Steel In HCl Research Articles

The inhibition of Carica papayaleaves extract on the corrosion of cold worked and annealed mild steel in HCl and NaOH solutionsusing a weight loss technique

The inhibition of Carica papayaleaves extract on the corrosion of cold worked and annealed mild steel in HCl and NaOH solutionsusing a weight loss technique

Cinnamaldehyde as a Green Inhibitor in Mitigating AISI 1015 Carbon Steel Corrosion in HCl

This communication reports the inhibitive attributes of cinnamaldehyde mitigating corrosion of AISI 1015 carbon steel in HCl (10% w/w) medium. The mild steel coupons were exposed in HCl medium with and without the presence of cinnamaldehyde. Following the exposure, the samples were analyzed for weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization responses, and postmortem surface characterization. The optimal cinnamaldehyde dose and inhibition efficiency were found to be 200 ppm and 95.36%, respectively. The inhibition was assumed to be mainly due to the adsorption of cinnamaldehyde on the metal surface, which followed the Langmuir isotherm. The temperature effects (25– $$85\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ ) data suggested that the binding affinity of cinnamaldehyde on the metal surface was strong. The moderate rise of inhibition efficiency was associated with the chemical adsorption. The value of activation energy $$(E_{\mathrm{a}})$$ obtained was found to be lower than that the value obtained in the inhibitor-free HCl solution. The polarization measurements showed that the inhibitor was virtually mixed type with reduction of cathodic and anodic current densities. The inhibition efficiency, calculated from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization, was found to be in good agreement with the literature. Scanning electron microscope observations confirmed the existence of a protective adsorbed film of the inhibitor on the metal surface.

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Aqueous HCl using Bitter Leaf and Fenugreek Seed Oils

Bitter leaf and Fenugreek seed oils were extracted from their parent seed plants for use as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in HCl. Corrosion measurements were taken at a time interval of 72 h. The Fenugreek seed oil gave 90% efficiency with a regression coefficient of 0.99 in terms of its ability to resist HCl corrosion, while the bitter leaf oil extract gave a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 87% with a regression coefficient of 0.84. Based on analyses, the adsorption of the extracts to mild steel obeyed better, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. From the calculated ∆Gs, the adsorption of Fenugreek and bitter leaf oils on the surface of the mild steel as corrosion inhibitors, were found to be clearly descriptive of physiosorption and chemisorption respectively. Furthermore, the FLE and BLE adsorption behavior on the mild steel can be described as that of mixed-type inhibitor. Based on the phytochemical test conducted, the better performance of the FLE relative to the BLE may be as a result of terpenoids which are present in the FLE.

Exploring deep insights into the interaction mechanism of a quinazoline derivative with mild steel in HCl: electrochemical, DFT, and molecular dynamic simulation studies

A novel quinazoline derivative, 3-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroquinoline-2(1H)-One (CPHQ), was successfully designed and synthesized. Then, its corrosion inhibition behavior on carbon steel (CS) surface in 1.0 M HCl at different temperatures was investigated using chemical, electrochemical and theoretical techniques. The experiments confirmed that the studied inhibitor shows inhibition efficiency as high as 95% even at very low concentration of 5 × 10−3 M. To ascertain the nature of adsorption of CPHQ molecules on CS surface, Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was best fitted. From potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) calculations, it was concluded that the CPHQ acted as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies revealed that increase in CPHQ concentration, resulted in an increase in the polarization resistance with a simultaneous decrease in the double-layer capacitance values. PDP tests were also performed to understand the corrosion behavior of CS as a function of temperature without and with varying concentrations of CPHQ, at temperatures 303, 313, 323, and 333 K. It can be concluded that the corrosion inhibition effect was dependent on the concentration of the inhibitor and the solution temperature. In order to understand the basic insights of the action mode of CPHQ molecules, Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations were also employed on the optimized structure of CPHQ.

Synergistic interaction of 2-amino 4-methyl benzothiazole (AMBT) and benzotriazole (BTZ) offers excellent protection to mild steel exposed in acid atmosphere at elevated temperatures: Electrochemical, computational and surface studies

The synergistic interactions and corrosion protection properties of 2-amino 4-methyl benzothiazole, (AMBT) and 1, 2, 3-benzotriazole (BTZ) have been studied for mild steel in HCl at elevated temperatures. The extent of synergistic interaction increases with temperature. The methods of study include the conventional weight loss studies, computational screening, surface characterization and electrochemical studies. Quantum chemical approach was used to calculate some electronic properties of the molecules and to ascertain the synergistic interaction, inhibitive effect and molecular structures. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies and the global chemical reactivity relate to parameters like total energy, EHOMO, ELUMO and gap energy (ΔE). Condensed atom Fukui functions also calculated using DFT at B3LYP/6-31G* level, and were found to be correlating with the experimental results.

Synergistic effect of 1-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea and Tween-80 towards the corrosion mitigation of mild steel in HCl

The inhibition performance and synergistic inhibition effect of DMU with Tween-80 on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl was studied for the first time.

Synthesis of 2-aminofluorene bis-Schiff base and corrosion inhibition performance for carbon steel in HCl

Three new bis-Schiff bases, including bis(2-aminofluorene) glyoxal(L1), bis(2-aminofluorene) p-phthalaldehyde (L2) and bis(2-aminofluorene) 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde (L3), were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Weight loss methods indicated that all these inhibitors have good resistance to 1.0 mol·L−1 hydrochloric acid corrosion, and the highest inhibition efficiency was 98.2% at 65 °C for L3. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated that L3 exhibited excellent inhibition effect when concentration was 1.0 mmol·L−1. Moreover, the L3 was adsorbed spontaneously onto the surface by both physisorption and chemisorption, which followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The relationship between molecular structure and quantum chemical structure parameters of three bis-Schiff base corrosion inhibitors was studied by Quantum chemistry calculation performed by density function theory (DFT) method. Results showed that L3 had excellent inhibition performance, which was consistent with experimental results.

Electrochemical Studies on New Pyridazinium Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors of Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium

Two pyridazine derivatives “1-decylpyridazin-1-ium iodide” (DPI) and “1-tetradecylpyridazin-1-ium iodide” (TPI) were synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl (1 M) solution. In order to evaluate the anticorrosion activity of these compounds, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed at different concentrations and at various temperatures (303–333 K). The collected results showed that DPI and TPI reached a value of 86.7% and 88.6% at 10−3 M, respectively (303 K). The decrease of the double-layer capacitance for TPI became more remarkable with increase in temperature. The adsorption of both inhibitors on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. An inhibition efficiency of 97.6% was obtained at the optimum concentration (10−3 M) following an immersion period of 12 h. The quantum chemical calculations based on DFT method supported the experimentally obtained results.

Cover Picture: Materials and Corrosion. 10/2018

Cover:Golden nickel sulphide crystals have grown on a sample of Hastelloy C‐276 (59Ni 16Cr 15Mo 5Fe 4W 0.007C Co V), after a 240 h corrosion experiment in HCl, H2S, CO2, CO and H2 containing gas atmosphere, at 680 °C. The violet spots are chromium sulphide, which formed below the nickel sulphide and reached the surface. Contrary to the expectations, the crystals grew towards the gas flow. Hastelloy C‐276 was proposed to show only minor corrosion in various gas atmospheres at high temperatures. Interestingly enough, it showed poor resistance in this particular gas atmosphere at 680 °C and higher mass losses than for example an austenitic stainless steel.More detailed information can be found in: A. Schmid, G. Mori, R. Haubner, M. Weil, S. Hönig, Behaviour of S31400 and S32205 steels in HCl‐ and H2Scontaining gas atmospheres under a low oxygen partial pressure between 480 and 680 °C, Materials and Corrosion 2018, 69, 1328

Electrochemical and computational study of gum exudates from Canarium schweinfurthii as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution

ABSTRACTThe inhibition efficiency of the corrosion on mild steel in acid by Canarium schweinfurthii (CS) gum as inhibitor has been studied using chemical techniques (thermometric, gasometric, spectrophotometric and weight loss) and electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP)). Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of mild steel samples both in the presence and absence of inhibitors at optimum conditions. Results obtained indicated that CS inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in HCl. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration but decreases with increasing the temperature. CS behaved as mixed type inhibitor retarding both cathodic and anodic reaction with high inhibition efficiency. Gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) spectrum of CS gum showed the presence of Nonacosane; 1-piperoylp; Stearic acid, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, dihex-5-en-2-yl phthalate, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester,, 1-penta-decarecarboxylic and Oleic acid. Inhibition action of the gum gave a strong correlation with these phytochemicals in the gum. Phenomenon of physical adsorption was proposed for the inhibition and the process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with very high negative values of the free energy of adsorption (ΔGads). Both the chemical and electrochemical results are in good agreement with each other while the surface studies reveal the formation of a smooth, dense protective layer in the presence of inhibitor. Quantum chemical computations of parameters associated with the electronic structures of specific components of the gum supported their inhibiting potentials.

Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in HCl and H2SO4 Acids by Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazolium-2-Phenylamine Salts

Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in HCl and H2SO4 Acids by Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazolium-2-Phenylamine Salts

Red Algae Halopitys Incurvus Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

The inhibitor of corrosion effect of isopropanol extract of a red algae Halopitys incurvus (HIE) on carbon steel in HCl 1 M was studied by weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that this extract acted as an inhibitor in the acid medium. The inhibition efficiency increases with the increasing concentration. The maximal value of inhibition efficiency is 81.86% at 600 mg/l at 298 K. The polarization curves indicate that the HIE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. The charge transfer resistance increases on the other hand the double-layer capacity decreases with the increasing concentration of HIE. The temperature influence was studied in the range of 298–328 K, and the results obtained reveal the decrease of the inhibition efficiency with temperature. Both kinetic and thermodynamic parameter of adsorption allows us to suggest physical adsorption of this inhibitor on the metal. The adsorption of HIE extract on the carbon steel follows Langmuir isotherm adsorption.

The inhibition Activity of 1,10 - bis(2-formylphenyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecane (Ald ) and its Schiff base (L) on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in HCl: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

The inhibition Activity of 1,10 - bis(2-formylphenyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecane (Ald ) and its Schiff base (L) on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in HCl: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Potassium Iodide as a Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid: Kinetics and Mathematical Studies

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl was investigated in the absence and presence of potassium iodide (KI) as a corrosion inhibitor. The effects of temperature and inhibitor concentration were studied using weight loss technique. The result obtained shown that KI act as an inhibitor for mild steel in HCl and decreases the corrosion rate. The inhibition performance was found to increases with increase in inhibitor concentration and temperature. Higher inhibition efficiency was 94% at higher level of inhibitor concentration and temperature. The adsorption of KI on mild steel surface was found to fellow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of the free energy of adsorption were between − 20 and − 40 kJ/mol that is indication of mixed mode of physical and chemical adsorption. Mathematical models were also suggested to correlate the corrosion rate data with independent variables.

Behaviour of S31400 and S32205 steels in HCl‐ and H2S‐containing gas atmospheres under a low oxygen partial pressure between 480 and 680 °C

The effects of gaseous hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide on the high‐temperature corrosion of the austenitic SS. S31400 and the duplex steel S32205 were investigated in an atmosphere without molecular O2. The testing gas atmosphere consisted of 3.8 vol% HCl, 1.9 vol% CO2, 0.3 vol% CO, 2.8 vol% H2, 0.02 vol% H2S, bal. N2. It showed a similar composition, which is present in the thermal cracking of anthropogenic resources. Tests were performed between 480 and 680 °C for 1, 3 and 10 days. Mass loss measurements were done for all experiments. After the reaction times the samples showed non‐adherent and porous layers of corrosion products, which were investigated by SEM/EDX and XRD. Metallographic cross sections of the corroded samples were prepared by water‐free polishing to investigate the microstructure of the corrosion products. Both materials formed large chromium sulphide crystals on top of a chromium oxide layer and a chlorine‐containing layer beneath the oxide. The ferrite phase of the duplex steel is selectively attacked, while the austenite phase remained without severe corrosion. Steel S31400 showed a uniform corrosion.

Synergistic effect of mixing cationic and nonionic surfactants on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl: Experimental and theoretical investigations

We studied the inhibition performances of IMB (imidazoline quaternary salt (IM) and benzotriazole (BTAH)) and IMO (IM and octyl phenol ethoxylates (OP)) mixtures as inhibitors of L245 steel placed in 10 vol% HCl solution at 298 K using experimental methods and theoretical calculations. We found that the mixtures adsorb on the steel by an endothermic spontaneous process, and the adsorption model follows Langmuir isotherm. The mixtures exhibit good synergistic inhibition effect, and the inhibition efficiency enhanced in turn (IMB < IMO). The relationship between synergistic effect of organic inhibitors and their energetic position of molecular frontier orbitals was discussed.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies for Schiff base as best Corrosion inhibitor

In present work, hypothetical and experimental investigations of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution utilizing Schiff base namely 2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (DH), was done. The inhibition characteristics of DH for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was explored utilizing weight loss strategy. The outcome has demonstrated that the DH is an excellent inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in HCl. Inhibition efficiencies were 81%, 69% and 36% at 303K, 313K and 323K respectively, that mean the inhibition efficiency of the DH as corrosion inhibitor diminished as temperature expanded and expanded with expansion in concentration. The corrosion inhibition DH was synthesized and it structure was elucidate based on spectroscopic techniques.

Electrochemical and theoretical studies of the interactions of a pyridyl-based corrosion inhibitor with iron clusters (Fe15, Fe30, Fe45, and Fe60).

The capacity of 2,6-bis[((2-pyridylmethyl)oxy)methyl)]pyridine (BPMMP) to inhibit the corrosion of mild carbon steel in HCl was analyzed. In a polarization study, both the cathodic and anodic currents were appreciably decreased in the presence of BPMMP, suggesting that this ligand is effective at inhibiting corrosion at the metal surface. This conclusion is consistent with the results of impedance analysis, where only one time constant corresponding to one depressed capacitive loop was detected, and the diameter of the impedance plot was directly related to the concentration of BPMMP. Furthermore, when recurrence analysis was performed, a decrease in regular noise was observed due to the change of Shannon entropy when the inhibitor was present in the corrosive medium, showing that a high degree of recurrence increases the entropy of the system. Electrochemical data on some pyridyl-based inhibitors were collected from the literature and used to plot (i) I corr (A/cm2) vs. inhibition efficiency (η%) and (ii) ΔG°ads vs. inhibition efficiency (ƞ%) in order to examine the general relationships between these parameters. Furthermore, the interactions of the ligand BPMMP with different iron clusters (Fe15, Fe30, Fe45, and Fe60) were analyzed theoretically using density functional theory (DFT). The structural and electronic properties of BPMMP and its protonated form BPMMPH+ were studied before and after the interactions of BPMMP with the iron clusters. The first protonation was found to occur at pyridine nitrogen atom N1, resulting in a Gibbs free energy ΔG of -10.2kcal/mol, with an energy difference of 5.3kcal/mol between the two possible protonated conformers. Graphical abstract Recurrence and Noise signal performance of BPMMP as corrosion inhibitor.

Xanthiumstrumarium leaves extracts as a friendly corrosion inhibitor of low carbon steel in hydrochloric acid: Kinetics and mathematical studies

Corrosion inhibition of low carbon steel in 1 M HCl was investigated in absence and presence of Xanthiumstrumarium leaves (XSL) extracts as a friendly corrosion inhibitor. The effect of temperature and inhibitor concentration was studied using weight loss method. The result obtained shown that Xanthiumstrumarium leaves extracts act as an inhibitor for low carbon steel in HCl and reduces the corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency was found to increases with increase in inhibitor concentration and temperature. Higher inhibition efficiency was 94.82% at higher level of inhibitor concentration and temperature. The adsorption of Xanthiumstrumarium leaves extracts was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The values of the free energy of adsorption was more than −20 kJ/mol, which is indicative of mixed mode of physical and chemical adsorption.

The influence of temperature on the corrosion inhibition of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in HCl medium by gum arabic

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the influence of temperature (25-65°C) on the adsorption and the inhibition efficiency of gum arabic (GA) for the corrosion of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in 1M HCl.Design/methodology/approachInhibition behaviour on steel in HCl has been studied in relation to the concentration of the inhibitor and the temperature using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were calculated from the viewpoint of adsorption theory.FindingsThe results show that at a temperature range from 25 to 65°C, GA was a good inhibitor for API 5L X42 pipeline steel, and its inhibition efficiency was significantly stable. The maximum inhibition efficiency (93 per cent) is obtained at 4 g L−1. In absence and presence of GA, there is almost no change in the corrosion mechanism regardless of the temperature. The adsorption of GA on steel surface is an exothermic process. The adsorption of GA involves physical adsorption.Practical implicationsThe use of GA as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor is practical for carbon steel in HCl.Originality/valueThe stability of inhibition efficiency of GA at a temperature range from 25 to 65°C could find possible applications in acid pickling, industrial acid cleaning and acid descaling.