Stearyl Research Articles

Development and characterization a novel leakage-proof form stable composite of graphitic carbon nitride and fatty alcohol for thermal energy storage

The form-stabilization ability of the produced graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for preventing the leakage of stearyl alcohol (SAOH) as promising organic phase change material (O-PCM) was investigated comprehensively. The SEM analysis showed that the g-C3N4 had well defined pores which is capable to confine the molten SAOH in them. The FTIR and XRD confirm the chemical compatibility of g-C3N4 and SAOH. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram showed that the melting and freezing temperature of the FS-OPCMs including 70 wt% SAOH were 54.57 °C and 55.25 °C with respective high latent heats as 191 kJ/kg and 187 kJ/kg respectively. The thermal aging test for 1000 melt/freeze cycles confirmed that structure and thermal degradation durability are excellent. The thermal conductivity of developed FS-OPCM is enhanced by 122 %, which were resulted in about 50–54 % reduction in the charging/discharging time of FS-OPCM relative to the SAOH. The results exposed that the developed g-C3N4/SAOH (70 wt%) composite can be considered as potential solar energy storage material in different implementations such thermal cooling of photovoltaic panels, automotive and electronic units as well as solar residential water heating and passive solar space heating.

Potential Allergens in Wound Care Products.

Patients with chronic wounds have an increased risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Reports of ACD to wound care products are not uncommon. To minimize contact sensitization in patients with chronic wounds, allergenic ingredients should be avoided when possible. With more than 5000 wound care products available in the United States, it is essential to understand which products can be chosen to minimize allergen exposures. Ingredients in wound care products in 5 wound care clinics across 2 institutions were cross-referenced with the American Contact Dermatitis Society core allergen series 2020. Of the 267 wound care products included, 97 (36.3%) contained at least one allergen, including 31 dressings/wraps (22.3%), 25 medications (69.4%), 12 cleaning supplies (36.3%), 16 tapes/glues (80%), 2 instruments (14.3%), 8 emollients and vehicles (61.5%), 1 ostomy product (11.1%), and 2 odor-eliminating products (66.7%). Thirty-four different allergens were identified across all products. The most common allergens present in the included items were acrylates and propylene glycol, followed by parabens, cetyl stearyl alcohol, tocopherol, fragrance, and phenoxyethanol. Many wound care products contain at least one contact allergen, highlighting the importance of clinician education on ACD in the context of wound care product selection.

Effects of Sorbitan Monostearate and Stearyl Alcohol on the Physicochemical Parameters of Sunflower-Wax-Based Oleogels.

A rising health concern with saturated fatty acids allowed researchers to look into the science of replacing these fats with unsaturated fatty acids. Oleogelation is a technique to structure edible oil using gelators. The present study looked for the effect of solid emulsifiers; namely, sorbitan monostearate (SP) and stearyl alcohol (SA), on the physicochemical parameters of oleogels. All the oleogels were formulated using 5% sunflower wax (SW) in sunflower oil (SO). The formulated oleogels displayed irregular-shaped wax crystals on their surface. The bright-field and polarized microscopy showed the fiber/needle network of wax crystals. Formulations consisting of 10 mg (0.05% w/w) of both the emulsifiers (SA10 and SP10) in 20 g of oleogels displayed the appearance of a dense wax crystal network. The SP and SA underwent co-crystallization with wax molecules, which enhanced crystal growth and increased the density and size of the wax crystals. The XRD and FTIR studies suggested the presence of a similar β’ polymorph to that of the triacylglycerols’ arrangement. The incorporation of SA and SP in wax crystal packing might have resulted in a lower crystallization rate in SA10 and SP10. Evaluation of the thermal properties of oleogels through DSC showed better gel recurrence of high melting enthalpy. These formulations also displayed a sustained release of curcumin. Despite the variations in several properties (e.g., microstructures, crystallite size, thermal properties, and nutrient release), the emulsifiers did not affect the mechanical properties of the oleogel. The meager amounts of both the emulsifiers were able to modulate the nutrient release from the oleogels without affecting their mechanical properties in comparison to the control sample.

Effect of halloysite nanotubes on the conformation and thermal properties of shape-stable phase change materials: A molecular dynamics study

Shape-stable phase change materials (SSPCMs) have gained significant attention due to the absence of leakage problems and remarkable latent heat in the thermal energy storage technology field. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) is one of the promising supporting materials for shape-stable PCMs due to its nanoscale hollow tubule structure, low-cost and environmentally friendly properties. From a molecular perspective, the effect of surface interaction on mechanical and thermal properties of SSPCM based on HNTs need to be clarified. Here, three composite PCM structures consisted of the HNTs and n-octadecane, stearyl alcohol, and stearic acid were constructed respectively. Then, the kinetic process and the microscope mechanism of three composite PCM structures are more clearly, the end-end distance and torsion, coordination number, relative concentration, and self-diffusion coefficient on different temperature have been calculated and analyzed here, respectively. The conformations, interaction energy, and thermophysical properties of the PCM molecules were investigated from the view point of molecular. The results show that the HNTs exhibited significant adsorption effects on the PCM molecules with three different groups, alkyl, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which were sequentially enhanced. Herein, the HNT-based composite SSPCMs will be highly promising for many practical applications of energy storage technology, such as collecting solar energy and industrial waste heat.

Effect of vacuum insulation panel integration in phase change material-based passive thermal management system for electronics package exposed to hot air environment

Harsh environment conditions are challenging for thermal management of electronics devices due to the thermal load from the surroundings. Phase Change Material (PCM) based Passive Thermal Management Systems (PTMSs) are gaining more attention for electronics cooling, and thermal insulation protection is crucial in hot air environments. In this work, an experimental setup was developed to study the thermal response of a PCM based PTMS under the thermal protection of different insulation when exposed to a hot air environment. Stearyl Alcohol was used as the PCM for PTMS. The effect of Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP) integration in PTMS under a heat flux range of 0.3 to 1.4 kW/m2 was analysed and compared with the performance of a commercial Cellulose Fibre Insulation (CFI). Effect of thermal insulation thermal protection and thermal energy storage capability of PCM on the thermal response of the PTMS was investigated separately in different configurational settings. PTMS integrated with VIP having thermal conductivity of 6.2 mW/m-K showed better performance in Set-Point Temperature analysis. The results confirmed the synergic effect of VIP integration and PCM on extending the Safe Operational Time (SOT) of the PTMS. PCM based PTMS with VIP showed a 41.63 % average improvement in SOT. Duration for complete phase transition of PCM was improved to 46.34 % through VIP integration over different heat generation rates. VIP outperformed CFI on improving SOT by offering better thermal resistance against thermal load from hot air environment, thereby proving its potential application in PTMS under a hot air environment.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cream Containing Extracts of Tridax Procumbens, Ficus Religiosa, Azadirachta Indica and Curcuma Longa

Now a day's herbal medicine has great impact on human health and diseases. Herbal medicine plays important role in overall aspects such as economical and medicinal. Although usage of these herbal medicines is increased day by day because of their quality, efficacy and safety. The present research study explores new formulation containing extracts of Tridax procumbens, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa in the form of cream (O/W). The formulation were characterized by determining the pharmaceutical characteristics such as pH, appearance, viscosity, spreadability, etc. The phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, etc were detected with the help of identification tests. The cream formulation were designed by using excipients such as stearyl alcohol, beeswax, sorbitol monooleate, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and liquid paraffin. As compared to allopathic medicines herbal medication is considered as safer. Whereas allopathic medications are associated with some side effects. Whereas cream formulation is much better as compared to other formulations for absorption and penetration of active moiety tropically.

Fluorinated microporous organic polymers for enhanced thermal energy storage

Knitting method has been widely used in the synthesis of microporous organic polymers (MOPs) because of its simple process and wide adaptability. In our study, microporous organic biphenyl (MOBP) and F-containing microporous organic fluorobiphenyl (MOFBP) were prepared in this way. The two polymers show large BET surface area (917 m2 g−1), pore volume (0.77 cm3 g−1) and favorable phase change materials (PCMs) capacities. Shape stable phase change composites were obtained using self-adsorption method. From differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the PCM composites have favorable encapsulation ratios, thermal stabilities and latent heats. For stearyl alcohol@ MOFBP (SA@MOFBP), the encapsulation ratio is 78.9 wt% and the latent heat reaches 194.3 kJ g−1. Moreover, all composites remained their thermal energy storage properties after 100 thermal cycles. These PCM composites have potential applications in the field of thermal energy storage.

Binary isobaric phase diagrams of stearyl alcohol-poloxamer 407 formulations in the molten and solid state

Multiparticulate formulations allow for the design of specialized pharmaceutical dosage forms that cater to the needs of a wide range of patient demographics, such as pediatric and geriatric populations, by affording control over the release rate and facilitating the formulation of fixed-dose combination drugs. Melt spray-congealing (MSC) is a method for preparing multiparticulate dosage forms from a suspension or solid solution of active pharamaceutical ingredients (API) and a molten carrier matrix. Stearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 mixtures are widely used as carrier matrices in MSC microsphere formulations. In this report, the phase equilibria of stearyl alcohol-poloxamer 407 mixtures were investigated by generating binary phase diagrams of composition, i.e. weight/weight percent of poloxamer 407 in stearyl alcohol, and temperature in the molten form and the solid state. The phase equilibria of the molten state were characterized by 1H NMR measurements. The miscibility curves of stearyl alcohol-poloxamer 407 molten mixtures revealed that stearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 are not miscible in all proportions and that miscibility substantially increases with temperature. The phase equilibria of the solid state were characterized by DSC and PXRD experiments. The phase diagrams of the solid state indicate that stearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 crystallize and melt separately and, thus, do not form a eutectic or a single phase. The phases equilibria of the bulk mixtures were compared to the phases observed in placebo MSC microspheres and it was determined that the microspheres consist of a mixture of thermodynamically stable and metastable stearyl alcohol crystals immediately after manufacture.

Activated carbon nanotube/polyacrylic acid/stearyl alcohol nanocomposites as thermal energy storage effective shape-stabilized phase change materials

Stearyl alcohol (SA) as one of organic phase change materials (PCMs) has promising thermal energy storage prospective. However, the leakage issue during solid-liquid phase change period and low heat harvesting and releasing rate significantly attenuates its TES potential. Towards to overcome these drawbacks, the SA was shape-stabilized using the cross-linked poly acrylic acid (PAA) and activated single walled carbon nanotubes (a-SWCNTs) at three different weigh ratio of 1:1:2, 1:3:4 and 1:5:6 (a-SWCNTs:PAA:SA). The chemical/crystalline and morphologic structures of the produced shape stabilized-nano composite PCMs (SS-NCPCMs) were investigated by FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyses. The latent heat storage (LHS) features and thermal stability of the SS-NCPCMs were measured by DSC and TGA techniques. The thermal cycling effect on the LHS properties and chemical structures of the SS-NCPCMs was also estimated. The DSC findings indicated that the SS-NCPCMs had melting temperature of around 55–56 °C and latent heat capacity of about 135 J/g. TGA measurements disclosed that the thermal degradation temperatures of the nano composite PCMs were prolonged somewhat compared to the SA. A 500 heating-cooling cycling test revealed that the SS-NCPCMs had great chemical and LHS stability. The heat harvesting and releasing performance of the NCPCMs were considerably shortened compared to those of pure SA. The obtained results exposed that the synthesized SWCNTs/PAA/SA composites can be evaluated as promising LHS materials for thermal management of electronic systems, automobile modules, food carriers, solar PV panels etc.

Breakable foam of mupirocin for topical application on burn wounds: Statistical optimization and antimicrobial study

The objective of the study was to develop a topical foam formulation of mupirocin for the prevention and treatment of skin wounds, especially burn wounds. The pre-foam formulation was prepared by mixing oil and aqueous phase containing 2% mupirocin at 70 °C. This system was filled in the canister and crimped with aerosol propellant grade LPG to achieve pressurized foam. The foam formulation was statistically optimized by Box-Behnken design to check the effect of gelling agent (HPC), surfactant concentration (crodesta F110) and foaming adjuvants (oleyl and stearyl alcohol) on critical foam characteristics. These independent variables showed a significant effect on collapse time and foam density. The optimized formulation was evaluated for physicochemical properties, in vitro release and antibacterial activity. The optimum batch showed a collapse time of 85 s and had excellent spreadability. The diffusion study showed that more than 90% of the drug was released within 6 h. The formulation exhibited an antimicrobial effect against S. aureus which was 0.75-fold better than the marketed preparation of mupirocin. The foam-formulation has the unique nature of collapsing upon slight tap which is highly beneficial for application with medical gauze. Therefore, mupirocin foam formulation with quick collapse time, good spreadability and superior antibacterial efficacy can be explored for burn wounds with a minimum touch.

An Ionic Liquid Promoted Clean and Direct Conversion of Triglycerides into Bio‐Based Thermal Energy Storage Materials

AbstractIn the present study, triglycerides are subjected to an ionic liquid (IL) catalyzed and solventless transesterification reaction with a series of fatty alcohols in a 1:3 ratio, respectively. In order to prepare the corresponding wax esters, triglycerides trilaurin, trimyristin, and tristearin are treated with fatty alcohols such as lauryl, myristyl, and stearyl alcohol via 1,3‐disulfonic acid imidazolium chloride catalyzed transesterification reaction under environmentally friendly conditions. The optimum duration of the transesterification reaction is determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the progress of the reaction can also be easily followed by thin layer chromatography. According to these studies, the reaction takes about 2 h to complete and the corresponding wax esters are obtained successfully by recrystallization from suitable solvent mixture without tedious work‐up in good to excellent yields (86–100%).Practical Applications: With this sustainable method, a homologous series of wax esters can be successfully synthesized as bio‐based thermal energy storage materials. The prominent aspect of this solventless method is that it allows the preparation of wax esters directly from triglycerides via an ionic liquid catalyzed process both in laboratory and industrial scale.

Preparation, thermal properties and charging/discharging characteristics of sodium acetate/stearic acid/octadecyl alcohol composite as phase change materials

In order to improve the thermal conductivity of organic phase change materials and overcome the shortcomings of large supercooling degree and phase separation of inorganic phase change materials, the composites of sodium acetate, stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol as phase change materials were prepared by melt blending method, where disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate was used as nucleating agent and carboxymethyl cellulose as thickener in this work. XRD, DSC and T-history techniques were used to analyze the composite phase change materials. Sodium acetate, stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol are physically blended in the ternary composite phase change materials. Sodium acetate improves the thermal conductivity and latent heat of the eutectic mixtures of stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol, where the thermal conductivity and latent heat of the eutectic mixtures of stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol is increased by 384 % and 28%, respectively. Heat conduction and natural convection act together, but natural convection plays an important role in the melting process. While heat conduction plays an important part in the discharging process. Due to natural convection, the charging time of the composite phase change materials is less than the discharging time.

Atomic layer deposition precisely modified zeolite 13X: Physicochemical synergistic adsorption of space molecular contaminants

In spaceflight applications, molecular contamination control has become one of the most challenging issues. Porous zeolites are a potent molecular adsorbent with advantages of efficient adsorption at low pressure and/or high temperature, high interaction with adsorbates, and superior durability in extreme environments. Herein, zeolite 13X pellets were selected for adsorption of stearyl alcohol (C18H37OH) as a target molecular contaminant. Considering the excellent hydrophilicity of the zeolite 13X which limits the adsorption of most hydrophobic organic molecules, modification of the zeolite 13X by deposition of TiO2 via atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology was performed. Results show that ALD-grown TiO2 not only improves hydrophobicity but also renders high activity, whilst retains the hierarchical pores of the zeolites. As a result, the as-prepared zeolite 13X@TiO2 exhibits efficient adsorption toward trace stearyl alcohol under low pressure through the synergistic contribution of physisorption and chemisorption. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, molecular dynamic (MD) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations further discover that pore wall surfaces are primary adsorption sites for the physisorption while ALD-grown TiO2 provides active sites for the chemisorption.

Seven cases of contact dermatitis due to stearyl alcohol contained in topical medications.

Stearyl alcohol is found in various cosmetics and topical medications and is regarded as safe. Allergic contact dermatitis is reported due to this chemical on rare occasions. We report seven cases, comprising three men and four women aged between 36 and 62 between the years 2013 to 2019, of allergic contact dermatitis due to the use of topical medication, where the patient showed a positive result to a patch test using stearyl alcohol. There were 10 topical medications that we considered to be the cause of this: three were from Oronine® H ointment, two from Eurax® cream, one from Eurax H cream, and four from topical antifungal medications. All these medications contained stearyl alcohol. Seven cases of patch tests with stearyl alcohol all showed positive results. Moreover, having done a patch test with cetyl alcohol, two out of three tests showed positive. When researching allergic contact dermatitis due to topical medications, it is important to test for allergy to stearyl alcohol as well as their main ingredients, because it is contained in numerous products and has the ability to cause allergic contact dermatitis.

SWCNT-Encapsulated Phosphorus-Grafted Stearyl Alcohol as a Flame-Retardant Phase-Change Material with Superior Thermal Properties

SWCNT-Encapsulated Phosphorus-Grafted Stearyl Alcohol as a Flame-Retardant Phase-Change Material with Superior Thermal Properties

Effects of stearyl alcohol monolayer on the structure, dynamics and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy of interfacial water.

The structure, dynamics and vibrational spectroscopy of a water surface covered by a monolayer of stearyl alcohol (STA) are investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectral calculations. The STA molecules possess long linear alkyl chains without any branching and have a rather large hydrophobic surface area. The STA-water interface is found to be rather narrow with an ordered outward arrangement of the alcohol chains at the water surface. The water molecules in the interfacial region which contribute most to the observed VSFG spectrum are identified. It is shown that the observed red shift in the hydrogen bonded part of the VSFG spectrum can originate from partial cancellation of the spectral responses from up and down-oriented OH moieties of interfacial water which are hydrogen bonded, respectively, to alcohol and water molecules. The effects of intra and intermolecular coupling to the VSFG spectrum are also calculated for the STA-water interface considered here. On the dynamical side, a slowing down of the hydrogen bond and orientational relaxation is found for the interfacial water. It is found that the ordered arrangement of STA molecules at the surface holds the interfacial water molecules rather tightly and slows down the dynamics. The current results of the STA-water interface are also compared with those of the tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA)-water interface where the alcohol has a fully branched hydrophobic part of the lower surface area.

Selective Hydrogenation of Stearic Acid to 1-Octadecanol Using Bimetallic Palladium-Tin Supported on Carbon Catalysts at Mild Reaction Conditions

Bimetallic palladium-tin catalysts supported on microporous carbon (denoted as Pd-Sn(x)/C, loading amount of Pd = 5 wt% and x = Pd/Sn molar ratio; c.a. 3.0; 1.5; and 1.0) showed high selectivity in the hydrogenation of stearic acid towards 1-octadecanol (stearyl alcohol) under mild reaction conditions. Pd-Sn(x)/C catalysts were synthesized via the hydrothermal method at temperature of 150 °C for 24 h, and reduced with H2 at 400 °C for 3 h. Pd-Sn(1.5)/C catalyst exhibited the highest yield of stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) (up to 73.2%) at 100% conversion of stearic acid at temperature 240 °C, initial H2 pressure of 3.0 MPa, a reaction time of 13 h, and in 2-propanol/water solvent. The high selectivity of alcohols over Pd-Sn(1.5)/C catalyst can be attributed to the formation of bimetallic Pd-Sn alloy phases (e.g. Pd3Sn and Pd3Sn2) as obviously depicted by XRD analysis. The presence of co-promotor Sn and the formation of bimetallic may play a pivotal role in the high selectivity of 1-octadecanol. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Hydration and Hydrogen Bond Order of Octadecanoic Acid and Octadecanol Films on Water at 21 and 1 °C.

The temperature-dependent hydration structure of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols at air-water interfaces has great significance in the fundamental interactions underlying ice nucleation in the atmosphere. We present an integrated theoretical and experimental study of the temperature-dependent vibrational structure and electric field character of the immediate hydration shells of fatty alcohol and acid headgroups. We use a combination of surface-sensitive infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), surface potentiometry, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate detailed molecular structures of the octadecanoic acid and octadecanol (stearic acid and stearyl alcohol) headgroup hydration shells at room temperature and near freezing. In experiments, the alcohol at high surface concentration exhibits the largest surface potential; yet we observe a strengthening of the hydrogen-bonding for the solvating water molecules near freezing for both the alcohol and the fatty acid IRRAS experiments. Results reveal that the hydration shells for both compounds screen their polar headgroup dipole moments reducing the surface potential at low surface coverages; at higher surface coverage, the polar headgroups become dehydrated, which reduces the screening, correlating to higher observed surface potential values. Lowering the temperature promotes tighter chain packing and an increase in surface potential. IRRAS reveals that the intra- and intermolecular vibrational coupling mechanisms are highly sensitive to changes in temperature. We find that intramolecular coupling dominates the vibrational relaxation pathways for interfacial water determined by comparing the H2O and the HOD spectra. Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations on cluster systems of propanol + 6H2O and propionic acid + 10H2O, a spectral decomposition scheme was used to correlate the OH stretching motion with the IRRAS spectral features, revealing the effects of intra- and intermolecular coupling on the spectra. Spectra calculated with AIMD reproduce the red shift and increase in intensity observed in experimental spectra corresponding to the OH stretching region of the first solvation shell. These findings suggest that intra- and intermolecular vibrational couplings strongly impact the OH stretching region at fatty acid and fatty alcohol water interfaces. Overall, results are consistent with ice templating behavior for both the fatty acid and the alcohol, yet the surface potential signature is strongest for the fatty alcohol. These findings develop a better understanding of the complex surface potential and spectral signatures involved in ice templating.

Influence of fatty alcohol mixing ratios on physicochemical properties of stearyl–cetyl–polysorbate 60–water ternary system: Insights from experiments and computer simulations

The structure and stability of ternary systems prepared with polysorbate 60 and various combinations of cetyl (C16) and stearyl (C18) alcohols (fatty alcohol 16g, polysorbate 4g, water 180g) were examined as they aged over 3 months at 25oC. Rheological results showed that the consistency of these systems increased initially during roughly the first week of aging, which was succeeded by little changes in consistency (systems containing from 30% to 70% C18, with the 50% C18 system showing the highest consistencies in viscosity and elasticity) or significant breakdown of structure (remaining systems). The formation and/or disintegration of all ternary systems were also detected by microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. This study emphasizes the fact that the structure and consistency of ternary systems are dominantly controlled by the swelling capacity of the lamellar $\alpha-$crystalline gel phase. When the conversion of this gel phase into non-swollen $\beta$- or $\gamma$-crystals occurs, systems change from semisolids to fluids. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide important details on the molecular mechanism of our ternary systems. Computational results supported the hypothesis experimentally proposed for the stability of the mixed system being due to an increase in the flexibility, hence an increase in the configurational entropy of the chain tip of the alcohol with a longer hydrocarbon chain (with the highest flexibility observed in the 50:50 C18:C16 system). This finding is in excellent agreement with experimental conclusions. Additionally, simulation data show that in the mixed system, the alcohol with shorter hydrocarbon chain becomes more rigid. These molecular details could not be available in experimental measurements

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Oral Controlled Release Formulation of BCS Class I Drug Using Polymer Matrix System.

Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker, which belongs to the family of benzothiazepines. It is commonly used to treat hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Even though the drug has high solubility, its high permeability and rapid metabolism in the liver can limit the bioavailability and increase the dose frequencies for up to four times per day. This study focused on a polymer matrix system not only to control the drug release but also to prolong the duration of bioavailability. The polymer matrices were prepared using different ratios of poloxamer-188, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and stearyl alcohol. In vitro and in vivo assessments took place using 24 rabbits and the results were compared to commercially available product Tildiem® (60 mg tablet) as reference. Overall, the rate of drug release was sustained with the gradual increase of poloxamer-188 incorporated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stearyl alcohol in the matrix system, achieving a maximum release period of 10 h. The oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem hydrochloride incorporated in polymer matrix system were similar to commercial reference Tildiem®. In conclusion, the combination of polymers can have a substantial effect on controlling and prolonging the drug release pattern. The outcomes showed that poloxamer-188 combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and stearyl alcohol is a powerful matrix system for controlling release of diltiazem hydrochloride.