Steady State Tube Furnace Research Articles

Staggered distribution structure Cu-Mn catalysts for mitigating smoke and gas toxicity in combustion: Unravelling mechanistic insight through operando studies

The integration of flame retardancy and environmental friendliness can be achieved by designing cost-effective, stable, and efficient catalysts to reduce smoke and toxicity during the combustion of polymeric materials. This work reports the development of non-precious metal catalysts for thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), which exhibit a significant reduction in smoke and gases toxicity while providing flame retardancy. The use of MgB2 as a support enables the in-situ growth of highly efficient Cu-Mn based catalysts, resulting in a remarkable 51.5 % decrease in total smoke release and a 49.1 % reduction in peak rate of CO generation of TPU according to cone calorimeter test results. Furthermore, Cu-Mn/MgB2 demonstrates an impressive 83.1 % reduction in total CO production rate during the steady-state tube furnace test. Additionally, density functional theory is employed to analyze the binding energy between catalysts and TPU as well as the adsorption energy of gases. This elucidates the rational reaction mechanism behind the catalyst and smoke inhibiting process. By combining transition metal oxide catalyzed CO oxidation reaction with polymeric material combustion, this study presents a promising approach for efficient smoke suppression with potential applications.

Enhancing low-temperature CO removal in complex flue gases: A study on La and Cu doped Co3O4 catalysts under real-world combustion environment

Designing CO oxidation catalysts for complex flue gases conditions is particularly challenging in fire scenarios. Traditional flue gas simulations use a few representative gases but often fail to adequately evaluate catalyst performance in real-world combustion conditions. In this study, we developed doping strategies using La and Cu to enhance the water resistance of Co3O4 catalysts. Catalyst 0.1La-Co3O4-CuO/CeO2 exhibits exceptional low-temperature catalytic activity, achieving 100% conversion at 130 °C. This enhancement is largely due to the introduction of La, which increases the active Co3+/Co2+ ratio and suppresses hydroxyl group formation on the Co3O4 surface. Cu doping also changes the Co3O4 lattice structure, forming Cu+ as active sites and enhancing the activity at low temperatures. For the first time, steady-state tube furnace and fixed bed were employed to evaluate the catalytic performance of CO in actual combustion atmosphere. Catalyst 0.1La-Co3O4-CuO/CeO2 maintains excellent catalytic efficiency (T100 = 120 °C) under well-ventilated conditions. However, its activity significantly decreases in poorly ventilated environments, due to the competitive adsorption of small molecules at active sites, such as acetone, commonly found in smoke. This study provides valuable insights for designing water-resistant, low-temperature, non-noble metal catalysts and offers a methodology for evaluating CO catalytic activity in real-world environments.

Measurement of the Size Distribution of Smoke Particles through Direct Sampling at the Exit of a Steady-State Tube Furnace

The size distribution of smoke particles, influenced by varying fire conditions, constitutes a significant research focus in the firefighting domain concerning fire detection and the impact on lung deposition which is a major contributor to both short- and long-term casualties among residents and firefighters. Currently, the ISO/TS 19700 method is commonly employed to measure characteristics of combustion products, including composition and concentration, primarily for gaseous substances. However, due to measurement challenges, limited research results exist on particulate substances using this method, and outcomes vary significantly among researchers. The particle size distribution which is the typical characteristics of particulate materials is crucial factor leading to discrepancies in measurements at the combustion furnace outlet. This distortion is influenced by factors such as particle collision, temperature changes, and residence time in the mixing chamber installed for cooling and dilution. This study unveils the disparity in particle size distribution between using a mixing chamber and direct sampling. A solution is proposed by replacing the mixing chamber at the outlet of the steady-state tube furnace specified in the existing ISO/TS 19700 method with a direct sampling approach. Smoke particles generated under combustion conditions at various temperatures and equivalence ratios were directly sampled at the furnace exit. These samples underwent a two-stage dilution process, and the real-time particle size distribution was measured using an electrostatic low-pressure impactor. This approach minimizes distortion of the particle size distribution attributable to the mixing chamber.

Experimental Study on the Combustion of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Under Marine Environment Conditions

ABSTRACTThe common upholstered furniture filler flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is a synthetic polymer whose wide range of application environments include not only land but also sea, especially in ship cabins, where FUPF is used extensively to improve the comfort and aesthetics of passenger cabins. In marine air, halogen ions in marine air can act as quenchers of gas-phase radicals, blocking the conversion of CO to CO2 in the combustion of polyurethane foam, which causes different combustion characteristics of FPUF. Therefore, the combustion characteristics of FPUF and the content of asphyxiating gas components in the combustion flue gas were studied by using a conical calorimeter and a steady-state tube furnace (SSTF) to simulate a marine air environment with high salinity and humidity, as well as the fractional effective dose (FED) model to evaluate the flue gas toxicity. The results show that the heat release rate (HRR) curves of FPUF combustion are similar for pilot ignition and non-pilot ignition modes in air with different salinity and humidity, and the ignition time of FPUF will increase about 1% with the salinity of air droplets increase 1% in both non-pilot and pilot ignition modes. The variation of flue gas components from FPUF combustion in air with different salinity and humidity has a similar pattern: the generation of CO and HCN increases with increasing Φ values (the ratio of actual fuel-air ratio to the ratio of stoichiometric fuel-air ratio), while the generation of CO2 and NO decreases with increasing Φ values. When the Φ value is is close to 0.9 or 2.33, the ventilation conditions play a dominant role in the generation of each component in the flue gas. And the air with high salinity and humidity has a greater effect on the generation of each flue gas component when the equivalent ratio Φ is in the range of 0.9 to 1.8. As the salinity in air increases, the threshold for FED to reach danger shifts from Φ = 1.61 to Φ = 1.36. The presence of NaCl in the air with high salinity and humidity increases the generation of asphyxiating gas components in FPUF combustion, the study has practical implications for evacuation, toxicity prediction, and safety evaluation.

Design, construction and validation of a simple, low-cost phi meter

The best correlation between the yields of the major toxicants in fire smoke and the fire condition is obtained by expressing the ventilation in terms of the equivalence ratio, phi. Phi meters allow this fuel-air equivalence ratio to be determined during a large-scale fire test. The original design used a platinum catalyst, a large furnace, and required pure oxygen. This work aimed to make a simple, low-cost device which could monitor the equivalence ratio during a large-scale fire test. The current design produces the same quality of measurement with a much smaller footprint and throughput. Benefits include enhanced portability, reduction in sample gas cleaning and drying requirements and lower cost. The work showed that normal furnace components (alumina and silica) provide suitably catalytic surfaces at 900 °C eliminating the requirement for platinum catalysts and the use of pure oxygen. The ISO/TS 19700 steady state tube furnace (SSTF) was used to validate the phi meter measurements as it can both pre-set and independently quantify the equivalence ratio during a test. Long sample collection times were overcome with a larger sampling pump and effluent being split between the phi meter furnace and the exhaust. It is hoped that this simpler, optimized apparatus will encourage more widespread use and lead to better prediction of smoke toxicity.

Experimental investigation and numerical modelling of CO and HCN release during the combustion of flexible polyurethane foam

The combustion of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) in fires releases relatively large amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), threatening the lives of those exposed thereto. It is therefore necessary to use computational fluid dynamics method to explore the distribution of CO and HCN in a fire involving the combustion of FPUF. However, the release of CO and HCN varies significantly with the combustion conditions, which makes the numerical modelling challenging. In the present research, the yields of CO and HCN during the combustion of a non-flame-retardant FPUF were determined using a steady-state tube furnace (SSTF) facility, considering the effect of the ventilation condition. Meanwhile, a pyrolysis and combustion model of FPUF was constructed based on the fire dynamics simulator (FDS), and a four-step chemistry model was proposed to deal with the reactions in the gas phase. The experimental results showed that the yields of CO and HCN both increased with the limitation of ventilation, which was more pronounced in under-ventilated conditions. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation applying the four-step chemistry model predicted the variations in the yields of CO and HCN under ventilated conditions. In addition, when the appropriate kinetic parameters were applied to the reactions governing the oxidation of CO and HCN, the comparative results indicated that the global average deviations between the predicted and experimental yields could be reduced to 13.61 % (CO) and 8.19 % (HCN), respectively.

Analysis of Flammability and Smoke Emission of Plastic Materials Used in Construction and Transport

This study provides valuable data on the specific toxic products that could be released from the commercially used, flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) during a fire. The steady-state tube furnace (Purser furnace) was used to generate combustion and thermal degradation products under different fire conditions. The concentrations of asphyxiates and irritant gases were determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy gas analyser. The volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds released in the fire effluents were collected using the solid-phase microextraction technique and identified by gas chromatography with a mass selective detector. In addition, the thermal stability of the FPUFs was evaluated by simultaneous thermal analysis. The cone calorimetry test was used to determine the flame retardancy of the selected materials. The obtained results show that the emission of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide during the thermal degradation and combustion of the tested foams exceeded the permissible values and pose a serious threat to human life and health. Moreover, substituted benzenes, aldehydes, and polycyclic hydrocarbons were found in the released gases during all of the test conditions.

Experimental investigation on the impact of cable fire products from flame-retardant cables on catalysts used in passive auto-catalytic recombiners

Cable fires in nuclear power plants have a significant probability to occur at any time in the course of a severe accident or may as well be the initiating event of a severe accident sequence. During the combustion process, enormous amounts of aerosols alongside specific combustion gases (e.g. CO, CO2) can be released. Both nature and amount of the cable fire products depend on the combustion conditions. The effect of cable fire products distributing inside the containment and getting in contact with the catalyst surfaces of passive auto-catalytic recombiners (PARs) is of vital interest for safety analyses, in order to assess the hydrogen mitigation efficiency under these conditions.The newly built REKO-Fire facility at Forschungszentrum Jülich combines a flow tube reactor for catalyst investigation with a steady-state tube furnace for the constant generation of cable fire products at varying combustion conditions. That way, simultaneous exposure of 5 × 5 cm2 catalyst samples to cable fire products and hydrogen/air mixtures is possible, enabling to quantify the influence of gaseous and particulate components on the catalysts’ start-up behavior. The installation has been used in the present study to investigate the effect of cable fire products obtained from flame-retardant power cables under three different fire conditions on the start-up of two types of catalysts for hydrogen recombination.For well-ventilated cable fire, neither gaseous nor particulate (mainly soot) cable fire products seem to affect the onset of the catalytic H2 conversion for both Pt and Pd-based catalysts. In under-ventilated fire conditions, the Pt-based catalyst is significantly deactivated, while the only impairment for the Pd-based catalyst is observed at very low hydrogen concentrations. For cable fire products generated from oxidative pyrolysis, the overall picture is ambiguous. On the one side it is obvious that deactivation and start-up delay occur for both catalyst types. However, no clear conclusion can be taken from the experimental data concerning the effect of exposure time. The presence of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere as well as particulate depositions from cable pyrolysis seem to be the most relevant mechanisms for catalyst deactivation and deserve further investigation.

Surface modification of multi-scale cuprous oxide with tunable catalytic activity towards toxic fumes and smoke suppression of rigid polyurethane foam

The development of flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites with low smoke toxicity emission, as well as excellent mechanical properties remains a huge challenge. Herein, a facile wet chemical approach was proposed for the preparation of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) crystals with different sizes, i.e. approximately 5 nm, 100 nm and 1 μm in lateral size, which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Cu2O crystals on the combustion behavior of RPUF was evaluated by cone calorimetry and steady state tube furnace tests. Significant reduction in peak carbon monoxide (CO) production rate (by 41.2%, 67.6% and 27.9%) and total smoke production (21.6%, 16.1% and 12.2%) were realized by the incorporation of 2 wt% Cu2O into the RPUF matrix in addition to a slight reduction in peak heat release rate. Notably, nano-sized Cu2O with high specific surface area is beneficial for the complete combustion of RPUF and the conversion of CO to carbon dioxide (CO2), involving the reduction of Cu2+-Cu+-Cu0 by degraded gases and the oxidation of Cu0-Cu+-Cu2+ by oxygen. This work demonstrated that submicron-sized Cu2O is an effective smoke and toxic gases suppressant for RPUF, which is expected to find practical applications in polymeric materials.

Thermal properties and fire behavior of a flexible poly(vinyl chloride) modified with complex of 3-aminotriazole with zinc phosphate

The complex of zinc phosphate and 3-amine-1,2,4-triazole (ZN3AT) was synthesized by a one-pot reaction and used as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The thermal properties and fire behaviour of flexible PVC with 20 wt% of ZN3AT were investigated and compared with unmodified PVC and PVC with commercial IFR. The thermal stability and burning behaviour were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as cone calorimetry and horizontal burning tests. Furthermore, the analysis of volatile products evolved during the thermal decomposition and burning was performed using TGA and steady state tube furnace, both coupled with FT-IR. PVC containing developed flame retardant exhibits the lowest total heat release and smoke emission of all investigated samples. Materials analysis supplemented with analysis of their mechanical and thermomechanical properties shows that despite the high concentration of the IFR its incorporation did not strongly influence the properties of final products in comparison to pure PVC.

Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Wheat Before and After Mildew

ABSTRACT Biomass Fuel (BF) is a new clean fuel which widely used as an alternative to fossil fuel. In this work, moldy wheat (MW) and normal wheat (NW) are investigated to analyze the influences of mildew on combustion and emission characteristics of wheat. Cone calorimeter results confirm that the fire performance index (FPI) of MW is lower than that of NW and the fire growth index (FGI) of MW has an opposite trend. Smoldering investigation shows MW tends to be self-sustained and easily transfers to flame. It is observed from steady-state tube furnace (SSTF) results that MW has higher smoke toxicity risk. Meanwhile, the smoke toxicity of wheat increases with sample mass and decreases with primary air intake. Besides, main flammable or toxic pyrolysis products, 2-methoxyisopropyl cyanoacetate, furan derivatives, and pentanal, are observed in both NW and MW (higher state) using Thermogravimetry–Gas Chromatography and Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (TG–GC/MS).

Synergistic effect between histidine phosphate complex and hazelnut shell for flammability reduction of low-smoke emission epoxy resin

A novel intumescent fire retardant (FR) system based on ground hazelnut shell (HS) and L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP) was introduced into the epoxy resin (EP) in order to verify their effectiveness as fire retardant. The burning behaviour and smoke emission were assessed with cone calorimeter (CC) and UL-94 tests. Furthermore, the analysis of volatile products evolved during both the thermal decomposition and burning was conducted with the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/FT-IR) and steady-state tube furnace (Purser/FT-IR), both combined with FT-IR with the use of a transfer line. It was found that the system containing 5 wt% of HS and 15 wt% of LHP lead to in the formation of a swollen char with numerous closed cells, which reduced the burning process as well as smoke emission. The obtained results confirm the occurrence of a synergistic effect between the components.

Thermal properties and fire behavior of polyethylene with a mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate as a novel flame retardant

In this study mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate (CUMP) was introduced into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and examined. The thermal effects of the developed materials were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The reaction to fire of the HDPE with a developed flame retardant (FR) was determined by cone calorimetry (CC). The microstructure of the samples and char residues after the CC tests were assessed with a scaning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, the analysis of volatile products evolved during the thermal degradation and burning was performed using TGA (TGA/FT-IR), as well as steady state tube furnace (Purser/FT-IR), both coupled with FT-IR. It was found that the presence of copper catalyzes the degradation process, which may have a beneficial impact on char formation. Degradation in lower temperature range allows shorter hydrocarbon chains to undergo the cyclization process forming more complex aromatic structures, which are significantly more thermally stable and contribute to the formation of the char layer. PE/CUMP formed more char compared to the PE as well as PE with comercial FR. However, some disadvantages regarding smoke emission, connected with long smoldering time, were observed.

PVC-Based Copper Electric Wires under Various Fire Conditions: Toxicity of Fire Effluents.

Ventilation-controlled fires tend to be the worst for toxicity, because they produce large amounts of fire effluent containing high yields of toxic products. In order to examine the dependence of the amount of chosen few main combustion gases under ventilation-controlled conditions, a PVC-insulated copper electric wire with unknown composition (PVC filled with chalk) was studied by mean of a steady state tube furnace. For the tested wire, lower values of CO2 yields at different ventilation conditions were obtained than for the reference pure polymer unplasticized PVC and additionally tested pure LDPE, the yields were higher three times in the case of PVC and two times in the case of LDPE than those received for wire at the same ventilation conditions, which pointed out decreasing contribution of hyperventilation effect to human during cable fire. In contrast, higher values of toxic CO yields, four times higher, were obtained for the PVC-insulated electric wire rather than for the pure polymers. The maximum value of CO yield (0.57 g/g) was determined in the case of 5 L/min of primary airflow and decreased with increasing ventilation. The measured yields of hydrocarbons were similar to the reference values except for the equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.27, where hydrocarbon yield was equal to 0.45 g/g. The HCl yield of fire effluents from the PVC-insulated wire was shown to be independent of ventilation conditions. The corrosive reaction between copper and the HCl species and the flame-retardant mechanisms of the additives, caused the lower values of HCl in the fire effluent of the PVC-insulated copper wire than for pure polymer.

Fire behavior of flame retarded unsaturated polyester resin with high nitrogen content additives

The novel flame retarded unsaturated polyester resins have been developed and prepared by introduction of high nitrogen content additives into the polymer matrix in order to verify their effectiveness in the formation of swollen carbonaceous char inhibiting the burning process of the polymer. The intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) based on mixture or metal complex were developed and characterized by particle size distribution, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (CHN) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The evaluation of the efficiency of IFRs addition on the flammability and smoke emission of the unsaturated polyester resins (UP) was carried out using the fire hazard (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter (CC) tests, as well as smoke density chamber tests. The volatile compounds evolved during the burning of materials were determined using a steady state tube furnace and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. Furthermore, the prepared materials were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis and water resistance tests. The mechanical properties of the materials were investigated using Shore D hardness and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). The structural evaluation of the manufactured materials and samples after the cone calorimetry tests was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the incorporation of new intumescent flame retardants led to the formation of carbonaceous char layers’ inhibiting the decomposition process and limiting the smoke emission. The most promising results were obtained for the resin containing complex designated as ZN3AT, for which the highest reduction in maximum values of heat release rate (419 kW/m2) compared to unmodified polymer (792 kW/m2) were recorded. Apart from that, the prepared intumescent flame retardants affect the cross-linking process as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of the UP.

The effect of OCoAl‐LDH and OCoFe‐LDH on the combustion behaviors of polyvinyl chloride

The effects of the modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) of Co/Al (OCoAl‐LDH) and the modified LDH of Co/Fe (OCoFe‐LDH) on the combustion behaviors of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) during pyrolysis processes were compared and investigated. The thermal degradation and combustion behavior of the PVC composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), and cone calorimetry (CONE). The results indicate that the incorporation of LDHs brought about the improved thermal stability and reduced heat release of PVC composites at a high temperature. The smoke‐suppression properties of the composites are investigated by steady‐state tube furnace (SSTF), and the results indicated that the toxic gases such as CH4, CO, and NxO were inhibited by both of the two LDHs, but the OCoFe‐LDH has a better effect on the smoke suppression. Subsequently, the char layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS) and Raman analysis. The results indicate that the LDHs can promote the dechlorination of PVC during the thermal oxidation process and can inhibit the production of HCl in inert gas. Generally, OCoAl‐LDH and OCoFe‐LDH can be potential catalysts for waste disposal and can improve the fire safety of PVC.

The study of ZnAl and ZnFe layered double hydroxide on the catalytic dechlorination and fire safety of polyvinyl chloride

The effect of OZnAl-LDH and OZnFe-LDH on the catalytic dechlorination, thermal decomposition and smoke suppression of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) during pyrolysis processes was investigated and compared. The thermal degradation and combustion behavior of the PVC composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of LDHs brought about the improved thermal stability and reduced heat release of PVC composites at high temperature. The smoke suppression properties of the composites are investigated by steady-state tube furnace. The results revealed that the toxic gases such as CO, CH4, NOx and N2O were inhibited by both two LDHs, but the OZnAl-LDH has better effect on the smoke suppression. Subsequently, the char layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry and Raman analysis. The results indicated that the LDHs can promote the dechlorination of PVC and form graphitized structures. Generally, OZnAl-LDH and OZnFe-LDH can be potential catalysts for waste disposal and improve the fire safety of PVC.

Thermal Stability, Fire and Smoke Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Modified with Plant Waste Fillers.

The influence of plant fillers on the flammability and smoke emission of natural composites was investigated. Epoxy composites with 15, 25, and 35 wt % of walnut and hazelnut shell, as well as sunflower husk, were prepared and examined. The ground organic components were characterized by grain size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microstructure observations (SEM). The composite materials were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and structural evaluation with scanning electron microscopy. Cone calorimeter tests and TGA determined the influence of plant waste filler addition on thermal stability and flammability. Moreover, the semi-volatile and volatile compounds that evolved during the thermal decomposition of selected samples were identified using a steady state tube furnace and a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer. The intensity of the degradation reduced as a function of increasing filler content, while the yield of residue corresponded to the amount of lignin that is contained in the tested plants. Moreover, the incorporation of agricultural waste materials resulted in the formation of a char layer, which inhibits the burning process. The yield of char depended on the amount and type of the filler. The composites containing ground hazelnut shell formed swollen char that was shaped in multicellular layers, similar to intumescent fire retardants.

Identification of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted during thermal degradation and combustion of triadimenol

Thermal degradation and combustion of pesticides lead to the emission of chemicals that are harmful and dangerous for humans and the environment. The aim of the work was to study thermal decomposition of triadimenol and analyze organic compounds, in particular dioxins precursors released during that process. The thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry method was used to examine the physical and chemical processes occurring under high temperatures in air atmosphere. The application of a simultaneous thermal analyzer combined with an infrared spectrometer allowed to identify substances generated during the experiments. To generate the fire effluents contained in thermal degradation products, the steady-state tube furnace was also used. The gas samples were taken using solid-phase microextraction method. Meanwhile for the detection and identification of released chemicals, the gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer was adopted. The obtained results showed that tested pesticides undergo both thermal decomposition and oxidation during thermal degradation in air. In the gases emitted during thermal decomposition, carbon oxides, hydrogen cyanide and many aliphatic and aromatic compounds were found. However, the main toxic substances identified under all tested conditions were: hydrogen cyanide, 4-chlorophenol and many substituted benzenes and polycyclic hydrocarbons.

Bi2Se3 decorated recyclable liquid-exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets: Towards suppress smoke emission and improve mechanical properties of epoxy resin.

Bimetallic compounds have been proved superior suppression effect on smoke emission during combustion of polymers. In this work, MoS2/Bi2Se3 (MB) hybrids were prepared by a facile wet chemical method and showed superior performance on smoke suppression of EP matrix during combustion. N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) was employed to exfoliate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in a recyclable method, which showed high efficiency and was recyclable. Exfoliated MoS2 exhibited large surface area and used as carriers to synthesize MB hybrids. Considering the catalytic effect of bismuth and molybdenum, the hybrids had a great influence on the smoke emission behaviors of EP composites. The smoke production was obviously suppressed during the flaming combustion (more than 22% and 23% decrease obtained from cone calorimeter and steady state tube furnace, respectively) or smolder processes (more than 23% decrease obtained from smoke chamber) at only 1 wt% content of MB hybrids. What's more, due to superior dispersion state, the addition of MB hybrids also enhanced the mechanical properties of EP matrix, including wear resistance and tensile property. This work provided a safe and green exfoliation method of MoS2 to prepare polymers/MoS2 composites and also constructed a novel binary hybrids for enhancing combination performances of polymers.