Corrosion Of Steel In HCl Research Articles

Carbon steel corrosion in HCl in the presence of aqueous extract of Melissa Officinalis

Carbon steel corrosion in HCl in the presence of aqueous extract of Melissa Officinalis

Corrosion inhibition properties of schiff base derivative against mild steel in HCl environment complemented with DFT investigations

There is growing interest in using corrosion inhibitors and protective treatments to limit the degradation of mild steel, leading to the development of numerous Schiff bases as cutting-edge inhibitors. In this study, the effectiveness of a Schiff base, 3-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)indolin-2-one (MTIO), to prevent mild steel corrosion in HCl was investigated using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, and surface characterization. The experimental results showed that 0.5 mM MTIO exhibited a satisfactory inhibitor efficiency of 96.9% at 303 K. The MTIO molecules physically and chemically adsorbed onto the mild steel surface following the Langmuir model, forming a compact protective film attributed to the presence of a thiazole ring in the MTIO structure. Theoretical calculations were combined with experimental techniques to investigate the anticorrosion performance and mechanism of inhibition.

Inhibicija korozije mekog čelika ekstraktom papaje i nima

This study examined earlier research on using papaya and neem extracts as inhibitors to minimize the corrosion of mild steel in a variety of corrosive situations. The potential inhibitory characteristics of plant extracts to potentially replace the hitherto used, well-known inhibitors that are harmful to the people handling them as well as the environment, inspired several scholars to conduct corrosion inhibition tests on metals using plant extracts. The findings of earlier research demonstrated that the maximal inhibitory efficiency provided by neem leaf extract to prevent the degradation of carbon steel in a hydrochloric acid (1 M) medium was 97%, while 86% was observed for the protection in H2SO4 (1 M) solution. The extract from Carica papaya leaves was shown to have up to 83% maximum inhibitory efficacy for preventing mild steel corrosion in HCl (1 M). It has been revealed that when extract concentration increased, the rate of steel corrosion reduced. Additionally, papaya leaves' corrosion-inhibiting mechanism was said to occur mostly in the cathodic area. Both plant-leaf extracts (Papaya and Neem) have been reported to have adsorption qualities that, for the most part, agreed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

Effect of selected 3-chloromethylcoumarin derivatives on mild steel corrosion in acidic medium: experimental and computational studies

Two 3-chloromethylcoumarins synthesized via the Baylis-Hillman reaction have been investigated for their ability to inhibit corrosion of mild steel in 2.0 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency was evaluated by gravimetric and electrochemical methods. Inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in concentration of the 3-chloromethylcoumarins. Kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption equilibrium of the corrosion of steel in the acid and acid-containing 3-chloromethylcoumarins media were investigated. The results showed that the inhibitive actions of the compounds occurred as a result of adsorption of 3-chloromethylcoumarins molecules on mild steel surface. 3-Chloromethyl-8-ethoxycoumarin 4a showed higher inhibition efficiencies than 6-chloro-3-chloromethylcoumarin 4b, especially at low concentrations and temperatures. Physical adsorption was predicted based on decreasing surface coverage of the inhibitor molecules with increase in temperature. The studied 3-chloromethylcoumarins behaved as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 2 M HCl. The higher electron-donating ability and lower energy gap of 4a compared to 4b, as derived from computational studies suggest that 4a has higher potentials to inhibit steel corrosion in HCl than 4b. Similar trend was reflected in the Monte Carlo simulations adsorption energies.

Effectiveness of Some Novel Ionic Liquids on Mild Steel Corrosion Protection in Acidic Environment: Experimental and Theoretical Inspections.

Three ionic liquids (ILs)—1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium Imidazolate (BMPyrIM), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Imidazolate (BMImIM), and bis(1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Imidazolate) (BBMImIM)—were synthesized and examined experimentally and theoretically as potential inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in HCl (1.0 M) solution. To our knowledge, two of the ILs successfully synthesized in our laboratory named BMPyrIM and BBMImIM are novel. Different electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)), surface and structural (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)) and theoretical (Density functional theory (DFT)) techniques were utilized to confirm their use as efficient environmentally safe inhibitors. These ionic liquids were designed to study the cation effect (imidazolium and pyrrolidinium) and the dimeric effect of the imidazolium-based IL. A pronounced inhibiting effect was recorded using the optimum concentration (5 × 10−3 M) of BBMImIM with protection efficiency of 98.6% compared to 94.3% and 92.4% for BMImIM and BMPyrIM, respectively. The investigated ILs act as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitors and their protection obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results obtained by SEM, EDS and AFM confirmed the mild steel protection by the formation of protective film of the ILs on the steel surface resulted in less damaged surfaces compared with the blank solution. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations illustrated the electronic structure of the investigated ILs and their optimized adsorptiοn configurations on mild steel surface. The findings from the different techniques helped to provide a supported interpretation of the inhibition mechanism.

Exploitation of a new green inhibitor against mild steel corrosion in HCl: Experimental, DFT and MD simulation approach

Origanum Compactum Benth Aqueous extract (OCAqE) have been analysed and investigated as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid solution (1 M HCl). The analysis of Origanum Compactum Benth Aqueous extract was performed using HPLC-UV-ELSD-MS. Electrochemical techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and mass loss were performed and showed that OCAqE is mixed type inhibitor and acts by adsorption on metal surface. OCAqE showed good inhibition efficiency of 92% at a concentration of 0.4 g/L. The adsorption mode of OCAqE on mild steel surface follow Langmuir isotherm. Surface analysis (SEM) of mild steel specimen has shown the decrease in surface deterioration after addition of OCAqE inhibitor to the HCl solution. Density functional theory (DFT) and Molecular dynamics (MD) have been introduced in order to carry out a more rigorous theoretical treatment of the inhibitive performance. The comparative study based on the low-energy electronic structures shown that the trend of inhibition potentials of the major compound of this extract depend on the effect of molecular structure on the electron donating/accepting ability.

Evaluating the corrosion inhibition properties of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleosides and their synergistic effect with iodide ions against mild steel corrosion in HCl: A combined experimental and computational exploration

The search for new effective and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors seems to be a never-ending task for practical applications. Herein, the principal objective of this work is to investigate the corrosion inhibition effect of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleosides namely, 2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(3-((1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl diacetate (TBAc) and 2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(3-((1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl diacetate (TNAc) for mild steel (MS) in HCl solution. Different amounts of TBAc and TNAc inhibitors were prepared in 1.0 mol/L HCl medium, and their inhibition effect was investigated via electrochemical measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), quantum chemical calculations (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Further, we have examined the effect of iodide ions on inhibition efficiency, and the obtained data were compared and discussed. Results showed that these green compounds exhibited high inhibition performances thanks to their excellent molecular and electronic properties. They indicated that TNAc and TBAc showed high corrosion inhibition efficiencies at 5x10-3 mol/L with 0.1 mmol/L of KI. The inhibition efficiency of TNAc and TBAc reached 85% and 79% at 5x10-3 mol/L, while it improved to 94% and 91% in the presence of KI, respectively. Electrochemical tests revealed that the studied molecules acted as mixed-type inhibitors and they had a significant effect on the polarization resistance of mild steel.Moreover, the surface morphology analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XPS. Besides, a systematic understanding of how these molecules are adsorbed on steel surface was theoretically investigated. Taken together, experimental and theoretical results suggested a significant role of molecular properties of studied derivatives along with intermediate species in promoting their adsorption behavior. A consistent association was found between electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations.

Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in HCl using aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Crotalaria Pallida – A combination of experimental, simulation and theoretical studies

The viability of using the leaves of Crotalaria Pallida, a well-known medicinal plant, as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl media has been studied and the results are summarized in this paper. Methods including weight loss monitoring, electrochemical impedance analysis, polarisation techniques, have been used and the mechanism of action was further investigated using Biovia material studio software. The theoretical background of the inhibitor and the probable methods of interaction were carried out using Gaussian 09 packages. Ethanol extract are rich in fatty acids which are absent in the water extracts; makes them more anticorrosive. The presence of fatty acids was confirmed using spectral analysis. Linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acids are the major fatty acids in the alcohol extract. The 4 (V/V %) alcohol extract has 95% efficiency while the same volume percentage of water extract has only 87% efficiency. The efficiency decreases with an increase in acid concentration and temperature, suggesting the physisorption of plant constituents on the metal surface. The AFM and XPS results support the protection of mild steel by the adsorption of constituent phytochemicals in the leaves extract. Adsorption of these phytochemicals follows Langmuir unimolecular model. The polarisation technique confirms the mixed type behaviour of the active species of the extract. Inhibition efficiency is more for linoleic acid than the others which are confirmed by both DFT and material studio calculations.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of inhibition behavior of 2-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)benzenethiol for carbon steel in HCl solution

2-((4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene)amino)benzenethiol (DBB) compound has been synthesized and tested for prevention of carbon steel corrosion in HCl at different temperatures. The research was carried out using electrochemical and microscopic techniques. Extended tests were conducted at 25 °C while short-term tests were performed at 25 °C and 55 °C. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing temperature and increasing immersion time. Temperature rise changed the inhibitor's adsorption character. Activation parameters Ea, ΔHa* and ΔSa* were evaluated and discussed. Inhibition properties of DBB was investigated by quantum chemical calculation at wB97XD/6-311+G(d) level in water in a bid to predict DBB interaction with metal.

Experimental and computational study for X-65 steel corrosion mitigation effect of a synthesized cationic surfactant in 1 M HCl.

New cationic surfactant, named as N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N, N-dimethyldodecan-1-aminium bromide (DPC12), was prepared, followed by characterization using FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopic techniques. DPC12 performance evaluated by several electrochemical analyses, including potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance methods, confirmed the inhibition proprieties of the prepared cationic surfactant. Tafel curves presented that the prepared DPC12 served as a corrosion inhibitor with mixed-type. Inhibition efficiency is directly proportional to cationic surfactant concentration. By increasing concentration, efficiency increases until reaching 72.27% at 10-4M. DPC12 inhibition action was due to its adsorption over X65 surface and followed Langmuir isotherm model having chemisorption adsorption mode as provided by values of standard free energy (ΔG°ads).cationic adsorption affinity over X-65 steel corrosion in HCl (1 M) was proved via surface morphology studies with SEM analyses. Finally, the quantum chemical calculations supported the experimental findings with Materials Studio software 6.0 using density function (DFT) theory and monte carlo molecular simulation technique (MC).

Adsorption and inhibition mechanism of (Z)-4-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione on carbon steel corrosion in HCl: Experimental and theoretical insights

Although the number of reported corrosion inhibitors has increased steeply in recent years, global corrosion damages raised the need for highly effective, new promising compounds for corrosion protection of metals and their alloys. Herein, chemical and electrochemical testing methods like weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) measurements were applied to evaluate the inhibition performance and adsorption mechanism of (Z)-4-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (2C) against carbon steel (CS) corrosion 1.0 M HCl. Together, electrochemical results and morphological evidence from scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated that, in the presence of 2C, the inhibition efficiency reaches a maximum of 86% at 10−3, forming a compact protective layer on CS surface. On the other hand, corrosion inhibition decreases a little with the rise of the temperature. The investigated compound was classified as a mixed class inhibitor, affecting both anodic and cathodic reactions, while its adsorption followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum chemical calculations were used to give further insights into the inhibiting action of 2C and to explain its mechanism of action. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals an enhanced surface morphology of carbon steel after the addition of the tested compound to the electrolyte.

Synergy between Experimental and Theoretical Investigations Reveals the Anti‑Corrosion Efficiency of Imine-Chalcones

The inhibitory action of three imine-chalcones on carbon steel corrosion in HCl was investigated by theoretical and experimental methods. Quantum descriptors were calculated at the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM)-Becke-3 Parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)‑D3/def2-TZVPP level allowing the prediction of efficiency inhibition ranking. Electrochemical techniques and mass loss experiments were employed to determine inhibition efficiencies and related experimental parameters. Scanning electron microscopy was employed for metal surface analysis. The N-[(1Z,2E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-in-1-ylidene]-1-phenethylamine (IM‑F) was pointed out as the most efficient inhibitor in this group, with 96% of corrosion inhibition. Moreover, theoretical results obtained from periodic calculations for the adsorption on the Fe(110) surface corroborated the highest efficacy of IM‑F.

Evaluation of inhibitive and adsorption behavior of thiazole-4-carboxylates on mild steel corrosion in HCl

The present work describes the corrosion inhibiting properties of three synthesized thiazole-4-carboxylates namely, methyl (E)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(((E)-4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazono)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylate (T1), methyl (E)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(((E)-4-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazono)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylate (T2) and methyl (E)-2-(((E)-4-chlorobenzylidene)hydrazono)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylate (T3) towards corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 1.0 mol/L HCl. Various techniques like electrochemical measurements, SEM-EDX analysis, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to probe the effects of substituent groups on inhibition performances of investigated compounds. EIS studies indicated the adsorbed protective film’s construction on the steel/electrolyte interface by tested molecules; its existence was affirmed by SEM-EDX analysis. Polarization studies revealed a mixed-type of corrosion inhibition activity. Their mode of adsorption was studied by using isotherm models, and the best match was found just in case of Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Electrochemical results showed that the polarization resistance was greatly increased, from an initial value for the MS (in 1.0 mol/L HCl) of 20.24 up to 256.7 Ω cm2 for the inhibited solution (1.0 mol/L HCl with 5 × 10−4 mol/L of T3). Tested compounds behaved as effective inhibitors for MS corrosion in HCl at all concentrations with better efficacy at an optimal concentration of 5 × 10−4 mol/L. Among all the tested inhibitors, T3 exhibited the most effective performance with an inhibition of 92 %, and the order of the inhibition potency is found within the order of T3 > T2 > T1 by all utilized techniques. The morphological examinations of the surface of MS specimens were explored by using SEM/EDX analysis. DFT calculations were not in agreement with experimental results while MD simulations confirmed the dependence of inhibition performances on the molecular structure of tested compounds.

Inhibition of Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel By Selected Quinoxalinyl-Pyrazolyl-Propanones: Electrochemical and Computational Studies

Acid corrosion of mild steel was studied in the presence of two propanone derivatives of quinoxalin-6-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-one, namely 1-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one (Mt-3-PQPP) and 1-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-one (Cl-4-PQPP). The inhibitive potentials of the compounds were assessed by measuring the corrosion rate of mild steel in the electrolyte admixture using electrochemical techniques. Both compounds were found to repress steel corrosion in HCl. Tafel polarization experiments suggested that the compounds are mixed-type inhibitors as they reduce both the anodic and cathodic corrosion reactions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that Mt-3-PQPP and Cl-4-PQPP molecules adsorbed on mild steel surface to form pseudo-capacitive film. Surface coverage data was fitted into the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the evaluated thermodynamic parameters suggested chemisorption for Mt-3-PQPP and competitive physisorption and chemisorption for Cl-4-PQPP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses further revealed that adsorbed film of the inhibitor molecules protected the steel from direct exposure to acidic ions. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that higher corrosion inhibition efficiency of Mt-3-PQPP compared to Cl-4-PQPP molecule is due to the higher electron donating tendency of the former. Mt-3-PQPP molecule also showed higher protonation tendency in the acid than Cl-4-PQPP and its protonated form is more reactive than that of Cl-4-PQPP. Monte Carlo simulation of the adsorption of Mt-3-PQPP and Cl-4-PQPP molecules on Fe(110) surface also confirmed higher adsorption energy for the former.

Evaluation of the endocarp and epicarp extract of Cereus fricii cactus as a carbon steel corrosion inhibitor

Endocarp and pericarp extracts of Cereus fricii cactus were used to inhibit carbon steel corrosion in HCl and NaCl solutions by gravimetric assays. Extracts were mechanically obtained, concentrations were fixed and characterized by phytochemical testing and FTIR analysis, and the nature of inhibition was determined by calculation of Gibbs Free Energy. It was established that the extracts have the presence of tannins, saponins, and antioxidant compounds, which was corroborated by the FTIR analysis, showing peaks of absorbance corresponding to groups OH and COOH, with the endocarp extract presenting the highest proportion. Endocarp extracts with 5% concentration showed better performance in inhibiting corrosion than extracts obtained from epicarp, with percentages of 97.71 when inhibiting HCl and 73.91% with NaCl. The presence of tannins, saponins, and antioxidant compounds in extracts of the endocarp and epicarp favour inhibition of metal corrosion.

Study of Kinetics and Inhibition Efficiency by Isoquinoline-5-Carboxaldehyde for Carbon Steel Corrosion in HCl

In this paper, a study of kinetics and inhibition efficiency by isoquinoline-5-carboxaldehyde of carbon steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid is conducted. The method of weight loss and hydrogen gas evolution was used with various inhibitor concentrations ranging from 150-450 parts per million with several temperatures from 40-60°C. Our results showed that increasing inhibitor concentrations and temperature led to an increase in the inhibition efficiency; this indicates both the adsorption of a film layer on a metal surface and the efficacy of the inhibitor by the attendance of oxygen and nitrogen atoms that have an active part in the adsorption process. In this study entropy, activation, and enthalpy energy were calculated.

Performance evaluation of zinc anodes for cathodic protection of mild steel corrosion in HCL

Abstract An assessment of performance of zinc anodes on the cathodic protection of mild steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid was made at both the room and elevated temperatures. The cathodic protection reactions process was evaluated by weight-loss method, corrosion rate calculation and potential measurement methods. The effectiveness of zinc sacrificial anodes were found to be cathodically protective on mild steel in the hydrochloric acid at both the room temperature (27 °C) and elevated temperature (60 °C). There was close correlation of the results obtained for the weight-loss method and potential measurement in the HCL environment.

Potential of Venlafaxine in the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in HCl: insights from experimental and computational studies

The corrosion-inhibiting behavior and adsorption of Venlafaxine on mild steel has been examined using 1 M HCl at 298 K. Techniques used include weight loss studies, potentiodynamic polarization studies, electron impedance spectroscopy, computational studies (Monte Carlo simulation studies) and AFM studies. The polarization data revealed that Venlafaxine mostly behaves as mixed type of inhibitor. The data from weight loss results suggested that inhibition efficiency varied directly with concentration and inversely with temperature. A quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies were used to further validate inhibition mechanism.

Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion in HCl and H2SO4 Solutions by Ethyl 2-Cyano-2-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene) Acetate

The adsorption behaviour of Ethyl 2-cyano-2-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene) acetate (ECDYA) on carbon steel and its inhibitive action on corrosion in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solutions were examined using different corrosion evaluation methods, such as weight loss, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results obtained showed that the inhibitory character of this product increases with the concentration but this character is inversely related to the temperature. Tafel curves have revealed that this compound (ECDYA) possesses the indices of a mixed inhibitor. The inhibiting effect of this compound was interpreted through its adsorption on the metal surface. The Langmuir isotherm adequately describes the process of adsorption of the ECDYA molecules on the surface of the steel in this medium. The experimental results revealed that ECDYA restrains the corrosion reaction in both acidic environments, the inhibition efficiency being stronger in H2SO4 than in HCl. The discussion of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, enthalpy, entropy and adsorption free energy has also been the subject of this work. Quantum chemical parameters were calculated and discussed.

Cinnamaldehyde as a Green Inhibitor in Mitigating AISI 1015 Carbon Steel Corrosion in HCl

This communication reports the inhibitive attributes of cinnamaldehyde mitigating corrosion of AISI 1015 carbon steel in HCl (10% w/w) medium. The mild steel coupons were exposed in HCl medium with and without the presence of cinnamaldehyde. Following the exposure, the samples were analyzed for weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization responses, and postmortem surface characterization. The optimal cinnamaldehyde dose and inhibition efficiency were found to be 200 ppm and 95.36%, respectively. The inhibition was assumed to be mainly due to the adsorption of cinnamaldehyde on the metal surface, which followed the Langmuir isotherm. The temperature effects (25– $$85\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ ) data suggested that the binding affinity of cinnamaldehyde on the metal surface was strong. The moderate rise of inhibition efficiency was associated with the chemical adsorption. The value of activation energy $$(E_{\mathrm{a}})$$ obtained was found to be lower than that the value obtained in the inhibitor-free HCl solution. The polarization measurements showed that the inhibitor was virtually mixed type with reduction of cathodic and anodic current densities. The inhibition efficiency, calculated from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization, was found to be in good agreement with the literature. Scanning electron microscope observations confirmed the existence of a protective adsorbed film of the inhibitor on the metal surface.