Steel Coupons Research Articles

Role of Indigenous Bacteria in Corrosion of Two Types of Carbon Steel.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in a water sample collected from a nuclear power plant and establish if the indigenous bacteria or the products of their metabolic activities could initiate the corrosion of two different types of carbon steel (i.e., A570, 1045). The aerobic (heterotrophic, iron-oxidizing) and anaerobic (sulfate-reducing) bacteria were detected in low numbers in the water sample. Three bacterial strains were isolated by the enrichment procedure from this sample. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the isolated bacteria were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IBBCn1 (MT893712), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IBBCn2 (MT893713), and Bacillus thuringiensis IBBCn3 (MT893714). The bacteria existing in the water sample were able to initiate the corrosion of carbon steel A570 and 1045. The sulfate-reducing bacteria were detected in higher numbers than the heterotrophic bacteria and iron-oxidizing bacteria at the end of the biocorrosion experiments. The carbon steel coupons revealed macroscopic and microscopic changes in the surface characteristics, and these changes could be due to biofilm formation on their surfaces and the accumulation of the corrosion products. The corrosion rate varied from one type of carbon steel to another, depending on the incubation conditions and the chemical composition of the coupons.

Safranine-O Incorporated in F127 Nanocarriers Reduces the Contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in Sheep’s Milk

Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus uses antibiotics as conventional treatment, a practice that has led to bacterial resistance. Therefore, the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (PDIM), has the advantage of inactivating pathogens without leading to the selection of resistant microorganisms. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the photosensitizer (PS) Safranine-O (Sf), incorporated in the nanocarrier Pluronic® F127 against strains of S. aureus isolated from sheep milk. The reduction of contamination in experimentally contaminated milk and Muller Hilton Broth (MHB), the formation of microbial biofilm, and its effect as post dipping in the decrease of total mesophilic aerobic and Staphylococcal counts in milk were evaluated. Three strains of S. aureus (SO1, SO3, SO4) and a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) strain (SO2) were identified through the nuc and coa genes and all were sensitive to PDIM. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 1.18 to 18.75 mg/mL in the different isolates. The SO4 strain was resistant to Ampicillin and Trimetropim. When the microorganisms were cultivated in milk and MHB, there was a reduction in staph counts by 97.33% and 99.63%, respectively. In stainless steel coupons, photoinactivation reduced S. aureus adhesion by up to 45.92% (milk) and 99.5% (MHB) (p<0.05). The photoactivated Sf was similar to commercial lactic acid when applied as a dipping powder. These results showed that Sf mediated PDIM effectively inactivated pathogens that cause mastitis and reduced milk contamination.

Comparative Studies Of Corrosion Inhibition Of Methanol Extract Of SennaOccidentalisOn Mild Steel In Sulphuric And Hydrochloric Acids

The study of corrosion inhibition of sennaoccidentalismethanol extract on mild steel in 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M HCl and H2SO4was carried out by adsorption isotherm studies using gravimetric method. The corrosion rate of mild steel coupon in the plant extract was found to decrease with immersion time (2-6 hours) and with increase in concentration of inhibitor (400ppm-800ppm). The result further showed an increase in inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor up to 313k indicating an adsorption of extracts on the mild steel surface. The adsorption on mild steel was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

SEISMIC RETROFITTING METHOD FOR STEEL STRUCTURES BY KNEE BRACES JOINTED BY HIGH HARDNESS VISES

The authors have developed a new method of seismic retrofit for steel structures by adding knee braces which is jointed to the existing structures by vises with screw bolts made of high hardness metal. The slipping strength of the connection had been studied through axial tensile test of steel coupons jointed by the vises. The features of the connection by the vise are easy setup and providing the strength as much as by the normal bolts joint. An experimental study had been conducted for the specimens of steel frames retrofitted by knee braces. The knee brace was jointed to the steel frames by the vises. Two types of failure modes were investigated. One was slipping behavior at the connection and the other was bucking behavior at the knee braces. The strengths of the specimens were estimated by the simple calculations for the two types of failure modes.

Mechanical properties of Q235∼Q460 mild steels at low temperatures

Mechanical properties of mild steels (MSs) at varying temperatures are fundamental to structural design and numerical analysis. This paper studied mechanical properties of Q235∼Q460 mild steels used for the cold-region infrastructures and LNG tanks. To investigate the mechanical properties of mild steels at low temperatures, standard tensile tests on 12 Q235, 16 Q355 and 12 Q460 mild steel coupons in a cooling chamber were carried out at low temperatures of 20 ∼ -165℃. Test results showed that the yield and ultimate strength of mild steels increased with the decreasing temperatures. In addition, the ductility of MS was not compromised, and ductile failure occurred to MS at low temperatures. Furthermore, prediction equations on mechanical properties of MS at low temperatures were established by regression analyses. Finally, based on the predicted mechanical indexes, two- and three-stage constitutive models were proposed to describe the true stress–strain laws of Q355, Q460 and Q235 mild steels at 20 ∼ -165℃, respectively. Validations showed that the proposed constitutive model reasonably estimated the stress–strain behaviours of Q235 ∼ Q460 mild steels at low temperatures.

Analysis of the Corrosion Process with the Application of the Novel Type of Coupon Installation

The corrosion process leads to high power consumption, high maintenance costs and the loss of commercial income during downtime in various branches of industry. The proper methods to measure and forecast the corrosion process would help intervene in process production where corrosion is a common phenomenon. Therefore, the main aim of this experimental study is to improve the widely used corrosion monitoring methods with corrosion coupons. As part of this work, the installation for testing corrosion process under controlled conditions and with the application of mild steel coupons is proposed. The measurement concept is to install the coupons in a stream with the corrosion liquid (these conditions should be controlled). The numerical simulations of the fluid flow in the coupon installation were carried out, and the obtained results in the form of a velocity map allowed us to propose the placement of the coupons in the tested installation in such a way that the flowing liquid evenly washed the coupon surface. The developed coupon installation was tested for aggressive corrosive conditions, which were assessed using the water stability indices (Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar stability index). Moreover, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis characterised the liquid samples from the tested coupon installation. The corrosion process for the applied conditions was defined based on the corrosion rate of the tested coupons. This process was also confirmed by obtaining the Raman spectrum for the used corrosion coupons. The obtained investigation contributes significantly by developing the novel coupon installation and demonstrating the procedure for testing the corrosion process with the application of coupons. This setup and method might be successfully applied for accelerated laboratory tests.

Microbubbles Remove Listeria monocytogenes from the Surface of Stainless Steel, Cucumber, and Avocado.

Fresh produce may be contaminated by bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, during harvesting, packaging, or transporting. A low-intensity cavitation process with air being injected into water was studied to determine the microbubbles' efficiency when detaching L. monocytogenes from stainless steel and the surface of fresh cucumber and avocado. Stainless steel coupons (1″ × 2″), cucumber, and avocado surfaces were inoculated with L. monocytogenes (LCDC strain). After 1, 24 or 48 h, loosely attached cells were washed off, and inoculated areas were targeted by microbubbles (~0.1-0.5 mm dia.) through a bubble diffuser (1.0 L air/min) for 1, 2, 5, or 10 min. For steel, L. monocytogenes (48 h drying) detachment peaked at 2.95 mean log reduction after 10 min of microbubbles when compared to a no-bubble treatment. After 48 h pathogen drying, cucumbers treated for 10 min showed a 1.78 mean log reduction of L. monocytogenes. For avocados, L. monocytogenes (24 h drying) detachment peaked at 1.65 log reduction after 10 min of microbubbles. Microbubble applications may be an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly way to remove L. monocytogenes, and possibly other bacterial pathogens, from food contact surfaces and the surfaces of whole, intact fresh produce.

Characterization of steel lined with multilayer micro/nano-polymeric composites

This work studied comparison of the mechanical and barrier resistance properties between different structures of three multilayers polymeric coating on each side of the steel coupons. Epoxy filled with 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt% micron or nano-sized alumina (Al2O3) particles represented the coating layers to steel on both sides. Barrier resistance was performed by immersing the coated steel specimens in salt solution and in a citric acid medium. Adding alumina (Al2O3) particles in micron and nano size to epoxy coatings improved the barrier resistance, tensile, and hardness under dry and wet conditions as compared to pure epoxy coating. Further increases in Al2O3 micro/nanoparticles cause deterioration in tensile strength and barrier resistance. The steel lined with epoxy filled with 1 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles has a maximum tensile strength of 299.5 MPa and 280.9 MPa under dry and wet conditions, respectively. However, the steel lined with epoxy filled with 1 wt% Al2O3 microparticles has a tensile strength of 296.5 MPa and 275.4 MPa under dry and wet conditions, respectively. Good properties were observed with stepwise graded micro/nanocomposite coatings. The steel lined with epoxy filled with 3 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles has maximum hardness of 46 HV and 40 HV under dry and wet conditions, respectively.

Biofilm formation, sodium hypochlorite susceptibility and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine oriented pathogen; and biofilm formation enables its survival and persistence on seafood processing plant, complicating the hygienic practice. The objectives of this study are to assess the ability of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood related environments to form biofilms, to determine the effective sodium hypochlorite concentrations required to inactivate planktonic and biofilm cells, and to evaluate the genetic diversity required for strong biofilm formation. Among nine isolates, PFR30J09 and PFR34B02 isolates were identified as strong biofilm forming strains, with biofilm cell counts of 7.20, 7.08 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively, on stainless steel coupons after incubation at 25 °C. Free available chlorine of 1176 mg/L and 4704 mg/L was required to eliminate biofilm cells of 1.74–2.28 log10 CFU/cm2 and > 7 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively, whereas 63 mg/L for planktonic cells, indicating the ineffectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in eliminating V. parahaemolyticus biofilm cells at recommended concentration in the food industry. These strong biofilm-forming isolates produced more polysaccharides and were less susceptible to sodium hypochlorite, implying a possible correlation between polysaccharide production and sodium hypochlorite susceptibility. Genetic diversity in mshA, mshC and mshD contributed to the observed variation in biofilm formation between isolates. This study identified strong biofilm-forming V. parahaemolyticus strains of new multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types, showed a relationship between polysaccharide production and sodium hypochlorite resistance.

Comprehensive oxidative process for the removal of antimony from the surfaces of nuclear reactor coolant systems

An oxidative process using hydrogen peroxide for the dissolution of metallic antimony, stripping of the dissolved antimony ions, and the compatibility of the oxidative process with the structural materials present in the coolant systems of nuclear reactors have been investigated. This process has direct application for the removal of antimony activity and thereby reducing the radiation exposure hazard to the operating personnel. The rate of dissolution of metallic antimony increased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The re-deposition of dissolved antimony on the oxide coated carbon steel coupons was ≤0.02 mg/cm2. Three substrates investigated, namely, strong base anion exchange resin and two chitosan-TiO2 based substrates, for the removal of dissolved antimony were equally efficient. The process could dissolve antimony without any significant re-deposition on the oxide coated carbon steel surface and could dissolve antimony incorporated in the oxide film of zircaloy. Corrosion compatibility of relevant alloys, namely, carbon steel, incoloy-800, Zr2·5Nb and monel-400, at pH 10.2 and 9.0, showed that only monel-400 underwent pitting type of attack at pH 10.2.

Experimental cyclic behaviour and constitutive modelling of hot-rolled titanium-clad bimetallic steel

Titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel exhibits distinct application potential in coastal building and ocean civil and infrastructure engineering due to its promising corrosion resistance and load-bearing capacity. However, understanding on seismic performance and relevant design methodology of TC bimetallic steel structure is still limited and insufficient to support further engineering application in seismic zones. This paper is intended to clarify the experimental cyclic behaviour and suitable constitutive models of hot-rolled TC bimetallic steel. To this end, a total of 19 cyclic coupon tests are conducted on TC bimetallic steel coupons with the raw surface and polished surface. The important mechanical properties, including the hysteretic stress–strain relationship, cyclic backbones, evolutionary law with regard to the cumulative plastic strain, are thoroughly recorded and compared. The cyclic backbones are fitted through the Ramberg-Osgood model. The influences of cyclic loading protocol type on cyclic behaviour are discussed. Based upon the experimental results, material-dependent parameters of Chaboche isotropic/kinematic hardening model and Giuffre-Menegotto-Pinto constitutive model are calibrated. The fitting performances of such two constitutive models are validated through comparison between experimental results and simulation results. All simulation stress–strain relations show a favourable agreement with the experimental counterparts. The relative errors between most simulation peak stress values and experimental peak stress values are lower than 5.0%. Moreover, the cyclic behaviour of TC bimetallic steel is compared with that of mild structural steels and stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steel. The experimental results revealed herein and constitutive models calibrated in this paper can lay a solid foundation on subsequent numerical simulation.

Growth Kinetics of Calcareous Deposits on Thermally Sprayed Aluminum Coatings in Natural Seawater

The formation of calcareous deposits on thermally sprayed aluminum (TSA)-coated surfaces immersed in natural seawater and connected to a cathodic protection system is a recurring issue. There is at present limited knowledge on the calcareous deposits’ formation kinetics on TSA in natural seawater following prolonged exposure at different temperatures. In this study, bare 25Cr super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) and TSA-coated SDSS tube coupons (with and without a silicone-based sealer) were exposed to natural seawater under potentiostatic cathodic protection (CP) and open-circuit potential (OCP) conditions at different temperatures (i.e., 20°C, 35°C, 60°C, and 80°C) for 1.5 y. The coupons were extracted at various intervals to construct growth kinetics curves under various test conditions. The deposits were subsequently examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. For all of the specimens, the deposits on the exposed surfaces increased with exposure time. Fewer deposits were seen under CP conditions than OCP at low temperatures (20°C and 35°C), whereas more deposits were observed with CP than those at OCP at high temperatures (60°C and 80°C). Last, a recommended protection potential of −0.90 VSSC (VAg/AgCl) and cathodic current density values of −8 mA/m2 and −15 mA/m2 were obtained based on the findings of this study.

Poly Acrylic-Chitosan Co-Polymer as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 0.5 M Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Corrosion prevention has been one of the major concerns these days various methods have been adopted for corrosion prevention. However, the use of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be the easiest and cheapest method for corrosion prevention. But then most of the conventional inhibitors are expensive and toxic. Therefore the recent focus has been turned to developing non-toxic and cheap corrosion inhibitors. To achieve that a Polyacrylic acid was successfully grafted on chitosan by the thermal method using a reflux condenser. This copolymer was characterized by FTIR, TGA, and XPS. The corrosion inhibition performance of the grafted polymer was tested on mild steel in 0.5 M HCl under different conditions by gravimetric method. Mild steel coupon was analyzed using SEM to understand the effect of the inhibitor on the mild steel corrosion. The results were subjected to various adsorption isotherm models to understand the corrosion mechanism. The weight loss results show high inhibition efficiency of 86.50432 % for 24 hrs. Immersion time at 300 °C conditions. Data best fitted with Langmuir adsorption model with a good correlation coefficient of 0.9933.

Characterization of robotized CMT-WAAM carbon steel

This paper analyses the microstructural and mechanical properties of carbon steel coupons produced by CMT-WAAM. The strategy adopted in the fabrication of the test specimens using a robotised facility is explained. Then, the results of the mechanical characterization performed using as-built and machined samples, extracted in several directions (0°, 45°, 90°) relative to the material deposition trajectory, are analysed. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths were determined by performing tensile tests and the Young's modulus was determined using ultra-micro hardness measurements. A deep microstructural characterization was also performed by optical microscopy for establishing a direct relationship between the manufacturing procedures and the registered mechanical properties. The failure micro-mechanisms associated with the building orientation and the surface condition was also examined by scanning electron microscopy. It was found out that the additive manufactured material has isotropic tensile properties, which result from the formation of an annealed microstructure upon cooling from the successive CMT-WAAM thermal cycles. The machined specimens exhibit higher strength and ductility than the as-built ones. The fracture surfaces of both machined and as-built coupons showed ductile failure. The results of the uniaxial tensile tests indicate that the machined and as-built WAAM steel walls satisfy the requirements of a structural steel grade as specified by Eurocode 3.

Isatin Schiff base is an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution: gravimetrical, electrochemical, and computational investigation

This paper describes the synthesis and characterisation of an isatin Schiff base, namely 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (OHB). The chemical structure of OHB was elucidated through proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic techniques. OHB was evaluated for its corrosion inhibition ability on mild steel specimens in 1 M HCl using gravimetrical methods and electrochemical measurements such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic techniques complemented with microscopic analysis. The results indicated that OHB is a mixed-type inhibitor and showed good corrosion inhibition, with a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.7% at a concentration of 0.5 mM and 303 K. The inhibition performance increased with an increasing OHB concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. The inhibition efficiency was attributed to the formation of a protective film on the surface of the tested mild steel coupon. The electrochemical impedance studies also indicated that the charge transfer resistance increased with an increase in OHB concentration. The morphological analysis confirmed the inhibition performance of OHB and the protective barrier film conformed to Langmuir monolayer adsorption. The experimental and theoretical corrosion kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were in agreement and revealed that an adsorption film of Fe–N coordination bonds formed on the mild steel surface.

Study of the Role of Titanium and Iron Cathodic Cages on Plasma-Nitrided AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel.

In contrast to austenitic and martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels have a lower hardness and wear resistance but exhibit excellent corrosion resistance. Due to this fact, their use in the aerospace, automobile, and house construction industries is restricted. Several methods have been utilized to enhance the tribological characteristics of ferritic stainless steels. In this work, titanium nitride coating has been carried out by using a cathodic cage of titanium material, and later on, the titanium cathodic cage is replaced by an AISI-304 cathodic cage in a CCPN chamber to form iron nitride coating on AISI-430 ferritic stainless steel coupons through a plasma nitriding process for 4 h at a fixed temperature of 400 °C. The microstructures and mechanical traits of all processed and control coupons were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ball-on-disc wear tester, and microhardness tester techniques. The results showed that hardness increased up to 1489 HV with the titanium cage, which is much higher than the hardness of the base material (270 HV). The titanium cage-treated coupons have high layer thickness, smooth surface morphology, and a minimum crystallite size of 2.2 nm. The wear rate was reduced up to 50% over the base material after the titanium cage plasma treatment. The base coupon exhibited severe abrasive wear, whereas nitrided coupons exhibited dominant adhesive wear. In the iron nitride coatings, this effect is also important, owing to the more influential cleaning process in a glow discharge, and the better adhesion with enhanced interlayer thickness is attributed to the fact that the compliance of the interlayer minimizes shear stresses at the coating–substrate interface. The use of a graded interface improves adhesion compared with the case where no interlayer is used but a titanium interlayer of comparable thickness provides a significant increase in measured adhesion. For both titanium and iron nitride films, there is a reduction in wear volume which is a function of interlayer thickness; this will have a substantial effect on wear lifetime. Thus by careful control of the interlayer thickness and composition, it should be possible to improve coating performance in tribological applications.

Standoff Interaction Assessment Using High-Energy Laser-Induced Oxidation Spectroscopy.

In light of the widespread use of high-energy lasers (HELs) for a variety of purposes, for example, standoff (>100 m) applications, will require the ability to monitor in real time the interaction with processed materials. While multiple sensing methods have been successfully developed for industrial HEL systems operating at close range, they are not compatible with the unique requirements of long-distance applications. Here, high-energy laser-induced oxidation spectroscopy (HELIOS) is demonstrated on carbon steel coupons as an efficient standoff assessment method compatible with long distance HEL applications. Acute monitoring of spectral features from thermally excited iron atoms and oxides, corroborated with real-time temperature measurements, reveals the interaction mechanisms at play.

Prompt gamma activation analysis as a means for quantitative, non-destructive, non-invasive measurement of mercury in steel from oil and gas operations

Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGAA or PGNAA) is a non-destructive elemental analysis method potentially applicable for the non-invasive measurement of wall-bound mercury (Hg) deposited at trace levels on the process wetted surface of steel pipe and vessels in oil and gas production and processing. Total wall-bound mercury, on 17 mercury-impacted steel coupon samples was measured by two non-destructive methods: PGAA and XRF (X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy). Following the non-destructive measurement methods, the samples were digested and analyzed by an Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy method based on the principles of EPA 1631 method (Acid Digest-AFS), generally considered state of the art for accurate mercury in steel measurements. PGAA and XRF results were compared to those from the modified EPA 1631 method. Comparative analysis of the results indicated that the PGAA measurements exhibited a trend relatively like that of the acid digest-AFS method measurements. Measurement accuracy, as determined by comparison to a “standard method” (Modified EPA 1631) was not yet adequate for quantitative measurement. However, the consistency in the tracking of the PGAA results with results from the “standard method” along with derivation of a self-attenuation correction factor suggests the potential for improved accuracy and correlation. Details of the intercomparison are provided herein.

Influence of swirl number and incidence angle on erosion-corrosion behavior of API 5L X-52 steel under swirling jets

The effect of swirl velocity on erosion-corrosion damage was studied into the context of pipeline elbows and bends transporting slurries, focusing on swirl number and incidence angle. Tests were conducted on API X-52 steel coupons as target material and carried out at 5 m/s and four different swirling numbers 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. The corrosive slurry consisted of a brine solution with 2 g L−1 of NaCl and suspended aluminum oxide particles. The impinging angles employed were 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. Corrosion rates were obtained from LPR measurements. Pitting corrosion and corrosion products were characterized by means of SEM/EDS techniques. The experimental results showed that the swirl intensity enhances the pit growing, and the angle of incidence is not a relevant factor on pitting corrosion behavior. The maximum corrosion rate was observed at high swirl intensities, making clear the severity of swirl conditions.

Evaluating dry vs. wet disinfection in boot baths on detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus RNA.

Maintaining biosecurity between swine barns is challenging, and boot baths are an easily implementable option some utilize to limit pathogen spread. However, there are concerns regarding their efficacy, especially when comparing wet or dry disinfectants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of boot baths in reducing the quantity of detectable porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genetic material using wet or dry disinfectants. Treatments included 1) control, 2) dry chlorine powder (Traffic C.O.P., PSP, LLC, Rainsville, AL), and 3) wet quaternary ammonium/glutaraldehyde liquid (1:256 Synergize, Neogen, Lexington, KY). Prior to disinfection, rubber boots were inoculated with 1 mL of a co-inoculants of PRRSV (1 × 105 TCID50 per mL) and PEDV (1 × 105 TCID50 per mL) and dried for 15 min. After the drying period, a researcher placed the boot on the right foot and stepped directly on a stainless steel coupon (control). Alternatively, the researcher stepped first into a boot bath containing either the wet or dry sanitizer, stood for 3 s, and then stepped onto a steel coupon. After one minute, an environmental swab was then collected and processed from each boot and steel coupon. The procedure was replicated 12 times per disinfectant treatment. Samples were analyzed using a duplex qPCR at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Cycle threshold values were analyzed using SAS GLIMMIX v 9.4 (SAS, Inc., Cary, NC). There was no evidence of a disinfectant × surface × virus interaction (P > 0.10). An interaction between disinfectant × surface impacted (P < 0.05) the quantity of detectable viral RNA. As expected, the quantity of the viruses on the coupon was greatest in the control, indicating that a contaminated boot has the ability to transfer viruses from a contaminated surface to a clean surface. Comparatively, the dry disinfectant treatment resulted in no detectable viral RNA on either the boot or subsequent coupon. The wet disinfectant treatment had statistically similar (P > 0.05) viral contamination to the control on the boot, but less viral contamination compared to the control on the metal coupon. In this experiment, a boot bath with dry powder was the most efficacious in reducing the detectable viral RNA on both boots and subsequent surfaces.