Steady-state Temperature Profiles Research Articles

Deduction of the Dimensionless Groups and Type Curves of Temperature Profiles in Two-Layer Soils with Water Flow at Depth

In the common hydrogeologic scenarios of horizontal groundwater flow and a water table below the surface, the steady-state 2D thermal field resulting from the coupling between water flow and heat flow and transport gives rise to a vertical temperature profile that develops progressively over a finite extent of the domain. Beyond this region, the temperature profiles are linear and independent of horizontal position. Such profiles are related to the groundwater velocity so they can be usefully used to estimate this velocity in the form of an inverse problem. By non-dimensionalization of the governing equations and boundary conditions, this manuscript formally derives the precise dimensionless groups governing the main unknowns of the problem, namely, (i) extent of the profile development region, (ii) time required for the steady-state temperature profile solution to be reached and (iii) the temperature–depth profiles themselves at each horizontal position of the development region. After verifying the mathematical dependencies of these unknowns on the deduced dimensionless groups, and by means of a large number of accurate numerical simulations, the type curves related to the horizontal extension of the development of the steady-state profiles, the characteristic time to develop such profiles and the dimensionless vertical temperature profiles inside the characteristic region are derived. These universal graphs can be used for the estimation of groundwater horizontal velocities from temperature–depth measurements.

Performance-Based Design Assessment of Temperature Tenability Condition in a Hotel Atrium

Fire safety risk assessment to prevent loss of human life and property is necessary for complex structures where the traditional prescriptive designs are inapplicable. Maintaining tenable temperature conditions is essential for the safe evacuation of building occupants. This study considered British Standards (BS) 7974 and the Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings to analyze the temperature tenability conditions in the hotel atrium through a performance-based design approach. Further, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, Pyrosim, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), was utilized to simulate a constant Heat Release Rate (HRR) steady state design fire of 5 Megawatts (MW) igniting from the hotel brasserie (ground floor) within the atrium. The researcher used the big design fire of 5MW to generalize the results to similar fires in similar structures. The objective was to conduct a fire safety risk assessment to prevent loss of property and fatalities by activating a smoke management control system with a ‘what if’ condition when the fire suppression system failed to start. Temperature data was collected through the statistical steady state profile, smoke layer temperatures, thermocouples, and 2-dimensional slice temperature recordings. The ground floor, the fire source, was found to have untenable conditions for human survival with temperatures above 2250C, as confirmed by thermocouple and steady-state temperature profile readings. Other floors demonstrated tenable conditions for human survival with temperatures below 400C due to the effect of natural vents and mechanical extractors, which extracted the hot smoke at a rate of 15m/s. The temperature recordings from this study compared well with those from Chew and Liew’s (2000) Computational Fluid Dynamics results, which had fire igniting within the atrium, without sprinklers, and had mechanical extraction fans and a constant Heat Release Rate of 5 Megawatts (MW). The results indicated that the smoke control management system maintained tenable temperature conditions within the hotel atrium, even without the fire suppression system through sprinklers. Considering the design fire size was 5 MW, which was significantly big, the results could be generalized for other hotels or structures with similar designs.

Enhancing the Thermal Dissipation in Batteries via Inclusion of Central Heat Sink

Abstract The generation of heat within the rechargeable batteries during the charge–discharge cycles is inevitable, making heat dissipation a very critical part of their design and operation procedure, as a safety and sustainability measure. In particular, when the heat gets the least possibility to escape from the electrode surface, the boundary of the packaging material remains the sole heat dissipator. In this regard, the heat gets accumulated in the central zone, making it the most critical, since it has the least possibility to escape to the surroundings. Anticipating such a heat trap, a central heat sink component is devised, where the role of its conductivity and the relative scale is analyzed based on the formation of transient and steady-state temperature profiles. Additionally, an analytical solution is attained for the location of the maximum temperature, where its value and correlation with the electrolyte conductivity, heat generation rate, and scale of the cell have been quantified. Due to the existence of the curved boundaries, it is shown that the time versus space resolution for capturing the transient evolution of the temperature is more strict than the flat surface and analytically acquired as ≈33% smaller value. Such enhanced design and subsequent analysis are critical for planning sustainable and cost-effective packaging to avoid the ignition and failure of the respective electrolyte.

Numerical analysis of pumped two-phase loop: Characterization of steady-state performance

With growing heat dissipation from advanced electronics, two-phase cooling promises effective and unmatched cooling. A pumped two-phase loop (P2PL) can acquire high power and heat flux from the electronics (heat source) and transport and dissipate it to a heat sink with small total thermal resistance at negligible pumping power consumption because of highly effective phase change (boiling and condensation) heat transfer. Owing to many advantages, in recent years, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to understanding fundamental mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in phase change heat exchangers (evaporators or condensers) at a component level. However, there is little work done for an entire two-phase cooling system as a closed loop which is essential to study the system performance characteristics and the contributions/interactions of each component to the system performance. A comprehensive thermal–hydraulic flow network model was developed to study the system performance characteristics. The pressure variation of the P2PL was calculated by considering the compressibility of the vapor volume in the P2PL to account for the effect of the amount of vapor in the system. The numerical results on the thermal and hydraulic performance characteristics of the P2PL for various operating and design parameters – evaporator heat load, mass flow rate, heat sink temperature, and microchannel dimensions – are discussed. It was found that the numerical results match well with the measured steady-state temperature and pressure profiles of the P2PL. The study also highlights the trade-off between the total system thermal resistance reduction and the increased pressure drop (pumping power) with an increase in mass flow rate. It was also found that the microchannels with smaller hydraulic diameters had significant heat transfer enhancement in the evaporator but poor system performance.

Directly irradiated fluidized bed autothermal reactor (DIFBAR): Hydrodynamics, thermal behaviour and preliminary reactive tests

The advancements of the Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) technologies in the heat and power sector are pushing researchers to find new ways to exploit solar energy. Solar-driven thermochemical processes can open new scenarios and set a milestone towards a greener industry. This paper presents the development of a Directly Irradiated Fluidized Bed Autothermal Reactor (DIFBAR), that exploits fluidization technology and the principle of an autothermal reactor to carry out solar chemical processes with high efficiency. The viability of recovering the sensible energy of the solid products to preheat the reactants is studied in an experimental prototype that couples a cavity receiver/reactor and a countercurrent double-pipe heat exchanger. The prototype is operated as a circulating fluidized bed: the inner tube of the heat exchanger is a fluidized bed riser, the receiver works as a gas–solid separator, the outer tube (annulus) of the heat exchanger is an overflow standpipe and a buffer tank (reservoir) connects the annulus to the riser, closing the loop. The reservoir can also be operated as a fluidized bed reactor like in a dual-fluidized bed system. The first experimental results are reported using a Geldart B sand as bed inventory. A hydrodynamic study has been carried out to verify proper control of the system. Solid circulation rates have been determined and match the design target of 1.4 g/s. Pressure measurements have been used to control bed levels and the flow of the sand through the standpipe. The effects of gas velocities and outlet pressure drops are reported. Internal gas flow patterns have been determined by a gas tracing technique. Undesired gas by-passing streams are very small and can be zeroed by regulating the operating conditions. High temperature experiments have been conducted with a high-flux solar simulator under inert and reactive conditions, to prove the operating principle of the reactor. Steady state temperature profiles have been analyzed to assess the performance of the heat exchanger: the heat transfer coefficient ranges between 340 and 490 W/(m2 K). The operability of a solar-driven chemical process has been proved by calcining a batch of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) particles, added to the inventory.

Single-track thermal analysis of laser powder bed fusion process: Parametric solution through physics-informed neural networks

Modelling the highly localised and rapid phenomena occurring during metal additive manufacturing (MAM) processes such as the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) demands the adoption of very fine time- and space-discretisation and therefore high computational cost for the classical simulation approaches, namely the finite element method (FEM). Particularly, when the solution is required for a range of scenarios, e.g. in sensitivity or optimisation analyses, computation costs of such simulations are not affordable. As an alternative strategy, this study explores the application of physics informed neural networks (PINNs) as a low-cost physics-based simulation approach for the thermal analysis of the LPBF process, through which reliable transient and steady-state temperature profiles for single-track LPBF depositions are achieved. An unsupervised learning strategy is employed for PINNs to parametrically solve the heat transfer equation for the LPBF process. The trained PINNs calculate the temperature profiles and the melt-pool dimensions evolving during the LPBF process for any given set of material’s thermal properties and process conditions at practically zero computational cost. The reliability of the PINNs outcomes is verified through ground-truth data generated based on several benchmark equivalent finite element simulations.

Investigating the relaxation of small craters emplaced on solidified melt sheets on the Moon

Larger impact craters and basins on the Moon display a persistent discrepancy in crater size frequency distributions between their interior melt surfaces and exterior ejecta blankets. The population of smaller craters <1 km across used to date the melt and ejecta surfaces often indicate younger surface ages for the melt surface, even though the two should be the same age having formed at the same time from the initial impact. This work investigates the possibility of removal or deformation of these small craters by topographic relaxation via the solid-state creep of lunar mare and highlands materials that have formed on a warm but recently solidified melt sheet on the Moon. We first determine the thermal state of a solidified volume of melt as it cools from the surface to a melt interface at depth that is thick enough to accommodate the emplacement of craters 200 m or 500 m in diameter. We then examine the extent of topographic relaxation under a favorable steady state temperature profile using material rheologies for the applicable lunar materials under lunar gravity. Ultimately, our simulations show that despite elevated thermal conditions that are favorable to relaxation, the low stress state and stiffness of the material rheologies inhibit any significant crater deformation, with displacements <1 m over 10 kyr. This finding suggests that other mechanisms such as self-secondary cratering or target material contrasts, among others and possibly in combination, are likely responsible for the discrepancy in CSFD ages between the melt and ejecta surfaces.

Plasmonic stimulation of gold nanorods for the photothermal control of engineered living materials

Engineered living materials (ELMs) encapsulate microorganisms within polymeric matrices for biosensing, drug delivery, capturing viruses, and bioremediation. It is often desirable to control their function remotely and in real time and so the microorganisms are often genetically engineered to respond to external stimuli. Here, we combine thermogenetically engineered microorganisms with inorganic nanostructures to sensitize an ELM to near infrared light. For this, we use plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNR) that have a strong absorption maximum at 808 nm, a wavelength where human tissue is relatively transparent. These are combined with Pluronic-based hydrogel to generate a nanocomposite gel that can convert incident near infrared light into heat locally. We perform transient temperature measurements and find a photothermal conversion efficiency of 47 %. Steady-state temperature profiles from local photothermal heating are quantified using infrared photothermal imaging and correlated with measurements inside the gel to reconstruct spatial temperature profiles. Bilayer geometries are used to combine AuNR and bacteria-containing gel layers to mimic core-shell ELMs. The thermoplasmonic heating of an AuNR-containing hydrogel layer that is exposed to infrared light diffuses to the separate but connected hydrogel layer with bacteria and stimulates them to produce a fluorescent protein. By tuning the intensity of the incident light, it is possible to activate either the entire bacterial population or only a localized region.

Integrated thermal reforming and electro-oxidation in ammonia-fueled tubular solid oxide fuel cells toward autothermal operation

Ammonia has emerged as an attractive potential hydrogen carrier due to its high energy density, storage and transportation ability as a liquid, and its carbon-free nature. Direct utilization of ammonia in high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been demonstrated over the past decade. Concurrence of integrated endothermic ammonia decomposition and exothermic electrochemical hydrogen oxidation enables efficient heat integration. In this study, the experimental analyses of axial temperature and concentration profiles along an intensified tubular SOFC (t-SOFC) fed directly with ammonia are performed to investigate spatially resolved thermal and concentration effects of the coupled ammonia decomposition and hydrogen oxidation reactions under varying electrical loads and operating conditions. Fast ammonia decomposition over the supported Ni catalyst is evident at the inlet of the t-SOFC and complete ammonia conversion is confirmed above 600 °C. It is found that the direct ammonia-fueled t-SOFC and an equivalent hydrogen-nitrogen fueled t-SOFC provide identical performances. The steady state temperature and concentration profiles validate that the efficient heat integration inside an ammonia-fueled t-SOFC is feasible if the t-SOFC is operated at the temperature of 700 °C and below. A 150-h performance test demonstrates stability and durability of the ammonia t-SOFC.

Multitemperature Modeling of Thermal Transport across a Au–GaN Interface from Ab Initio Calculations

With device dimensions shrinking toward nanoscale sizes, an accurate understanding and modeling of the thermal energy transfer mechanisms at metal–nonmetal interfaces becomes highly desirable. To model the thermal transport across the Au–GaN interface, we developed a general multitemperature model (MTM) that accounts for both electron and phonon transport and allows for a nonequilibrium phonon population described as a sum of thermal distributions of the phonon branches. The model is populated with material parameters computed from ab initio calculations and used to describe the temperature profile across a Au–GaN junction 400 nm in length subjected to constant temperature differential, continuous-wave laser heating of Au, and constant heat flux on GaN. The calculated steady-state and time-dependent temperature profiles reveal strongly nonequilibrium electron–phonon and phonon–phonon interfacial regions created through energy carrier coupling. Our results indicate that a multitemperature-based model is required for the accurate resolving of the thermal energy flow across metal–nonmetal interfaces. Our MTM will advance the theoretical tool to investigate nonequilibrium thermal transport across metal–nonmetal interfaces.

Transport and radiation properties of C4F7N-CO2 gas mixtures with added oxygen

Owing to global and local legislative mandates pertaining to greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, the focus of industries dealing with electrical power management has shifted towards SF6 replacement within electrical or electro-mechanical equipment since 2010. In particular, fluoronitrile- (C4F7N) or fluoroketone- (C5F10O) based gas mixtures have been identified as the most promising candidates for this purpose in both medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The temperature and pressure ranges of interest are 300 K–30 kK and 1–5 bars respectively, which are relevant to the short-circuit current arcing conditions within an MV-GIS. In this work, we focus on a gas mixture with a fluoronitrile mole fraction lower than 20%, with or without O2 having a mole fraction lower than 20% and the rest of the mixture was carbon dioxide (CO2). Throughout this work, we validate our calculation results with published data for 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures at 1 bar and 5 bars and hint at the possible sources of discrepancies. Our local thermodynamic equilibrium based chemical composition results indicate that the addition of 20% O2 to C4F7N-CO2 mixtures significantly reduced CO formation while increasing COF2 formation. However, the addition of 20% O2 induced marginal modifications to the thermodynamic, transport and radiation properties of 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures. Finally, after utilizing the properties database to calculate steady-state temperature profiles for a low-current (10 A) free-burning arc without metallic vapor, we demonstrate that the arc columns of 10% and 20% C4F7N-CO2 mixtures with or without O2 are less diffuse compared to air but more diffuse compared to SF6. We explain the order of diffuse-to-constricted profiles and arc interruption capabilities for different gases in terms of their thermal conductivities and diffusivities.

Effect of layering sequence and ambient temperature on thermal insulation of multilayer high bulk nonwoven under extreme cold temperatures

In extreme cold weather clothing ensemble, multiple layers of high bulk nonwovens are used to provide thermal insulation to the wearer. In this work, the effect of layering sequence in multi-layered high bulk thermal bonded nonwoven assembly on its thermal resistance is evaluated experimentally under sub-zero temperatures. Two multi-layered nonwovens, one made up of 1.4 denier solid (1.4 D S), 6 denier hollow (6 D H) and 15 denier hollow (15 D H) and the second made up of 3 denier hollow (3 D H), 6 denier hollow (6 D H) and 15 denier hollow (15 D H) polyester fibres were studied. The experiments were performed in a climatic chamber in the temperature range of 310 K to 210 K. Numerical simulations were carried out assuming heat transfer through the nonwovens as one-dimensional coupled conduction-radiation. The numerical methodology was developed using theoretical relations available in the literature to estimate the steady-state temperature profiles through the nonwoven layers and were validated using experimental data. The concurrence of experimental and numerical temperature profiles justifies the numerical methodology adopted in this work. Thermal resistance provided by the high bulk nonwoven increases with a decrease in ambient temperature. It is found that the thermal conductivity of nonwoven layers decreases from inner-to outer layers at a given ambient temperature. The heat flux through nonwoven layers, overall thermal conductivity and the thermal resistance of multi-layer nonwoven are independent of layering sequence if the convective heat transfer is extremely low.

Using AGN light curves to map accretion disc temperature fluctuations

ABSTRACT We introduce a new model for understanding AGN continuum variability. We start from a Shakura–Sunyaev thin accretion disc with a steady-state radial temperature profile T(R) and assume that the variable flux is due to axisymmetric temperature perturbations δT(R, t). After linearizing the equations, we fit UV–optical AGN light curves to determine δT(R, t) for a sample of seven AGNs. We see a diversity of |δT/T| ∼ 0.1 fluctuation patterns which are not dominated by outgoing waves travelling at the speed of light as expected for the ‘lamppost’ model used to interpret disc reverberation mapping studies. Rather, the most common pattern resembles slow (v ≪ c) ingoing waves. An explanation for our findings is that these ingoing waves trigger central temperature fluctuations that act as a lamppost, producing lower amplitude temperature fluctuations moving outwards at the speed of light. The light curves are dominated by the lamppost signal – even though the temperature fluctuations are dominated by other structures with similar variability time-scales – because the discs exponentially smooth the contributions from the slower moving (v ≪ c) fluctuations to the observed light curves. This leads to light curves that closely resemble the expectations for a lamppost model but with the slow variability time-scales of the ingoing waves. This also implies that longer time-scale variability signals will increasingly diverge from lamppost models because the smoothing of slower moving waves steadily decreases as their period or spatial wavelength increases.

Scaling laws for two-phase flow and heat transfer in high-temperature heat pipes

Heat pipes are high efficiency passive two-phase heat transfer devices utilizing the cyclical evaporation and condensation of a working fluid to transfer heat between two interfaces. High-temperature heat pipes are used in a variety of applications that require high operating temperatures such as nuclear microreactors, solar thermal reactors, furnaces, and aerospace systems. The high operating temperatures, and the reactivity of certain working fluids such as liquid metals, dictate stringent safety precautions and require high startup costs. The present work describes the scaling laws for two-phase flow and heat transfer in heat pipes and thermosyphons, that allows the use of low-temperature working fluids to study various phenomena in high-temperature heat pipes. Similarity parameters which were obtained from the non-dimensionalized governing equations and constitutive relations were tabulated and discussed. A case study involving the scaling of a microreactor heat pipe for the purpose of investigating the pressure and temperature profiles was given. In addition, a parametric study was conducted on the effects of the liquid and vapor Prandtl numbers on the steady state pressure and temperature profiles.

Flow Analysis of Various Inlet Velocity Profiles on Indoor Temperature for Energy Conservation of HVAC System Using CFD

Energy conservation has been the most popular topic of the modern world. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems consume approximately 10 % of the total energy of world. In order to improve the efficiency of HVAC systems, two dimensional (2D) room with inlet, outlet and heat source has been modeled. ANSYS Fluent has been used for numerical analysis of air flow in a 2D room. User Defined Functions (UDFs), which are coded in C language and hooked in ANSYS fluent, have been used for recording temperature variations and for heat generation within 2D room. Besides studying velocity fields and temperature distributions within indoor environment under specified boundary conditions, reference region for comparative analysis is also selected during Steady State (SS) numerical simulations. During transient analysis, temperature variations of a selected location are recorded for four different scenarios under varying inlet velocity profiles i.e. three for 0°, 30°, 60° angle with 1.3661 m/s velocity and fourth 0° with 2.7322 m/s velocity. Temperature profile of reference region after 1500 sec of transient simulations are compared with the steady state. Temperature profile of the scenario once the air is injected at 30° closely matched with the steady state temperature profile of the selected region. Time for attainment of SS temperature is also measured and compared after transient simulations. SS temperature value was attained twice, first at 240 seconds when the air was injected at 0° with 2.7322 m/s and secondly at 522 seconds when inlet air entered at velocity of 1.3361 m/s at 30°. The power consumption by increasing the fan speed is much higher as compared to the power consumed for changing direction only.

An approach for fatigue life prediction based on external heating

An approach is presented to predict fatigue life and energy dissipation based on the measurement of the electrical power consumption of an external heat source. In this method, the steady-state temperature profile of a specimen experiencing cyclic fatigue test is reproduced simply by externally heating the specimen with an electric coil with a DC source. The results show a direct relationship between the electric power consumption of heating coils and the fatigue plastic energy dissipation. This relationship is used as a tool to predict fatigue life.

Multiscale Simulations of Thermal Transport in W-UO2 CERMET Fuel for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) provides a consistent source of thrust for long space missions. However, fuel development for NTP reactors is a major technological hurdle. Existing modeling and simulation tools developed by the U.S. Nuclear Engineering Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program for power reactors can be leveraged to help accelerate the fuel development. This work is a preliminary demonstration of the application of NEAMS tools to model NTP fuel. Specifically, the fuel performance tool BISON and the mesoscale reactor materials tool MARMOT are used to develop a multiscale model of thermal transport in a W-UO2 CERMET fuel element for NTP reactors. Three-dimensional simulations in MARMOT are used to estimate the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of fresh CERMET fuel at temperatures ranging from 1500 K to 3000 K. The ETC values from MARMOT are then used in BISON simulations that predict the steady-state temperature profile throughout a 61-subchannel hexagonal fuel element. The temperature varies by 83 K throughout the fuel element, with the highest temperature occurring near the outer edges of the element. BISON is also used to show that the temperature profile in prototype fuel elements with fewer subchannels does not vary significantly from that in the 61-subchannel element.

The flow of a micropolar nanofluid past a stretched and shrinking wedge surface with absorption

This research is examining, a continuous, laminar, flow of a micropolar nanofluid through a stretched and shrinking wedge in the presence of heat generation or absorption and applied magnet field over a wedge surface. A number of governing parameters are employed to assess the results. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into ordinary differential equations which were solved numerically by using the Runge Kutta Gill and shooting methods. The steady-state velocity, temperature, and angular velocity profiles are shown graphically. The result showed the effects of nanoparticle concentration, wedge angle, suction and material parameter on velocity, temperature and angular velocity fields.

Automated extraction of physical parameters from experimentally obtained thermal profiles using a machine learning approach

Computational modeling is playing an increasingly important role in designing novel experiments and enhancing existing ones. However, these models require input parameters that are sufficiently accurate in order for the predictions to be quantitatively reliable. Frequently, some of these parameters are not directly measurable or have a large uncertainty. We propose a machine learning approach to automatically extract these uncertain or unknown parameters indirectly from experimental measurements that depend on the combination of parameters in a complex manner. The algorithm iteratively refines the possible range of each parameter based on the mean and standard deviation of the sampling simulations that are at the 10th percentile or lower in error until the convergence criteria is met, which is followed by a multivariate quadratic fit and minimization. To demonstrate its applicability, we apply the algorithm to determine physical parameters during the fitting of temperature profiles extracted from in situ synchrotron measurements of an optical floating zone furnace used for high-temperature crystal growth. We built a thermal transfer model in COMSOL Multiphysics® software that considers an Al2O3 sample that is heated by a power source and thermal conduction and cooled due to natural air convection and thermal radiation. A set of experimentally measured steady-state temperature profiles of a heated Al2O3 sample is used as training data to determine the parameter set using the algorithm, which resulted in a close match. Using this parameter set, we also simulated the time-dependent temperatures, which yielded good agreement to the corresponding experimental measurement. We conclude that the steady-state temperature profiles suffice as training data, eliminating the need for additional in situ measurements of the dynamic experimental state for robust model parameterization.

Measurement of the Curie temperature based on temperature dependent thermal properties

A temperature gradient evaluation method for swift determination of the Curie temperature TC based on thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity as functions of temperature is presented. In an imposed one-dimensional temperature gradient, temperature profiles along the axis of a cylindrical sample are recorded in steady-state and transient states using a photon detector. Transient temperature profiles are evaluated by an inverse numerical method, yielding the temperature dependent thermal diffusivity with a distinct change in slope at TC. The slope of the steady-state temperature profile adjusts according to the local thermal conductivity and changes abruptly at TC. The high-resolution determination of the temperature dependent thermal properties allows the identification of TC by two independent evaluations during a single experimental run, solely relying on data of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. The obtained TC excellently agrees with literature values gained by conventional methods.