Steamship Companies Research Articles

Liverpool, the Irish steamship companies and the famine Irish1

This article is concerned with the conditions under which Irish immigrants were carried from Irish ports to Liverpool during, and immediately after, the famine years of 1845–49. The scale of the traffic and the exploitation of the immigrants by the steamship companies is analysed while particular attention is paid to the use by the authorities in Liverpool of the law regarding the removal of paupers back to Ireland. Attention is also drawn to the fact that despite public scandal and the existence of legislation to regulate passenger conditions, the political will to enforce it did not exist during the period under review. The suffering and the concern of governments is seen as part of the universal immigrant experience, both then and since.

The West Coast Phase of the Maritime Strike of 1921

Research Article| November 01 1950 The West Coast Phase of the Maritime Strike of 1921 Giles T. Brown Giles T. Brown Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1950) 19 (4): 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/3635820 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Giles T. Brown; The West Coast Phase of the Maritime Strike of 1921. Pacific Historical Review 1 November 1950; 19 (4): 385–396. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3635820 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1950 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY

The eighth International Congress of Entomology will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, August 9-15, 1948. The fact that all steamship sailings are currently booked to capacity for months in advance makes it seem necessary for those expecting to attend the congress in 1948 to arrange for passage as early as possible. Steamship companies have not issued sailing lists for 1948, but expect to do so in the early fall. A number of lines have listed sailings for the present season, among them, the Cunard, French, Belgian, Swedish, Norwegian, Gdynia (Polish), Holland-American, etc., the first mentioned expecting soon to have two new steamers in service.

Liverpool and the Atlantic Ferry

Liverpool shipowners have played prominent parts in the long struggles for supremacy on the North Atlantic between the more notable steamship companies, such as the Cunard, White Star, Collins, Inman, Guion, Hamburg-Amerika, and Norddeutscher Lloyd Lines, and associated with their names are those of the celebrated engineers and shipbuilders who were responsible for building the transatlantic mail steamers. An historical account is given of the evolution of the mail service from its commencement in the year 1710 to the present day, and includes the British Government Post Office Packet service commenced in 1710 by the sailing packet brig Royal Anne, the inauguration in 1816 by the Black Ball Company of the first regular sailing packet line, the commencement of the Atlantic Ferry in 1840 by the Cunard Line, and the evolution of the mail steamer to its present size, as represented by the liner No. 534 now building. This period covers the development from wood to iron, and iron to steel, for the construction of hulls, the change from sail to steam, from paddles to single, twin, triple, and quadruple screw propellers, from simple to compound, triple-, and quadruple-expansion reciprocating engines, the development of the Parsons direct and single- and double-reduction geared turbines, the change from tank boilers to low- and high-pressure water-tube boilers, and the evolution of passenger accommodation to its present standard. A few observations are made on the navigation and propulsion of modern liners. Tables show the record passages of Atlantic liners and dimensions of the present-day big ships. The state-rooms, lounges, ballrooms, cinema theatres, swimming baths, sports decks, and dining saloons in the modern liner are briefly described. The author thinks it is improbable that the Atlantic steam ferry will be supplanted by an air ferry, and he gives an account of the competition with foreign lines which receive subsidies for shipbuilding and operation, and explains the reasons for building No. 534, and the part which Liverpool and the Atlantic Ferry might play in the future development of the United States of America and the Dominion of Canada.

Studies on the Sanitation of Swimming Pools

The present investigation was undertaken to inquire into the sanitary conditions existing in swimming pools, and to study methods of improving these pools if defective, without altering too greatly their equipments or modes of administration. In addition to this, it has been our purpose to determine as accurately as possible, standards in construction, equipment, and management which we think should be required of such establishments in the future. The problem of the sanitary swimming pool has assumed considerable importance. The dangers of bathing in polluted water have been pointed out by many authors, and numerous plans for overcoming these dangers have been suggested. Many municipalities have established public baths and swimming pools. Swimming pools have been installed by private individuals, as well as by colleges and universities, secondary and elementary schools, clubs, steamship companies, and Turkish and Russian bathing establishments. National and international associations1 have been formed, to promote the movement. The increased interest taken in the sanitary condition of the pools is an indication of their growing popularity, and therefore of the practical importance of the subject. That the swimming pool is actually a medium for the transmission of disease, has been well pointed out by Atkin2 who divides diseases communicable from pool into three classes: (1), intestinal, (2) eye and ear, and (3) venereal. We follow his classification in the succeeding paragraphs.

Radio operation by steamship companies

Radio operation by steamship companies

MEDICAL CASES IN THE COURTS.

THE DANGERS OF FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. The steamship companies are making a hard fight to avoid the penalties imposed for violations of the recent law passed by Congress against undesirable immigration. The United States officials have refused to allow a considerable number of pauper and vicious immigrants to land, and the agents of the steamship companies claim that it is a hardship to be obliged to care for them until they can be sent back. The conclusive answer of the Government is that the law is clear on the subject, and the companies should not have brought the unhealthy, insane, vicious and pauper immigrants whom it is desired to shut out. If they are brought, any expense connected with their return must be paid by the steamship companies. The figures of immigration are somewhat startling, and the arrivals from countries where the immigrants are of the most undesirable classes show the