Steady Operation Research Articles

Suppressing surface and interface recombination to afford efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells.

The top surface of the perovskite layer and the interface with the electron transporting layer play a key role in influencing the performance and operational stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A deficient or ineffective surface passivation strategy at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface can significantly impact the efficiency and scalability of PSCs. This study introduces phenyl dimethylammonium iodide (PDMAI2) as a passivation ligand that exhibits improved chemical and field-effect passivation at the perovskite/C60 interface. It was found that PDMAI2 not only passivates surface defects and suppresses recombination through robust coordination but also repels minority carriers and reduces contact-induced interface recombination. The approach leads to a twofold reduction in defect densities and photoluminescence quantum yield loss. This approach enabled high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.3% for small-area (0.1 cm2) and 23.8% for large-area (1 cm2) inverted PSCs. Additionally, PDMAI2 passivation enabled PSCs to demonstrate steady operation at 65 °C for >1200 hours in an ambient environment.

Unified Flowing Normality Learning for Rotating Machinery Anomaly Detection in Continuous Time-Varying Conditions.

Intelligent anomaly detection (AD) methods have achieved much successes in machinery condition monitoring. However, the underlying independent and identically distributed assumption restricts their application scopes to steady operating conditions. False and missing alarms would occur when machines operate under time-varying circumstances. In this work, a more challenging time-varying setting is studied, where the working conditions are continuously changing, such that few or no samples are available for model training at one single condition. To tackle this issue, we propose a unified flowing normality learning (UFNL) framework, which aims to capture the flowing normal conditional distribution of time-varying samples and assigns dynamic decision boundary for AD. Specifically, a manifold-based probability density estimation is utilized to guide the adversarial learning process of generative adversarial networks, where adjacent samples are aggregated to approximate the conditional distribution by a conditional generator. Then, a latent normality inversion is proposed to extract the manifold structure from the pretrained generator and to map it into the latent space via a conditional encoder. The reconstruction errors from the encoder and generator can reveal the deviation of signals to the flowing normality. Finally, a condition-aware adaptive threshold selection strategy is proposed, where different thresholds are adaptively assigned for different conditions. Experiments are carried out under two typical continuous time-varying scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can realize accurate fault detection at any operating condition within continuously changing environments.

Optimization and intelligent power management control for an autonomous hybrid wind turbine photovoltaic diesel generator with batteries

In this paper, a critical issue related to power management control in autonomous hybrid systems is presented. Specifically, challenges in optimizing the performance of energy sources and backup systems are proposed, especially under conditions of heavy loads or low renewable energy output. The problem lies in the need for an efficient control mechanism that can enhance power availability while protecting and extending the lifespan of the various power sources in the system. Furthermore, it is necessary to adapt the system's operations to variations in climatic conditions for sustained effectiveness. To address the identified problem. It is proposed the use of an intelligent power management control (IPMC) system employing fuzzy logic control (FLC). The IPMC is designed to optimize the performance of energy sources and backup systems. It aims to predict and adjust the system's operating processes based on variations in climatic conditions, providing a dynamic and adaptive control strategy. The integration of FLC is specifically emphasized for its effectiveness in balancing multiple power sources and ensuring a steady and secure operation of the system. The proposed IPMC with FLC offers several advantages over existing strategies. Firstly, it showcases enhanced power availability, particularly under challenging conditions such as heavy loads or low renewable energy output. Secondly, the system protects and extends the lifespan of the power sources, contributing to long-term sustainability. The dynamic adaptation to climatic variations adds a layer of resilience to the system, making it well-suited for diverse geographical and climatic conditions. The use of realistic data and simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, along with real-time findings from the RT-LAB simulator, indicates the reliability and practical applicability of the proposed IPMC strategy. Efficient load supply and preserved batteries further underscore the benefits of the fuzzy logic-based control strategy in achieving a well-balanced and secure system operation.

Effect of Fuel Reactivity and Operating Conditions on Flame Anchoring in the Premixing Zone of a Swirl Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustor

Abstract Flashback with subsequent flame anchoring (FA) is an inherent risk of lean premixed gas turbine combustors operated with highly reactive fuel. The present study has been performed to characterize flame stabilization in the premixing zone of a lean premixed swirl stabilized burner and to identify critical combustion characteristics. An optically accessible burner was used for experimental investigations under atmospheric pressure and elevated preheat temperatures. The air mass flowrate, global equivalence ratio and preheat temperature were systematically varied to identify critical operating parameters. Hydrogen-natural gas mixtures with hydrogen mass fractions from 15 to 100% were studied to evaluate the impact of fuel reactivity. The air-fuel mixture was ignited with a focused single laser pulse to trigger FA in the premixing zone during steady operation. High speed imaging with OH*-chemiluminescence were applied to observe flame characteristics and evaluate flame anchoring propensity. Flame anchoring limits (FAL) are reported in terms of the minimum global equivalence ratio at which the flame was blown out of the premixing zone within a critical time period. A comparison of characteristic time scales at FAL shows that the main impact during flame anchoring is given by the fuel reactivity and to some ex tent by preheat temperature. A Damköhler criterion is derived from the FAL that allows prediction of FA propensity based on operating conditions and 1-D reacting simulations.

Impact of intermittent operation on photovoltaic-PEM electrolyzer systems: A degradation study based on accelerated stress testing

Integrated systems of PEM water electrolyzers (PEMWE) and photovoltaic (PV) power plants are a promising method for the production of green hydrogen with zero-carbon emissions. Despite their potential, matching the intermittent nature of solar energy with the continuous demand for hydrogen production remains a challenge. In directly coupled PV-H2 systems, the electrolyzer is operated dynamically with frequent load changes and shutdown (SD) periods whereas battery assisted systems enable steady operation at a fixed power rate. In this study, two accelerated stress tests (ASTs) were designed based on the data from a 100 kWp PV plant to mimic failure under real-life conditions in a single cell PEMWE. The first AST represents a time-accelerated PV-profile that depicts power imbalances during daytime and idle periods at night, where the cell is kept at open circuit voltage (OCV). In the second AST, the SD periods are compensated by a protective current of 0.3 A cm−2 to simulate a battery assisted system. A thorough electrochemical and physical characterization revealed a correlation between SD periods and the accelerated degradation of PEMWE components. With regard to the battery-supported AST, a lower degradation rate of ∼3 mV h−1 at 1 A cm−2 compared to ∼11 mV h−1 for the intermittent operation was recorded.

Research on the dynamics of transitional regimes in an inertial screen with two motor vibrators

Purpose. Analysis of mathematical models of vibrating screens, using the theory of oscillations and mathematical modeling to study the impact of initial start-up parameters and the dynamics of transient processes on the operation of the screen. Methodology. This research is dedicated to the analysis of mathematical models that describe the startup process and subsequent operation of a vibratory screen. Methods of oscillation theory, system dynamics, and mathematical modeling are applied to analyze the vibratory processes of screens. Special attention is given to studying the impact of initial startup parameters on the operation of the screen, including amplitude, frequency, and phase of oscillations. Within the framework of this work, detailed graphs are constructed that reflect the displacement of different points of the structure, as well as the trajectories of their movement during operation, using the Mathcad software. Results. Transitional modes of startup and steady operation are analyzed, with motion dynamics equations for both phases detailed. Displacement graphs for key screen points over time and changes in screen movement across operational modes are highlighted. Scientific novelty. The study defines a mathematical model for the motion of a screen with two motor-vibrators during startup and steady operation. It introduces a graph showing the screen points' displacement over time, from startup to steady mode, and illustrates the trajectories of these points under various operational modes. This research advances material classification techniques, enhancing process optimization and equipment efficiency. Practical significance. This research enhances vibratory material sorting by analyzing screen dynamics across operating modes, leading to optimized workflows, lower energy use, and improved sorting efficiency. It also bolsters equipment reliability and reduces the risk of failures, cutting down on maintenance and repair expenses.

Vibration control of a P1 mild hybrid powertrain

In hybrid powertrains, the engine excitation induces the vibration issues especially during transients of engine turning on and off as well as steady operating cases with high engine load in low rpm. In this paper, we design an integrated active flywheel with 48V motor to replace alternator and starter and suggest to cancel out the engine rolling as well as the torsional vibration. The phase based repetitive control law has been employed to control over the higher engine orders in addition to its ease of implementation. First, it is shown in the firing engine bench that both the torsional vibration and the rolling excitation of engine has been simultaneously reduced with a small fraction of total power consumption. With the combination of the 48V power systems and small modifications, the developed system has been implemented using a mass produced belt type Mild HEV vehicle and proved to operate successfully in terms of vibration control as well as the Mild HEV functioning.

PERBAIKAN PERFORMA MESIN AUTOMATIC VEHICLE DENGAN FUEL-BOOSTER RACING

The performance enhancing engine of automatic vehicle experimentally investigated by adding a fuel-booster. The study aims to improve the combustion matic engine Honda by adding the fuel addictive reactant. The existence of fuel-addictive reactants enhances engine combustion. Besides that, the high octane number of fuel could be optimized during chemical reactions. Thus, the study investigates the matic motorcycle engine at steady operation. The experiment methods vary the fuel additive concentration. The fuel addictive varied is Eco racing to percentile. Thus, the engine performed by varying sparks (racing spark and standard spark). The engine of matic motorcycle is investigated. The engine performance is studied at the stand dyno test. The specific fuel consumption is scaled by a litre of Pertalite. The gas emissions were probed by a gas analyser. The investigation is conducted by three time replication. The result shows the fuel-addictive reactant (Eco racing) performs the best contributions during an iridium spark installed at the engine. Thus, the engine power was detected at 7,5 Hp. Torque resulted by 26,68 Nm; specific fuel consumption was at 0,048 gram,/Hp.s. Engine-Rpm of 6000 emits CO 0,27%, HC 147 ppm, CO2 12,0 %, dan O2 20,84 %. Those gas concentrations are still lower and acceptable due to their concentration being lower than that in the national emissions standard.

Steam recovery from flue gas by organosilica membranes for simultaneous harvesting of water and energy

Steam recovery from the spent gases from flues could be a key step in addressing the water shortage issue while additionally benefiting energy saving. Herein, we propose a system that uses organosilica membranes consisting of a developed layered structure to recover steam and latent heat from waste. Proof-of-concept testing is conducted in a running incinerator plant. The proposed system eliminates the need for a water supply while simultaneously recovering latent heat from the waste stream. First, the long-term stability of an organosilica membrane is confirmed over the course of six months on a laboratory-scale under a simulated waste stream. Second, steam recovery is demonstrated in a running waste incinerator plant (bench-scale), which confirms the steady operation of this steam recovery system with a steam recovery rate comparable to that recorded in the laboratory-scale test. Third, process simulation reveals that this system enables water-self-reliance with energy recovery that approximates 70% of waste combustion energy.

Operational status monitoring of smart grid and power communication network coupling and collaboration based on multi-head attention mechanism

Smart grid is an organic combination of traditional power grid and advanced digital communication technology, and power communication network plays a vital role in ensuring its steady operation. However, as the coupling correlation between the smart grid and the power communication network increases, the propagation of coupled network failures may constitute a great threat to the safe and stable operation of the power system. To address this phenomenon, based on the algorithm of the multi-head attention mechanism (MHA) and convolutional neural network (CNN), this paper proposes a framework that integrates the multi-head attention mechanism with the convolutional neural network (MHA-CNN) for the monitoring of the coupling network’s operation status. In the proposed algorithm, Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) is used to extract the intrinsic features of the operational data, and MHA employs multi-subspace analysis and extracts the key feature information of the fault data to maximize the fault information extraction and help the system to discover the fault as soon as possible. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively realize a better detection speed and higher detection probability compared with CNN and ResNet-50, and maintain certain robustness under poor transmission conditions, ensuring the steady operation of the coupled network.

Effectively boosting hydration capacity and oxygen reduction activity of cobalt-free perovskite cathode by K+ doping strategy for protonic ceramic fuel cells

Development of triple-conducting cathode can extend the electrochemically active region to the entire cathode to more effectively promoting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a cobalt-free perovskite Sr1.75K0.25Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ (SKFM) was developed as a single-phase triple-conducting cathode material for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). Introduction of K into Sr-site leads to a 21.54 % increase in the hydration capacity compared to the undoped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ (SFM). The bulk diffusion coefficient and surface exchange coefficient of SKFM are 3.8 and 5.2 times higher than those of SFM at 550 °C, respectively. XAS and EPR results demonstrate that the average valence state of Fe and the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies in SKFM are higher than those in SFM. The polarization resistances (Rp) value of SKFM cathode in wet air is 0.06 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, while it is 0.11 Ω cm2 for SFM cathode, which is reduced by 45.5 %, indicating significantly improved ORR activity. The Rp is dominated by the adsorption and diffusion process of oxygen associated with low-frequency part in wet air. The single cell with a configuration of Ni-BZCY4/21-μm-thick BZCY4/SKFM delivers a power output of 1000.8 mW cm−2 in wet H2 at 700 °C and steady operation at 600 °C for a total of 100 h.

Robust CoP@NiFe LDH/Ni heterostructured electrodes for efficient overall water splitting with high current density

Alkaline water electrolysis techniques have enormous potential for industrial-scale hydrogen generation, but a lack of effective and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts capable of steady high-current density operation has hampered progress. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been considered promising OER electrocatalysts, but their poor electrical conductivity impedes hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Integrating LDHs with transition metal phosphides (TMPs) can potentially achieve bifunctional capability by overcoming individual limitations. Herein, CoP@NiFe LDH/Ni heterostructured catalyst was rapidly synthesized by a scalable two-step electrodeposition method. The integration of NiFe LDH with CoP enhanced its electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, electron transfer occurred from the metal atoms to the more electronegative phosphorus, facilitating phosphorus to act as a proton acceptor and expedite the HER process. Benefiting from the synergistic integration and optimized electronic structure, CoP@NiFe LDH/Ni exhibited excellent alkaline water-splitting performances with low overpotentials of 260 mV for HER and 351 mV for OER at 400 mA/cm2. The CoP@NiFe LDH/Ni two-electrode-based alkaline electrolyzer displayed a cell voltage of 2.13 V and stable operation for 100 h at a high current density of 1000 mA/cm2. This work elucidates a strategy to tackle critical challenges impeding the design and preparation of high-current-density tolerant bifunctional electrocatalysts.

The impact of gas flow channel design on dynamic performance of a solid oxide fuel cell

The fast dynamic response of fuel cells is very important in load-varying applications. The design of gas flow channels has a significant role in fuel cells’ performance. The impact of channels’ geometry on the steady operation of fuel cells has been widely studied; however, the literature lacks research on the effects of channel design on the dynamic response of fuel cells. The present study investigates the effects of channel design on the transient response of a solid oxide fuel cell. In this regard, three most common types of channel design alterations (changing the width-to-height ratio of rectangular cross-section, changing the cross-sectional shape of the channel, and tapering the channel cross-section toward the channel outlet) are considered. The results reveal that decreasing the channel width-to-height ratio, replacing the rectangular cross-section with a triangular one, and converting the straight channel into a tapered one, reduce the power response time by up to 54.2%, 7.1%, and 41.4%, respectively, depending on the operating conditions. It is also observed that channel tapering is the only channel design alteration that improves both steady and unsteady operations.

Structures and compositions of biofilms in moving bed biofilm reactors pretreated by four drying methods

Research has so far paid little attention to the impact of the drying method on the structural and compositional analyses of biofilms from moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). To ensure that the biofilm was derived from a steady operation phase of the MBBR, in this study, stable values of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), PO43-, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia–nitrogen (NH4-N), NO3-N and NO2-N concentration, and the biofilm dry weight were obtained after 22 d of operation. Four drying methods (supercritical CO2 drying, vacuum freeze-drying, heat drying, and natural drying) were used to pretreat the biofilms, and the changes in biofilm structures and compositions were investigated in detail. The supercritical CO2 drying and vacuum freeze-drying both maintained the biofilm compositions, while vacuum freeze-drying increased the average pore diameter of the biofilm more than five times that of the biofilm obtained by supercritical CO2 drying. In addition, heat drying and natural drying both damaged the structures and compositions of the biofilms, and heat drying in particular could cause structural collapse, surface charge declines of at least 20%, C and N elemental losses, and biomacromolecule (proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids) losses. The results from this investigation will aid in elucidating the appropriate drying methods for analyzing biofilm structures and compositions.

Characterization of cavitation zone in cavitating venturi flows: Challenges and road ahead

Dynamic features of a cavitating venturi have been a topic of investigation for the past few decades. This review presents state-of-the-art of experimental and numerical studies in cavitating venturi to address the challenges in understanding flow behavior and developing reliable numerical models. Many experimental studies have shown that two strongly coupled mechanisms, namely, Re-entrant Jet and the bubbly shock influence the cavitation zone behavior. We provide pointers from the past and recent studies to the influence of geometry and operating conditions, introducing changes in cavity oscillation. From an operational viewpoint, the modeling studies need to predict four crucial parameters related to its steady and dynamic operation: choked mass flow rate, operating pressure ratio range, cavitation length, and frequency of cavity oscillations. In this paper, we discuss the possible ways to properly configure a one-dimensional (1D) model, which can be a handy tool for extracting the key integral parameters. Realistic predictions require direct numerical simulations, which is not always an economically viable option. Recent three-dimensional (3D) simulations with compressible formulations for flow field and a cavitation model coupled with large eddy simulations to handle turbulence have achieved some success in predictions. Many simplified approaches have been popular. In this paper, we systematically bring out the predictability limits of popularly used mixture models coupled with cavitation and turbulence in more commonly studied two-dimensional (2D) and fewer three-dimensional geometries. Two-fluid models could provide answers, but further studies are required to mitigate the modeling challenges and to enable realistic predictions of the steady and dynamic features of this elegant flow control device for a chosen application.

Нестаціонарна математична модель розподілу температур в шарах соняч-ної панелі

This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of non-stationary temperature fields in a typical solar panel under real environmental conditions. The mathematical model is based on a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The model takes into account radiation losses from the surface of the panel, which are determined by the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and convective losses due to free and forced convection. The solar flux density was considered constant, but its value depended on the solar panel setting angle. The temperature dependence of the solar cell efficiency was calculated using a standard method. A computational algorithm was developed in C++ using standard mathematical libraries with a linearization of the system of ordinary differential equations. The results were visualized using the gnuplot graphing utility. The temperature distribution in each of the solar panel layers was obtained as a function of the ambient temperature. It was found that an increase in the ambient temperature leads to a significant decrease, up to 40%, in the solar panel efficiency. With increasing ambient temperature, the time of transition to steady operation increases. The solar panel temperature was related to the blackness degree of the protective glass. It was shown that in the Kirchhoff approximation it is necessary that the blackness degree of the selective coating of the protective glass be a maximum, which reduces the temperature of the system and increases its efficiency. The solar panel temperature was related to the wind speed. It was shown that the convective losses increase with the wind speed, which has a favorable effect on the solar panel temperature regime. The results of the study showed the effect of various external environmental factors on the temperature regime of a solar panel and a way to maximize its efficiency by optimizing its parameters. The results may be used in the development and production of improved solar panels with minimum temperature effects on their efficiency.

Design and Development of Wind Power Refined Simulation Software

A challenge to the steady operation of the system as well as the design, operation, and maintenance of wind power is posed by the wind power industry's rapid development and the rate at which wind power is incorporated into the power system. This work creates high-quality simulation software for wind power to address the complicated modeling requirements brought on by significant wind power penetration. The software implements the functions of fine modeling, offline simulation, real-time simulation, and data analysis and uses Python, Shell, and C++ language programming as its primary programming languages. Additionally, to confirm the software's functionality, this study employs OpenFAST single-unit and three-unit wind field samples. The reality demonstrates how easily real-time simulation software can be implemented and how well it does so. Software also has a cheap time and economic cost, and its application value is considerable.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance Assessment of a Novel Solar-Based Multigeneration System for Electricity, Cooling, Heating, and Freshwater Production

Abstract This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the thermodynamic performance of a novel solar-based multigeneration system, which caters to the energy needs of a sustainable community by producing electricity, cooling, heating, and freshwater. The solar-based multigeneration system is comprised of four main components: the thermal subsystem of the parabolic trough collector (PTC) employing CO2 as a heat transfer fluid, a single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC), a supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) cycle, and an adsorption desalination (AD) cycle with heat recovery employing aluminum fumarate metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbent material. A comprehensive parametric study was performed on the proposed solar-based multigeneration system by varying key parameters to evaluate its performance. It is found that the thermal and exergy efficiencies of a PTC were evaluated to be 68.35% and 29.88%, respectively, at a fixed inlet temperature of 225 °C and solar irradiation of 850 W/m2 and also a slight reduction in the ARC cycle when examining the variation in the thermal and exergetic COPs for the generator temperature. Additionally, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of electricity, cooling, and heating were determined to be 20.41% and 21.93%, 41.34% and 3.51%, and 7.14% and 3.07%, respectively, at the operating condition. The maximum specific daily water production (SDWP) value of 12.91 m3/ton/day and a gain output ratio (GOR) of 0.64 were obtained under steady operating conditions in the AD cycle.

Performances and mechanisms of the peroxymonosulfate/ferrate(VI) oxidation process in real shale gas flowback water treatment

Shale gas flowback water (SGFW), which is an inevitable waste product generated after hydraulic fracturing during development, poses a severe threat to the environment and human health. Managing high-salinity wastewater with complex physicochemical compositions is critical for ensuring environmental sustainability of shale gas development. Desalination processes have been recommended to treat SGFW to adhere to the discharge limits. However, organic fouling has become a significant concern in the steady operation of desalination processes, and the effective removal of organic compounds is challenging. This study aimed to develop an effective oxidation method to mitigate membrane fouling in real SGFW treatment process. It adopted the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)/ferrate (Fe(VI)) process, involving both free and non-free radical pathways that can alleviate the negative effects of high-salinity environments on oxidation. The operating parameters were optimized and removal effects were examined, while the synergistic oxidation mechanism and organic conversion of the PMS/Fe(VI) process were also analyzed. The results showed that the PMS/Fe(VI) process exhibited a synergistic effect compared with the PMS and Fe(VI) processes alone, with a total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of 46.8% under optimal reaction conditions in real SGFW. In the Fe(VI)/PMS process, active species such as Fe(V)/Fe(IV), ·OH, and SO4−· were jointly involved in the oxidation of organic matter. Additionally, 99.5% of the total suspended solids and 95.2% of Ba2+ in the SGFW were removed owing to the formation of a coagulant (Fe3+) and SO42− during the reaction. Finally, an ultrafiltration membrane fouling experiment proved that oxidation processes can increase the membrane-specific flux and alleviate fouling resistance. This study can serve as a reference for the design of real SGFW treatment processes and is significant for the environmental management of shale gas development.

Simultaneous enhancement of energy storage performance and thermal stability of NaNbO3-based ceramics via multi-scale modulation

More and more attention is being paid to the environmental friendliness of the dielectric capacitors, which have a rapid charging and discharging speed and steady operation. However, the low recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) limits the practical application of dielectric capacitors in solid-state energy storage devices. In this paper, (1–x) (0.92NaNbO3-0.08Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3)-xSrTiO3(x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) energy storage ceramics were fabricated based on various strategies such as nanodomain engineering, component and grain size optimization. Thus excellent energy storage performance (Wrec ∼ 6.0 J/cm3, η ∼ 81.0%) was obtained in NN-BMT-0.15ST. SrTiO3 could enhance the internal disorder, improve the relaxation properties and increase the breakdown field strength of ceramics. Signifi-cantly domain relaxor behavior, as evidenced by Vogel-Fulcher (V-F) model, provides strong evidence for restraining early polarization saturation. In addition, Pulse charge/discharge tests have illustrated that the sample has excellent and stable charge/discharge performance (CD ∼ 1,068.9 A/cm2, PD ∼ 96.1 MW/cm3, t0.9 ≈ 0.99 μs) It is concluded that there is a huge prospect of NN-BMT-0.15ST ceramics as a kind of pulsed-power-storing electronics.