Steel Building Structures Research Articles

Strength of transverse plate-to-rectangular HSS connection under single-concentrated compression

According to the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 360), the transverse plate-to-HSS bearing strength of rectangular hollow structural sections (HSS) under single-concentrated compression shall be determined based on the applicable limit states in Section J10. From all the limit states, both the web local yielding (WLY) and web local crippling (WLC) are applicable for transverse plate-to-HSS concentrated compression. However, all the limit state equations in J10 were originally developed for wide-flange sections. Unlike the in-plane compression on the web of a wide-flange section, the concentrated compression on an HSS member acts like an eccentric load on the HSS web and a distributed load along the HSS flange. The eccentric load on the web and flange local bending due to the distributed load can considerably reduce the failure load as compared to the wide-flange sections. Experimental and nonlinear finite element analyses (NLFEA) carried out in this study indicate that WLY, WLC, and flange bending always simultaneously occur at failure of an HSS; hence, they are not independent limit states. While AISC WLY equation predicts a strength closer to the experimental and NLFEA results, the bearing strength of HSS members can range from 16% to 66% of that predicted by AISC WLC equations. Based on actual failure modes, 251 FE models were analyzed, and a single transverse plate-to-HSS bearing strength equation under compression for HSS members was formulated.

DISCUSSION ON RESEARCH ACTIVITY PUBLISHED AS “ISSUES IN USING REDUCED-SIZE SPECIMEN FOR BRITTLE FRACTURE EVALUATION OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN STEEL CONNECTIONS Geometric size effect on brittle fracture properties”

Some illogical statements and improper analyses in the above paper for the size effect on brittle fracture in steel are pointed out referring to related research papers published in the past. In particular, the fracture pattern of the employed small-scale specimens is incompatible with the actual pattern observed in real-scale members in steel building structures.

Analysis and stiffeners' design of a steel bridge girder

Plate girders are designed to carry massive loads over large spans. Flanges resist moment and web resists shear forces. Shear strength of steel girders having slender webs is much less than the yielding shear capacity. It is mainly due to the buckling of the web prior to reaching the yield strength of the material. Webs are generally reinforced with transverse stiffeners to increase their buckling strength. Stiffened webs resist shear also after buckling, which is called as post buckling strength. Tension field theories explain the formation of the post buckling strength and predict the stiffened web’s ultimate shear strength. Most design code provisions are set on tension field theories. There exists plenty of tension field theories proposed until today. This paper covers the design shear strength check and design flexural strength check and the stiffeners’ design of a steel girder specimen which was designed intentionally to fail in shear buckling. Analysis and stiffeners’ design were performed according to the provisions for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) in the ANSI/American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 360-16 - Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.

Identification of the Origins and Risks of Pathologies in Steel Structure Buildings Using Total Quality Management Tools

Identification of the Origins and Risks of Pathologies in Steel Structure Buildings Using Total Quality Management Tools

Structural and nonstructural damage assessment of steel buildings equipped with self-centering energy-absorbing rocking core systems: A comparative study

Self-centering energy-absorbing rocking core (SCENARIO) systems are emerging aseismic structural systems developed for obtaining excellent self-centering and collapse-resistant performance with negligible residual inter-story drifts in steel buildings under strong earthquakes. Despite its demonstrated superior structural performance, the nonstructural performance of SCENARIO systems, which is another essential consideration in seismic resilience evaluation of building structures, has not been well studied. For filling this research gap, this paper aims to make the original contributions by systematically assessing the structural and nonstructural damage of steel building structures equipped with SCENARIO systems under earthquakes and finding the efficient solution for enhancing the structural and nonstructural damage-control performance of SCENARIO systems. Two types of SCENARIO systems, including the SCENARIO system with friction spring dampers (denoted as SCENARIO-F system) and the SCENARIO system with hybrid dampers (denoted as SCENARIO-H system), were considered in this research. Three prototype steel buildings with SCENARIO systems were designed to achieve the same target displacement under design basis earthquakes (DBE). Incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) were performed to study the seismic responses of the designed buildings subjected to far-field and near-fault ground motions with different intensities. The collapse-resistant performance, structural damage, post-earthquake repairability, and nonstructural damage of the designed buildings were investigated via seismic fragility analyses based on IDA results. Seismic fragility analysis results indicate that the SCENARIO-H systems show better performance than the SCENARIO-F systems in controlling structural and nonstructural damage under both far-field and near-fault earthquakes with high intensities. Benefiting from excellent self-centering capacity, the buildings equipped with SCENARIO-F and SCENARIO-H systems can show excellent post-earthquake repairability under strong earthquakes.

Application of Cloud Computing Combined with GIS Virtual Reality in Construction Process of Building Steel Structure

In order to ensure that the steel structure of the building can meet the requirements of the strength of the building structure and the strict requirements in the fields of earthquake resistance, fire protection, energy saving, and environmental protection in the construction process, a method based on virtual reality supply chain cloud computing collaborative management technology is proposed. This method analyzes the main technology of building steel structure and establishes personalized cloud computing collaborative management technology based on virtual reality supply chain. Based on the analysis of industry characteristics and personalized service characteristics, the virtual reality control mechanism of personalized data mining is proposed by considering the service time cost and user experience quality. Based on cloud computing and VIRTUAL reality GIS, a collaborative management and control system architecture is proposed to optimize user personalized needs and solve the impact of differentiation on the supply chain. Experimental results show that compared with the noncollaborative management scheme, the collaborative management algorithm proposed by this method reduces the interference of personalized differences on supply chain management by 25%. The experimental results show that this method can greatly guarantee the satisfaction of steel structure construction process.

Analysis of the Construction and Quality Control Measures of Building Steel Structures

Under the social and economic development, the construction industry has also achieved rapid development, a variety of new technologies, new materials, new products have been applied to the construction of construction projects, especially steel structure products, because of its light weight, distinctive characteristics, fast construction speed, good seismic performance, strong environmental protection, in the construction project has played an important role. In this regard, people need to strengthen research and analysis, deeply grasp the characteristics of steel structures, scientifically analyze various problems in construction, and formulate targeted control strategies to effectively ensure the quality of construction, ensure the safety and stability of engineering structures, and avoid affecting people’s residence.

Analysis of the Key Points of Building Steel Structure Design

The quality of the steel structure is light, high strength, and has a strong integrity, so in the construction of the construction project is more and more widely used. Especially in the current social and economic development, the accelerated urbanization process, to promote the rapid development of the construction industry, people have put forward higher requirements for the quality of buildings. Therefore, in the construction of building steel structure, it is necessary to optimize the design, clarify the key points of steel structure design, strengthen the quality control, and promote the construction quality of the overall construction project. This paper mainly analyzes the importance, characteristics and key points of building steel structure design, aiming to further improve the level of building steel structure design, promote the high-quality development of China’s construction engineering, and provide people with more highquality, safe and reliable living conditions.

Integral Fire Protection Analysis of Complex Spatial Steel Structure Based on Optimized Gaussian Transformation Model.

The rapid development of complex space steel structure buildings has brought new challenges to structural fire protection analysis and design. On the basis of analyzing the deficiencies of structural fire protection design in existing normative and performance-based design methods and based on the knowledge and research results of fire science, structural engineering, computer simulation, and other disciplines, this paper proposes an improved Gaussian transformation model and applied it to the overall fire performance analysis of this complex space steel structure. The proposed model is based on theoretical research and practical application of the simulation and analysis of the overall fire performance of complex spatial buildings. The coupled analysis model and system integration method of spatial overall structure fire and structure are established. The improved Gaussian transformation model is used to propose the integrity of complex spatial structures. It is a system analysis model for fire analysis. The experimental results show that the designed algorithm model can effectively realize the overall fire performance analysis of complex spatial steel structures and can provide a useful reference for China's building fire protection research, building fire protection design, fire rescue, emergency plan formulation, and other engineering practical applications.

BIM Technology in Application of Structure Construction in Hubei Olympic Sports Center

With the rapid development of modern large-span and large-complex steel structure buildings, at present the Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology plays an important role from the design to the construction of a building. This study takes the Comprehensive Gymnasium of Hubei Olympic Sports Center as the carrier and introduce the BIM technology from two aspects; The technology; and the management. Further, the optimal application of BIM technology in the complex component nodes, the technical guidance of component processing, and the correction and verification of drawings were emphatically analyzed in this paper. An engineering practice shows that the application of BIM technology has greatly improved the production efficiency, shortened the construction period, reduced unnecessary cost, and lastly laid a solid foundation for the smooth completion of the project.

Integrated analysis method of 3D corrosion evolution and mechanics of steel based on electrochemical corrosion mechanism

As the primary raw material of steel structure buildings, steel is sensitive to environmental factors and prone to electrochemical corrosion, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the whole structure. The mechanical property degradation of steel structures after corrosion is not only related to the corrosion depth but also closely related to the uneven corrosion morphology and location distribution in 3D space. Based on this, this paper proposed an integrated method that can realize the 3D corrosion evolution prediction process on steel member surface and the evaluation of its mechanical properties respectively. Through the method, the real-time dynamic changes of 3D corrosion interface can be tracked based on electrochemical corrosion mechanism and level-set model. Then the results of corrosion evolution can be conveniently converted into mechanical analysis models for loading solution. The prediction effect and mechanical analysis function of the method were verified by a salt spray exposure corrosion test of Q235 steel and a compression loading test of a long-term corroded steel plate. The integrated method can provide a method support for predicting the remaining service life of steel structures in corrosive environments, reasonably selecting maintenance time and preventing collapse in the future.

Test of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Building Concrete Structures in Earthquake Area Based on Virtual Reality

In order to solve the poor matching ability between concrete structures of traditional architectural space optimization design methods, it leads to the problem of low space optimization ratio, so based on virtual reality technology, the author proposes a new method for optimizing the space of concrete structure buildings. Using virtual reality technology to improve the basic structure of building space, reorganize the form through the design space, and optimize the design of the concrete structure building space function; based on the test model of virtual reality technology, design the matching method of concrete structure, increase the proportion of building space optimization, and adopt linear buckling method, geometric nonlinear method, and double nonlinear analysis method; the ultimate bearing capacity of steel structures of residential buildings in earthquake areas is tested. Experimental results show that for the simple structure building space, the average optimization ratios are 97.17% and 96.71%, respectively; for the complex structure building space, under the proposed optimization design, the average optimization ratio is maintained at 94.34%, and the error between the stress prediction value of the finite element model and the axial stress obtained by testing is less than 6%. Compared with the traditional space optimization design, in the proposed space optimization design method, the proportion of building space optimization is higher; it can be seen that the virtual reality technology has a better matching effect on the concrete structure, and the accuracy of the ultimate bearing capacity value obtained by prediction is high.

Steel Structure Analysis of Workshop Facility in PT Pamapersada Nusantara

Structural planning in building construction aims to measure a building ability in bearing occurred loads. 
 The structural elements must be designed and calculated based on the appropriate combination of standard loads. Workshop facility project at PT. Pamapersada Nusantara uses a steel structure with steel profiles for columns and beams. The function of the steel profile as a cross section of the structure is very important, for that it is necessary to analyze and design the right steel profile for the structural elements of steel columns and beams at the Workshop Facility Project of PT. Pamapersada Nusantara. The method used in this research is based on a case study on the object of research in the project. This building structure planning was analyzed using a computer-based structural calculation program, namely the SAP2000 v.14, referring to SNI 1729-2020 concerning Procedures for Planning Steel Structures for Buildings and SNI 1726:2019 Procedures for Planning Earthquake Resistance for Building Structures and Non-Building and SNI 1727:2020 Minimum Load for Design of Buildings and Other Structures and Indonesian Loading Regulations for Buildings (PPIUG 2019).
 The
 result of structure analysis using SAP2000 V.22, there were no failed frames in workshop facility structure making. For the Rafter deflection of 29.35 mm 
 £
 31 mm (permitted deflection) and the column slenderness of 7 m (L) 
 ³
 (Lr) 5.74 m.

A Comparative Study of Conventional Steel Building and Pre-Engineered Steel Building Structure using STAAD PRO

Abstract: Steel is generally used in all the industrial structures. The design of Pre-Engineered Building structures using tapered sections as the primary frames has saved quantity of steel substantially when comparing to the steel used on Conventional Steel Building structures. In this study, industrial building of different spans (10m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 40m & 50m) is analysed and designed according to the Indian Standards, IS 800-2007 using conventional hot rolled sections and PEB tapered sections. In this study, a relation is being made among the parameters of building to get the flow of pattern of steel reduction in the primary frames of different spans of structures. This study is carried out using STAAD PRO Connect edition. Keywords: Pre-Engineered Building, Conventional Steel Building, STAAD Pro, IS 800-2007, Tapered Section

Performance Study of Concrete Beam-Column Joints in Building Steel Structures Under High-Intensity Vibration

In order to minimize the loss of life and property in an earthquake, the beam-column joints of buildings need to have good seismic performance. This paper briefly introduced concrete beam-column joints and used a steel skeleton to strengthen the seismic performance of concrete beam-column joints. The concrete beam-column and reinforced concrete beam-column joints were prepared for experimental analysis. The skeleton curve and energy dissipation capacity of the joints were tested using quasi-static loading experiments. The relative displacement of the column at different heights in the beam-column joints was tested under an eight-degree earthquake simulated by a vibration table. The results showed that the reinforced concrete beam-column joint had higher peak loads and ultimate displacements when the quasi-static loading displacement exceeded the yield displacement; the reinforced concrete beam-column joint had stronger energy dissipation capacity in the face of cyclic loads; the reinforced concrete beam-column joint had smaller relative column displacements in the face of an eight-degree earthquake.

Analysis of the Application Technology of Steel Structure Building in Prefabricated Substation

Analysis of the Application Technology of Steel Structure Building in Prefabricated Substation

Steel Structure Analysis of Workshop Facility in PT Pamapersada Nusantara

Structural planning in every building construction, aims to take into account the ability to withstand the loads that occur. The structural elements must be designed and calculated based on the appropriate combination of standard loads. Workshop facility project at PT. Pamapersada Nusantara uses a steel structure with steel profiles for columns and beams. The function of the steel profile as a cross section of the structure is very important, for that it is necessary to analyse and design the right steel profile for the structural elements of steel columns and beams at the Workshop Facility Project of PT. Pamapersada Nusantara. The method used in this research is based on a case study on the object of research in the project. This building structure planning was analysed using a computer-based structural calculation program, namely the SAP2000 v.22 program, referring to SNI 1729-2020 concerning Procedures for Planning Steel Structures for Buildings and SNI 1726:2019 Procedures for Planning Earthquake Resistance for Building Structures and Non-Building and SNI 1727:2020 Minimum Load for Design of Buildings and Other Structures and Indonesian Loading Regulations for Buildings (PPIUG 2019). The result of structure analysis using SAP2000 V.22, indicates that there are no failed frames/structures with structural susceptibility > 1.0 (red) meaning that they are unable to carry the load that will occur. Meanwhile, frames/structures < 1.0 (grey, blue, green, yellow, orange) mean that they are capable of bear the brunt of what is to come.

Mechanical Performance Analysis of Steel Beam-Column Joints in Fabricated Multirise Steel Structures after Fire

This study aims to analyze the mechanical properties of fabricated multistory and high-rise steel structures and steel beam-column joints after fire. Considering that the steel structure building has the characteristics of good seismic resistance, flexible structural layout, short construction period, and good safety, first, the thermal and mechanical properties of steel are analyzed. They are thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion coefficient of steel, yield strength, and elastic modulus of ordinary steel. Next, the thermal conduction principle of steel under fire environment is analyzed, including thermal conduction, thermal convection, and thermal radiation. Then, the three-story and three-span reinforced concrete is selected as the experimental object. The local frame calculation model is established through the finite element software Abaqus. It is found that when the axial compression ratio is 1.0 and the fire time of the steel body is 180 min, the vertical deformation speed of the middle column and side column of the frame will increase rapidly. Besides, the bending moment at the bottom of the side column of the frame will increase inversely. The change is not obvious when the axial compression ratio is other values. The axial deformation of the universal beam is obvious under the condition of different fire load ratios. When the load ratio increases, the maximum fire resistance of the universal beam will decrease rapidly. Meanwhile, when the steel body is subjected to the same load ratio, different bearing capacity β has little effect on the fire resistance limit of the steel body. This thesis focuses on a series of changes in the steel of fabricated multistory and high-rise steel buildings after the fire, hoping to provide a reference for the relevant teams of steel construction and make the future housing construction safer.

INVESTIGATION ON THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF FRICTION STUD WELDING OF DISSIMILAR ALUMINUM/MILD STEEL JOINTS

Friction stud welding process is a suitable candidate in joining stud fasteners for steel structure buildings, military vehicles, automobiles, aircraft, ocean liners, bridges, ship buildings, etc., The peak temperature for welding is achieved by converting mechanical energy to thermal energy at the sample interface without the use of electric energy from other sources because it is a solid-state process. The study of the thermal behavior of different metals during friction stud welding is very important since it is a thermal energy process. However, there is no good thermal model for the friction stud welding process. In this work, the generation of heat flux at the interfacial area of two distinct metals, namely aluminum and mild steel, is calculated using a mathematical model. The temperature at the interfacial region, which plays a significant role in the quality and strength of the weld component, is particularly focused on experimentation and analytical modeling. In the experimentation, a noncontact type infrared thermometer is used to measure temperature directly. The temperature profile was determined by the finite difference method based on thermal resistance and capacitance formulation at transient conditions. The obtained mathematical results are compared with the experimental results at the distance of 5 and 10[Formula: see text]mm from the welded interface. The computed temperature profile is in good agreement with the experimental data on the heating side and with a minimum degree of deviation in the cooling part. The maximum percentage of error for the 5[Formula: see text]mm interface is 3.349 and for the 10[Formula: see text]mm interface is 2.857. This deviation is due to the zero-axial shortening assumption in the analytical model. Besides, the temperature characteristics of the welded are analyzed at various time increments by numerical simulation. As a result, the predicted temperature is more on the aluminum side compared to the mild steel due to a change in thermal properties. This proposed thermal model would be helpful to improve the design and manufacture of welding machines.

Electrochemical Seismic Design and Artificial Intelligence System Modeling of High-Rise Steel Structure Buildings

This study aims to improve the mechanical earthquake-resistance ability of high-rise buildings’ steel structures so that their safety performance is improved and their service life is prolonged. The simulation experiments on the response of the staggered truss steel structure are conducted in high-rise buildings to earthquake energy waves. First, MATLAB is used to build an experimental platform for earthquake-resistance evaluation of high-rise residential buildings. Through the high-rise building model training, it is found that the model meets the needs of the study. Second, the earthquake-resistance performance parameters, deformation recovery capacity, and dynamic response speed of the staggered truss steel structure are simulated and tested. After earthquake energy waves with different intensities are posed on the high-rise building model, the performance parameters of the staggered truss structure are tested, and the changes in the parameters of the structure are analyzed. Finally, the earthquake-resistance performance and post-earthquake recovery ability of the staggered truss structure are tested through comparative analysis. The results show that the interlayer displacement fluctuation of the staggered truss steel structure is the smallest, and the earthquake resistance performance is better than others under the energy waves of all kinds of earthquakes. Although its earthquake-resistance ability decreases with the duration of earthquakes, the reduction speed is slow. When the quake lasts 12 s, the resistance of the staggered truss structure is still greater than 2500 MPa. This study provides a reference for the staggered truss structure of high-rise buildings.