prepared from Acryloyl chloride are namely: N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (DEA) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (MEA). The prepared compounds were studied as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution while the efficiency of the prepared compounds were studied through different chemical (weight loss, WL) and electrochemical techniques [potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)] in addition to, the theoretical techniques as Quantum chemical calculations, Monte Carlo simulation and the surface morphology study using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The obtained results showed that the investigated compounds are working as good corrosion inhibitors, the inhibition efficacy (%IE) increases with the increase of the compound concentrations. However, the %IE decreases with the rise in the temperature proving that the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the CS surface is physisorption, while the polarization data revealed that these compounds are classified as mixed kind inhibitors, that inhibits both anodic and cathodic reactions. Results reveal that DEA and MEA exhibit an excellent %IE of 89.2 and 71.6% at 60 ppm for DEA and MEA, respectively. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on CS surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm. There is a strong matching between results obtained from experimental and theoretical studies. The order of the investigated inhibitors based on the %IE is DEA > MEA.

Investigation of the inhibition effect of newly synthesized pyrazoline derivative on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium by experimental and theoretical approach

• Synthesized pyrazoline derivative 5-[5-(4-bromophenyl)1-1(pyridine-2-yl)-4-5-dihydro-14-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-methoxy pyridine (BPPM) and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. • The electrochemical studies were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization studies. • Surface characteristics of mild steel sample was performed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). • The quantum chemical calculations were performed with the help of the DFT/B3LYP level using Gaussian 16 software for the neutral and protonated form of BPPM. • The UV-Visible spectroscopic study has been employed to confirm the formation of metal-inhibitor complex. The novel pyrazoline derivative 5-[5-(4-bromophenyl)1-1(pyridine-2-yl)-4-5-dihydro-14-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-methoxy pyridine (BPPM) was synthesized the spectral analysis has been carried out using 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and FT-IR spectra. The evaluation of the inhibition effect of BPPM on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5M HCl solution has been carried out by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques with the variation of its concentration from 10ppm to 40ppm at the temperature range from 303K to 323K. The inhibitor exhibited maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 97.5% in Tafel studies and 96.5% in electrochemical impedance studies at 303K for 40 ppm concentration. The change in the free energy of the adsorption process was found to be approximately 40kJ/mol which shows a mixed type of adsorption process. The theoretical analysis of the inhibition effect was performed with quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) which proved the ability of protonated form of BPPM to interact with the vacant d-orbital of iron to arrest the rate of corrosion. The scanning electron microscopy with EDX studies and UV-Visible spectroscopy study confirmed the formation of the metal-BPPM complex. The experimental and theoretical data proved BPPM as a potent corrosion inhibitor at a considerably low concentration exceeding not more than 40ppm. Optimised geometry of BPPM in (a) Neutral form ( b) Protonated form.

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Exploration of Eucheuma Seaweed Algae Extract as a Novel Green Corrosion Inhibitor for API 5L Carbon Steel in Hydrochlorid Acid Medium

Regarding the issue of green chemistry and the vision of human sustainability, a novel corrosion inhibitor for API 5L carbon steel was explored from Eucheuma seaweed algae. The inhibiting performance of Eucheuma extract was studied by electrochemical measurements such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In this work, the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) was also employed to confirm the main phenolic compounds of Eucheuma extract. The electrochemical measurement result indicated that the Eucheuma extract was an efficient corrosion inhibitor in reducing corrosion attacks of API 5L carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium. The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the complicated items, including extract concentration and holding time. Eucheuma inhibitor efficiency up to 90% (96.4%) with concentration 500ppm and 30min holding time indicated that Eucheuma could be used as a green inhibitor. It was found that the Eucheuma extract was a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor that inhibit both the cathodic and anodic corrosion reaction. This study was helpful to discover the seaweed algae that was abundant in Indonesia’s marine for inhibiting corrosion of API 5L carbon steel in an aggressive environment.

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Effect of Schiff's Bases on Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Electrochemical, Quantum Chemical and Surface Characterization Studies

Corrosion mitigation of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution using grape seed extract

Plant extracts have gained a lot of attention due to their ecofriendly nature for corrosion inhibition. In this study, we examined the inhibition performance of grape seed extract as an eco-environmental inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical noise techniques were employed to study mild steel's electrochemical behavior in the hydrochloric acid solutions containing grape seed extract. Results depicted that grape seed extract could successfully inhibit the corrosion of mild steel. Besides, water droplet contact angle, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were utilized to study the surface of mild steel specimens after dipping in acidic solutions. Electrochemical impedance results showed a corrosion efficiency of about 88% in 300 ppm of grape seed extract. Also, results revealed more compact corrosion products with improved integrity in the presence of grape seed, which confirmed electrochemical test results.

A study on localized corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in the presence of Allium Sativum extract inhibitor using electrochemical noise analysis

The present work aimed to investigate the Allium Sativum (garlic) extract as a localized corrosion inhibitor for AISI 304 stainless steel in hydrochloric acid medium. The Allium Sativum extract was characterized by FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of the 304 stainless steel was studied using electrochemical noise (EN), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). According to the EN analysis, it was demonstrated that the addition of the inhibitor up to the optimum amount (8 cc L−1) increased the spectral noise resistance. The shot noise results illustrated that the distribution of the frequency of events shifts to a higher frequency region in the presence of Allium Sativum inhibitor, which is an indicator of less localized corrosion of stainless steel. Stochastic analysis for pit initiation and growth showed that although the pits initiation rate increased in the presence of the Allium Sativum extract because of its antioxidant nature, the formation of stable pits with a radius larger than 30 μm was significantly inhibited due to the filling of the metastable pits with phosphate compounds. Microscopic corrosion morphology confirmed the idea of the formation of phosphate compounds on the pits nuclei and re-passivation of the steel surface.

Corrosion inhibition effect of Cycas revoluta leaves extract on corrosion of soft‐cast steel in hydrochloric acid medium

AbstractThe inhibition action of environmentally sustainable inhibitor Cycas revoluta leaves extract (CRLE) for corrosion protection of soft‐cast steel in a solution of HCl was assessed with electrochemical and chemical methods. The eco‐friendly inhibitor forms a thin coating on soft‐cast steel and slows the corrosion in acid media. The percent inhibition performance, corrosion current density, corrosion potential, and both anodic and cathodic slopes for Tafel were calculated. The results for electrochemical and chemical research are in beneficial correlation with each other. The inhibitor's inhibitory ability was well illustrated by the CRLE adsorption on soft‐cast steel followed the Langmuir isotherm. The investigations reveal that CRLE is a mixed form of inhibitor. Studies were performed with varying inhibitor amounts and temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and it shows that the corrosion inhibition effect is spontaneous and exothermic. The interaction of the plant extract was characterized by SEM, FTIR, contact angle measurements, and AFM techniques.

Corrosion inhibition potentials of Cucurbita polyesteramide urethane on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium: Experimental and computational studies

Polyesteramide urethane was synthesized from Cucurbita maxima seed oil and characterized via Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The inhibiting effect of the synthesized polyesteramide urethane (CPEAU) on mild steel in 1.0 Molar concentrations of HCl was investigated through electrochemical and weight loss measurements. The temperature effect on the corrosion performance of the mild steel with or without CPEAU was studied in the range of 303–333 K. It was found that an increase in temperature led to a decrease in inhibition efficiency. The adsorption of CPEAU molecules on mild steel was spontaneous and the isotherm model which the adsorption obeyed was Langmuir's. It was observed that, the value of activation energy for the uninhibited test solution (35.82 kJ/mol) was discovered to be less than those obtained for the inhibited test solutions at different temperatures (49.91 kJ/mol, 50.49 kJ/mol, 53.78 kJ/mol, 62.78 kJ/mol and 69.89 kJ/mol), that signifying electrostatic interaction (physisorption mechanism) of CPEAU on mild steel. Potentiodynamic polarization investigation signified a mixed-type inhibition mechanism of CPEAU at a lower concentration with predominant cathodic effects at a higher concentration. Quantum chemical descriptors revealed the carboxylic group on CPEAU molecule as the active adsorptive sites through which adsorption occurred on the mild steel surface, and a molecular dynamics simulation showed the adsorption and binding energies of the inhibitor. The experimental and computational results were in good agreement.

A pyridine derivative 2-(2-Methylaminoethyl)pyridine (MAEP) as a ‘green’ corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in hydrochloric acid media

2-(2-Methylaminoethyl)pyridine (MAEP) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in aqueous HCl at various MAEP concentrations, temperatures, pH levels, HCl concentrations and immersion times. The maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to be around 91% at an inhibitor concentration of 25 mM. The corresponding corrosion resistance values, measured by impedance spectroscopy and polarization resistance, were 407± 41 and 422±52 Ω cm2, respectively, and the Tafel technique measured a corrosion current density of 52±5 μA cm−2. MAEP also efficiently protected CS at relatively higher temperatures, HCl concentrations and at low pH levels. The adsorption of MAEP on CS was found to obey the modified-Langmuir isotherm. The standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption was −18.1 kJ mol−1 with an adsorption affinity constant of 29 M−1. The MAEP adsorption kinetics was found to be relatively fast. MAEP was found to effectively protect CS from corrosion over a period of one month of immersion of the material in the very corrosive electrolyte. The interaction of MAEP with the CS surface was found to occur through the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring of MAEP.

Anticorrosion performance of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract and Tween-80 for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

Grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) is extracted from grape seeds, the waste of the grape consumption, based on a three-level three-factor response surface methodology (RSM). An eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor composed of GSPE and Tween-80 has been developed for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid, whose inhibition performance is evaluated by using weight loss test, electrochemical investigations, and surface morphology analysis. The mixture of GSPE and Tween-80 mixture improves the corrosion inhibition of mild steel compared to individual inhibitors (i.e., 96.48% versus 77.68%/88.57%), reflecting a synergistic action between GSPE and Tween-80. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic parameters indicate that the adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm, and involves both physisorption and chemisorption. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) study shows that the GSPE–Tween-80 mixture acts as a mixed type inhibitor and mainly inhibits the anodic process. Surface morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) help to confirm the presence of the GSPE–Tween-80 mixture on the mild steel surface. Quantum chemical (QC) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations studies further supported the experimental results.

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl by chondroitin sulfate and its synergistic effect with sodium alginate

The development of effective and environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for the protection of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. Accordingly, a natural polysaccharide mixture inhibitor composed of chondroitin sulfate derived from pig cartilage (CS-PC) and sodium alginate (SA) is developed here, and the synergistic effect of the two polysaccharides towards adsorption on mild steel in 1 M HCl is studied. The inhibition performance has been studied using weight loss test, electrochemical investigations, SEM, SECM and UV methods. The results indicate that the mixtures of CS-PC and SA strongly inhibit the corrosion of mild steel compared to individual inhibitors (i.e., 95.18 % versus 72.78 %), and show a synergistic inhibition effect. The structure-activity relationship between the molecular structure of the CS-PC + SA mixture and its corrosion inhibition performance has been discussed by using the quantum chemistry calculation and molecular dynamics simulations. It is believed that these results have certain guiding significance for the rational design of efficient corrosion inhibitor.

Gleichenia linearis Burm. Leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

Gleichenia linearis Burm. Leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

Pioglitazone(PGZ) drug as potential inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

The inhibitive effect of Pioglitazone (PGZ) drug on mild steel corrosion in 1 N HCl solution was tested by weight loss and electrochemical methods at 303–333 K; the inhibition efficiency of PGZ obtained by all methods was in good agreement with each other. In all the experimental studies, Inhibition efficiency increases with increase in concentrations of the PGZ but decreases with rise in the temperature. Potentiodynamic Polarization measurements revealed that the inhibiting action of PGZ is under mixed control. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results established the formation of protective layer on the mild steel surface.

Corrosion prevention of AISI 304 stainless steel in hydrochloric acid medium using garlic extract as a green corrosion inhibitor: Electrochemical and theoretical studies

The presence of various functional groups in the primary molecules of the garlic extract makes this extract a suitable candidate for corrosion inhibition of AISI 304 stainless steel in acidic electrolytes. In this study, corrosion of AISI 304 stainless steel in 0.5 M HCl in the presence of the garlic extract was investigated using weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical noise analysis, and computational simulation including density functional theory (DFT), Monte Carlo (MC), and molecular dynamics (MD). The results from the weight loss and electrochemical measurements indicated that the garlic extract reduces the corrosion rate of the stainless steel in HCl solution up to 88%, and the extract works as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor by hindering both cathodic and anodic reactions on the surface. Further investigation illustrated that the inhibitor follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm during the process of adsorption. Moreover, the computational findings from DFT modeling and molecular simulations based on MC and MD shed more light on the surface adsorption features of the garlic extract.

N‐methyl‐2‐hydroxyethylammonium oleate ionic liquid performance as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the performance of N‐methyl‐2‐hydroxyethylammonium oleate ([m‐2HEA][Ol]) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 0.1‐mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and also investigate the role of chloride in the inhibition mechanism. This protic ionic liquid (PIL) has formerly shown a high efficiency as a corrosion inhibitor in a neutral chloride medium. Electrochemical and weight loss measurements, surface contact angle determination, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to understand the factors that influence the response of the studied inhibitor. Results revealed that [m‐2HEA][Ol] behaves as a mixed‐type adsorption inhibitor, by blocking cathodic sites and by modifying the activation energy of the anodic reaction, and it can reach up to 94–97% of inhibition efficiency. PIL adsorption was enhanced by the excess of positive charge of the mild steel. The effect of inhibitor molecule has been discussed to propose a mechanism that explains the inhibitory action of the corrosion inhibitor, pointing out the role of chloride in the inhibition mechanism.

The inhibition action of methoxy-substituted phenylthienyl benzamidines on the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium

In the present work, we investigated three methoxy-substituted phenylthienylbenzamidine derivatives namely: monocationic 2,5-diarylthiophenes namely; 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene hydrochloride salt (MA-1313), 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)thiophene hydrochloride salt (MA-1314), 2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)thiophene hydrochloride salt (MA-1216) as corrosion inhibitors for C-steel in 1 M HCl using weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic (PP) polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), surface examinations by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Theoretical studies such as quantum chemical and molecular simulations studies were used to support the experimental findings. The experimental results revealed that the effectiveness of thienyl benzamidine derivatives increases with increasing the concentration of inhibitors in test solution, while it reduces as the temperature increases. The inhibition efficiency (%IE) of MA-1313 reaches to 95% at 21 × 10−6 M by EFM tests. The adsorption of the studied phenylthienylbenzamidine derivatives on the surface of C-steel obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. By calculating some relevant thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption-free energy values for investigated inhibitors have been obtained and discussed. The adsorption of the investigated compounds on C-steel was spontaneous process and rises in the same trend as the effectiveness of inhibition. Polarization curves indicated that the studied cationic 2,5-diarylthiophenes are mixed-type inhibitors, but mainly in the cathodic region than anodic domain. There is strong consensus between the results obtained from chemical and electrochemical methods.

Chemical, Electrochemical, Theoretical and Surface Morphology Studies of Triazepine Carboxylate Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium

The purpose of this paper is to study the temperature effects on mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M of HCl in the absence and the presence of three triazepine carboxylate compounds that were investigated by using molecular dynamic, Monte Carlo simulation approach and electrochemical methods. The inhibition action of all triazepine carboxylate compounds studied was performed via adsorption on mild steel surface. It is showed that triazepine carboxylate compounds are very good inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl medium which are act as mixed-type inhibitors. EIS showed that all compounds act by the formation of a protective film at the metal surface. Molecular dynamic simulation study was employed to provide significant relationship between molecular structure of triazepine carboxylate inhibitor molecules and their inhibition efficiency, adsorption mode and ability. The binding energies of tested triazepine carboxylate compounds on Fe (110) surfaces were calculated. Very good agreement was obtained with the experimental data. Atomic force microscopy indicated that (2Cl-Me) molecules contribute to a protective layer formation by their adsorption on the steel surface.