Status Variables Research Articles

Investigation of the Relationship between Character Structures and Mental Toughness of High School and University Students Doing Fencing Sports

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between character structures and mental toughness of high school and university students doing fencing sports. Survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, has been used in the study. The sample of the research consisted of 286 active licensed fencing athletes who have competing in the classifications of the Turkish Fencing Federation and studying at high schools and university. As a data collection tool in the study Personal Information Form, Sport Character Scale (SCS) Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) has been used. In the data analysis, independent group t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Tukey HSD multiple comparison test, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient test have been applied.
 As a result of the research; average of sports character scores of high school and university athletes; gender, age, education level, branch and nationality status variables have found to be significantly different. It has been specified that there wasn’t significant difference in the fencing experience period variable. Mental toughness score averages in sports; gender, age, education level, branch, fencing experience period, nationality status have found to be significantly different. It has been determined that there is a low and moderate positive and significant relationship in some sub-dimensions of the Sports Character Scale and Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire.

여성농업인의 공동경영주 지위 인식이 농업매출액에 미치는 영향 분석

This study analyzed the impact of ffemale farmers' recognition of co-ownership status on agricultural sales of farms, using raw data from the 2018 Survey on the Status of Women Farmers. To solve the endogeneity problem of the co-manager status variable, Two-Stage Least Squares estimation(2SLS) was estimated, and the 2SLS Quantile Regression model was used to analyze the economic effect of female farmers' farming status by sales volume. As a result of the analysis, middle-aged female farmers in their 50s and 60s with a high proportion of farming activities are acting as co-owners, and the more highly educated female farmers are, the more likely they are to perceive themselves as co-owners. When all other conditions were the same, the agricultural sales of farms owned by female farmers were 24.4% higher, showing that improving the status of female farmers was significantly contributing to the farm economy. In particular, quantile regression analysis shows that in farms with relatively small agricultural sales, female farmers contribute greatly to the farm economy when they act as co-owners. The smaller the farm, the more likely it is that the status of female farmers will lead to an increase in the farm economy. It appears that supports will be needed to achieve this.

Examination Of The Relationship Between Academicians' Life Long Learning Tendencies And Thinking Styles

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and their thinking styles. Relational descriptive method was used in the research. All academicians working in higher education institutions in the 2022-2023 academic year were determined as the population of the research. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the scale was applied to a sample group of 1554 people, by reaching all universities by means of official letters and e-mails to the institutional e-mail addresses of the individuals. Personal Information Form, “Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale” and “Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Scale” were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were transferred to the statistical package program. In the light of the sub-problems, it was examined whether the scale scores differed in terms of various variables (education level, academic title, field of science). The results were classified according to sociodemographic variables and presented in frequency tables. In accordance with the results obtained from the variables, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman-Brown Correlation Analysis were performed, and Mann Whitney U test was applied to determine the direction of the differences. Based on the findings, it was concluded that academicians have a high level of lifelong learning tendencies. While the lifelong learning tendencies of academicians differ according to the variables of educational status and field of science; did not differ according to academic title variables. It was concluded that the academicians' thinking styles levels were at a moderate level. The thinking styles of the academicians differed in terms of educational status, academic title and field of science variables. It has been concluded that the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and thinking styles is at a significant level in terms of total and sub-dimension scores, generally below the medium level and in a positive direction.

The Effectiveness Of A Nutritional Education-Based Module For Pregnant Women In Preventing Stunting

Background: Maternal intake, especially during pregnancy, is one factor that plays an important role. Improvement of nutrition and health of pregnant women is closely related to the level of education, knowledge, and attitudes in meeting nutritional needs during pregnancy. Explain the Effectiveness of the Module for Pregnant Women based on Nutrition education, Nutritional Status, Knowledge, and attitudes of Pregnant Women in efforts to prevent stunting. Methods: The research design is pre-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test. They are held at one of the Puskesmas in Palembang from June to September 2023. Sampel is pregnant women with inclusion criteria, measuring nutritional status, knowledge, and attitudes of pregnant women before and after intervention with the Pregnant Women Module. Probability sampling variables and research variables of knowledge level, attitude, and nutritional status. The instruments used are questionnaires, and data are analysed with t-test statistics. Results: Based on the T-test, there was a significant influence on respondents' level of knowledge and attitudes after being given treatment. The t-test (2-tail) result > 0.05 showed no significant difference between initial and late nutritional status based on HB measurements. This showed no significant effect of treatment with the module of pregnant women on nutritional status. While nutritional status is based on LILA measurements, The T-test results have a significance value (2-tail) < 0.05. This shows that there is a significant effect of intervention on nutritional status after being given treatment Conclusion: The nutrition education-based module for pregnant women has a significant effect on the level of knowledge and attitudes of respondents. There was an increase in knowledge, attitudes, and nutritional status of respondents after nutrition education. It is hoped that pregnant women, after nutrition education, can understand more about Balanced Nutrition and stunting prevention during pregnancy and after childbirth. They are processing the daily food menu with healthy and nutritious food ingredients so that chronic lack of energy and anaemia do not occur during pregnancy.

Examination of Sportsmanship Behaviours of Physical Education And Sports Course on Students

The study group of the research consisted of 260 students, 143 females and 117 males, who voluntarily participated in the study and were attending Düzce Konuralp Middle School. The "Physical Education Class Sportsmanship Behavior Scale (PEC-SBS)" developed by Koç (2013) was used in the study. The scale is a 22-item 5-point Likert scale with two sub-dimensions: exhibiting appropriate behavior and avoiding inappropriate behavior. The effect of Physical Education and Sports classes on students' sportsmanship behaviors was examined in terms of some variables within the scope of the research. The obtained data was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 package program. Although the normality test result showed that the data was not normally distributed, parametric tests were applied because the data had values between -1 and +1 according to the Kurtosis-Skewness test. ANOVA test was used for three or more variables, and the t-test was used for binary variables in the analysis. According to the results of the statistical analysis, significant differences were found in both sub-dimensions according to the Class variable, and in terms of gender, significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions. However, no significant difference was found in General Sportsmanship Behaviors. In terms of athlete license status variable, no statistically significant difference was observed in General Sportsmanship Behaviors. In terms of the variable of following sports channels, statistically significant differences were found in favor of those who answered "Yes" in both the Avoiding Inappropriate Behaviors sub-dimension and the General Sportsmanship Behaviors. In conclusion, it can be said that Physical Education and Sports class generally have a positive impact on middle school students' sportsmanship behaviors and are an important tool in helping them learn about the concept of sportsmanship

Relationship Between Three Risk Factor Of DM-Pulmonary TB Incident At RSI Siti Aisyah Madiun in 2023

Diabetes mellitus is an infectious disease that has three times the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, body mass index status, and history of TB exposure and the incidence of DM-TB at Siti Aisyah Madiun Islamic Hospital. This research method uses analytic observational research with a case-control. The total respondents in the case group were 32 patients, and the control group had 32 patients for the 2021–2023 period. The research instrument used was a questionnaire and an observation paper. The results of this study were based on age (adj.RR = 5.082, 95% CI: 1.282–20.145, p 0.021), status factor Body Mass Index (BMI) (adj.RR = 0.172, 95% CI: 0.051–0.573, p 0.004), and TB Exposure (p 0,439). The conclusion of this study is that age and BMI status variables have a relationship. So therefore, DM patients should maintain their diet and adopt a healthy lifestyle.

Hospital Care for Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Diseases

Objective: The ideal type of hospital to care for adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients is not well known. Hospital competitiveness, clinical volume and market structure can influence clinical outcomes. We sought to understand how hospital competitiveness affects clinical outcomes in ACHD patients in the era prior to the Adult Congenital Heart Association accreditation program. Methods: Patient discharges with ACHD diagnosis codes were filtered between 2006–2011 from an all-payer inpatient healthcare database. Hospital-level data was linked to market structure patient flow. A common measure of market concentration used to determine market competitiveness—the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)—was stratified into: more competitive (HHI ≤25th percentile), moderately competitive (HHI 25th to <75th percentile), and less competitive (HHI ≥75th percentile) hospital. Any complication, home discharge and mortality were analyzed with clustered mixed effects logistic regression. The combined impact of HHI and any complication on mortality by interaction was assessed. Results: A total of 67,434 patient discharges were isolated. More competitive hospitals discharged the least number of patients (N = 15,270, 22.6%) versus moderately competitive (N = 36,244, 53.7%) and less competitive (N = 15,920, 23.6%) hospitals. The adjusted odds of any complication or home discharge were not associated with hospital competitiveness strata. Compared to more competitive hospitals, mortality at moderately competitive hospitals (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94) and less competitive hospitals (AOR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.98) were lower (p = 0.025). Age, race, elective admission, transfer status, and payer mix were all significantly associated with adjusted odds of any complication, home discharge and mortality (p ≤ 0.05). Having any complication independently increased the adjusted odds of mortality more than 6-fold (p < 0.001), and this trend was independent of HHI strata. Failure to rescue an ACHD patient from mortality after having any complication is highest at less competitive hospitals. Sensitivity analysis which excluded the transfer status variable, showed that any complication (p = 0.047) and mortality (p = 0.01) were independently associated with HHI strata. Conclusions: Whether lower competition allow hospitals to focus more on quality of care is unknown. Hospital competitiveness and outcome seem to have an inverse trend relationship among ACHD patients. Since medical care is frequently provided away from the home area, hospital selection is an important issue for ACHD patients. Further research is needed to determine why competitiveness is linked to surgical outcomes in this population.

A protocol for digital cardiovascular prevention feasibility study using hybrid home blood pressure telemonitoring system

Aim: The DICAP feasibility study aims to determine chronological blood pressure (BP) control status and BP variability up to the end of life in different life settings in the community and their clinical implications. Methods: A simple, easy-to-use automated hybrid BP telemonitoring system combined cellular and Bluetooth BP monitors, the DICAP (DIgital Cardiovascular Prevention) system, was devised to obtain all the different BP values measured in a time series in different settings in 500 community-dwelling individuals in their homes and local elderly care facilities. Expected results and Perspectives: This study will confirm the feasibility of collecting BP variability over time until the end of life for the management of hypertension in all community-dwelling patients, including those unfamiliar with digital technology and those in diverse residential settings, such as elderly care facilities. This feasibility study has the potential to serve as a basis for future community and disaster medicine initiatives worldwide.

Hepatitis C virus cure from direct-acting antivirals and mortality: Are people with and without a history of injection drug use in the same boat? (ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort).

The risk of mortality in people with a history of injection drug use (PHID) is high, as is the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are effective in this population in terms of sustained virological response, it is not known whether PHID benefit as much as people with no history of injection drug use from DAA-related HCV cure in terms of reduced all-cause mortality. Using Cox proportional hazards models based on the ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort data (n = 9735), we identified factors associated with all-cause mortality among HCV-infected people. We tested for interaction effects between drug injection status, HCV cure and other explanatory variables. DAA-related HCV cure was associated with a 66% (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.34 [0.29-0.39]) lower risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of drug injection status. Detrimental effects of unhealthy alcohol use on mortality were identified in PHID only. DAA-related HCV cure led to comparable benefits in terms of reduced mortality in PHID and people with no history of injection drug use. Policies and strategies to enhance DAA uptake among PHID are needed to lower mortality in this population. Clinical trial registration details: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01953458.

Pobreza energética y salud en población gitana y en población general de España

ObjectiveTo quantify energy poverty in Roma population and in general population in Spain, in 2016, as well as to observe the association of this phenomenon with self-rated health, adjusted according to the main socio-economic determinants. MethodEnergy poverty has been defined as the financial inability to keep a home warm, the presence of dampness in the dwelling and falling into arrears in utility bills, using data from two European surveys from Spain in 2016: the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Second Survey on Minorities and Discrimination (EU-MIDIS II). Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated with self-rated health as the outcome variable, progressively adjusted according to demographic (gender and age), environmental (household temperature, humidity and arrears in utility bills) and socio-economic (level of education, marital status and employment status) variables. ResultsOur results show that 45% of the Roma population had moderate or high levels of energy poverty. The odds ratio (OR) of poor self-rated health was higher in the Roma population (OR: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.59–3.74). The inability to maintain an adequate indoor temperature significantly increased the risk of poor health (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.90–2.32). After adjusting according to demographic, environmental and socio-economic variables, no association was observed between the population of ascription and self-rated health. ConclusionsTaking into account the main social determinants, including energy poverty indicators, being Roma is not associated with reporting poor health. This result points to the importance of tackling socio-economic factors, including energy poverty, to reduce health inequalities.

Fish oil users of Greece: reasons, appropriate use and perceived results regarding dietary supplement use

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore differences regarding the reasons, appropriate use, and perceived results relating to dietary supplement (DS) use between DS users who have used fish oils (FO) among other DS (DS + FO) and DS users who have used DS other than FO (DS − FO). Using a stratified random sampling technique, throughout 2018–2019, data was collected via in-person questionnaires. Having used any DS at least once, one was deemed a DS user, defined as “DS + FO” or “DS − FO” if FO were present or absent among the reported DS, respectively. The final sample consisted of 15,608 DS users. Independence between DS use status and categorical outcome variables was determined via Pearson’s chi-square test. Regarding DS users, 48.3 and 32.1% were medically supervised before and during DS use, respectively, with more DS + FO self-assessing themselves during, e.g., blood tests (21.6 vs. 17.1%). More DS + FO used DS systematically for > 1 month (42.9 vs. 30.8%) and selected more reasons for DS use (≥ 3; 47.6 vs. 25.4%). Most DS users experienced no negative outcomes from DS use (73.0%), but at least one positive outcome (95.8%), with DS + FO selecting a higher number of the latter (≥ 2; 55.7 vs. 38.0%). More DS + FO believed that a balanced diet (without DS) could not ensure their desired results (25.5 vs. 20.1%) but displayed a higher prevalence of recommended dietary allowance adherence (82.1 vs. 78.5%) and knowledge of the dangers of DS overuse (53.6 vs. 48.4%). Our study reveals significant differences between DS + FO and DS − FO with regard to their consumer stance and behavior towards DS.

The Relationship Between Pre-School Teachers' Computational Thinking Skills and Their Use of Technology

This research was conducted in 5 central districts of Kayseri province in the 2022-2023 academic year in order to examine the pre-school teachers' levels of computational thinking skills and their attitudes towards using technological tools and the relationship between these two variables. The sample of the study consists of 210 preschool teachers. The survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. "Demographic Information Form”, "Computational Thinking Skills Scale” and "Attitude Scale Towards the Use of Technological Tools in Preschool Education" were used to obtain research data. In this study, pre-school teachers' computational thinking skills and attitudes towards technology use were examined in terms of teachers' gender, educational status, seniority, technology-related education status, and it was tried to determine whether there was a significant relationship between these 2 variables. At the end of the research findings, it was revealed that there is a positive and moderate relationship between pre-service teachers' computational thinking skills and attitude towards technology use. In addition, it was concluded that the pre-school teachers' computational thinking skills and attitudes towards the use of technological tools and equipment did not make a significant difference according to the variables of gender, educational status, professional seniority, and education status related to technology.

Investigation of the relationship between professional commitment levels of classroom teachers and career satisfaction

In this study, the relationship between classroom teachers' professional commitment and career satisfaction was analysed. The research was conducted using relational survey model. The data were obtained with career satisfaction scale, professional commitment scale and information form for classroom teachers. The research was limited to the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample of the study is 290 classroom teachers working in public schools in different cities of Turkey. The data were analysed using ANOVA, t-test, correlation and regression tests. According to the results of the analyses, it was seen that there was a significant difference in the professional commitment of classroom teachers in terms of gender, years of service, place of work and educational status variables. It was concluded that career satisfaction of classroom teachers did not show a significant difference in terms of gender, years of service and place of work variables, but showed a significant difference in terms of educational status variable. It was found that there was a moderate, positive and significant relationship between professional commitment and career satisfaction of classroom teachers. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that approximately 22% of the change in career satisfaction was explained by professional commitment. The findings obtained in the study were discussed and some suggestions were made on the subject.

The relationship between physical activity and stroke in middle-aged and elderly people after controlling demography variables, health status and lifestyle variables.

The increase in the number of stroke patients in China brain has led to the decline in quality of life and the burden of family economic conditions. This study explored the relationship between stroke and physical activity (PA) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese after controlling Demography, health status and lifestyle variables, providing a new basis for the prevention and treatment of stroke in the elderly. The data is from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal study. Five thousand seventy people over 50 years old with complete information on PA, stroke, Demography, health status and lifestyle were included in the analysis. SPSS 27.0 software was used to conduct Z test, logistic regression analysis and linear hierarchical regression analysis on the collected data. The results showed that high-level physical exercise was significantly negatively correlated with stroke (P < .05). After adjusting Demographics characteristics (gender, registered residence type, education level, age, widowhood or not), health status characteristics and living habits (arthritis, bad mood, asthma, hyperlipidemia, disability, memory disease, health self-evaluation, hypertension, smoking, depression), There was still statistical significance (P < .05) between PA and stroke. This study concludes that middle-aged and elderly people with high PA have a lower risk of stroke. In the process of preventing and improving stroke symptoms in the elderly, it is important to maintain high PA while also paying attention to health management and a healthy lifestyle.

The Role of Forgiveness and Self-Esteem in the Explanation of Well-Being

The tendency to focus on people's physical and emotional well-being is now an important area of study in psychology. Well-being is one of the most important concepts in this field and stands out as a factor that makes an individual's life more satisfying and meaningful. In addition to well-being, forgiveness, and high self-esteem are associated with positive situations and experiences. Thus, it would be reasonable to investigate the relationship between these variables. The main aim of this study is to examine how forgiveness and self-esteem explain well-being. To this aim, a model was created, hypotheses were developed, and data were analyzed using multiple regression. The study was conducted with 505 (female=317, male=188) university students. The results of the study show that self-forgiveness significantly and positively explains self-esteem. In addition, self-forgiveness and self-esteem significantly and positively explain well-being. Self-forgiveness also significantly explains well-being through self-esteem. According to the other results, forgiving others explains well-being positively, and significantly, but not significantly by self-esteem. Future studies can test the hypotheses developed by including various psychological (narcissism, depression, empathy, perceived social support) and demographic (age, economic status, marital status) variables in the model.

The effect of demographic and clinical data on anxiety and depression levels in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic and clinical data on depression and anxiety levels in patients who undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer. A total of 111 patients with breast cancer treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital were included in this study. The study was planned prospectively as a survey research based study. Ethics committee approval was obtained. After obtaining the necessary consent for voluntary participation, patients were interviewed face-to-face. The research survey included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), as well as demographic and clinical information. Statistical analysis was performed with the collected data. According to the results of repeated measures analysis of variance, the mean difference between the 3-month and 6-month measurements of the depression scale values on the first day of radiotherapy was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001). Mean differences were statistically notable for age and marital status variables in anxiety and for age, education level, marital status, employment status, family history of cancer, menopause, surgery, chemotherapy and hormone therapy variables in depression. When the change in the presence (&gt; 10 depression scale) or absence (&lt; 10 depression scale) of depression at three different times of radiotherapy (first day, 3 and 6 months) was examined, a statistically notable difference was found between the depression scale values of patients receiving radiotherapy on the first day, 3 months after radiotherapy and 6 months after radiotherapy (P &lt; 0.05). According to the results of our study, the psychological health of women with breast cancer was affected during and after radiotherapy. As a response, psychiatric counseling should be considered as a part of the treatment for depression and anxiety that occur during and after treatment in breast cancer patients.

Inflammatory protein signatures in individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome

There is variability in the metabolic health status among individuals presenting with obesity; some may be metabolically healthy, while others may have developed the metabolic syndrome, a cluster including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms contributing to this metabolic heterogeneity are not fully understood. To address this question, plasma samples from 48 individuals with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 were examined (27 with and 21 without metabolic syndrome). Fasting plasma samples were subjected to Olink proteomics analysis for 184 cardiometabolic and inflammation-enriched proteins. Data analysis showed a clear differentiation between the two groups with distinct plasma protein expression profiles. Twenty-four proteins were differentially expressed (DEPs) between the two groups. Pathways related to immune cell migration, leukocyte chemotaxis, chemokine signaling, mucosal inflammatory response, tissue repair and remodeling were enriched in the group with metabolic syndrome. Functional analysis of DEPs revealed upregulation of 15 immunological pathways. The study identifies some of the pathways that are altered and reflect metabolic health in individuals with obesity. This provides valuable insights into some of the underlying mechanisms and can lead to identification of therapeutic targets to improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity.

Non-financial access to healthcare services in rural areas: A case study of people with disabilities living in Northern Iran

Introduction Access to healthcare for persons with disabilities (PWDs) is an important but often ignored issue for achieving universal health coverage. The current study aimed to investigate PWDs’ access to healthcare in the rural areas in north of Iran. Methods Following a descriptive-analytical design, 471 persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in the Nor city, Mazandaran province, were selected using quota sampling. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire that contained dimensions of time, geography, physical, and acceptability using face-to-face interviews. The findings are provided by central and dispersion indicators and analyses are performed with linear Regression using SPSS version 17. Results PWDs had moderate access to healthcare services in all dimensions. The regression models for access to health services in all four dimensions were significant (p&lt;0.05). The results showed that in the geographical dimension, the variables of marital status, income, receipt of financial aid, supplementary insurance, and type of disability; in the physical dimension, the variables of income, responsibility for taking care of the family, supplementary insurance, and type of disability; in the time dimension, supplementary insurance, home area, and type of disability; and in the aspect of service acceptability, only the variables of type of disability and internet access had a significant effect (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion A small percentage of PWDs had high access to health services. Hence, improving their access to healthcare services, particularly in rural and less developed areas, and developing appropriate policies should be the focus of Iranian policy-makers.

Segmentation of toddler nutritional status using REBUS and FIMIX partial least square in Southeast Sulawesi

Nutrition is one of the important factors that play a major role in the growth and development of children so that they can develop optimally. Child malnutrition, such as stunting, underweight, and wasting, is a significant problem in Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) determined that the nutritional status of children under five in Indonesia is in the chronic category, one of which is in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study examines and analyzes the factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five in Southeast Sulawesi using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) method and then segments the nutritional status of children under five using Response Based Unit Segmentation Modeling in Partial Least Square (REBUS-PLS) and Finite Mixture Partial Least Square (FIMIX-PLS). The number of observations in this study was 216 sub-districts. From the results of the SEM-PLS analysis conducted, it was concluded that the 10 indicators used were valid and significant in describing the latent variables, and the practice factor variable had an effect on the food factor variable, the food factor variable had an effect on the service factor variable, and the service factor variable had an effect on the under-five nutritional status variable. The REBUS-PLS analysis results in two segments, with one segment of 75 observations and the other segment of 141 observations. The same conclusion is obtained as in the SEM-PLS analysis, but the results of the analysis with REBUS-PLS have a greater value than the results of the SEM-PLS analysis. Key points of the article:1.Comparing REBUS-PLS and FIMIX-PLS methods for overcoming the case of heterogeneity in dat.2.Combining the SEM-PLS method with the REBUS and FIMIX methods in discussing the factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five in Southeast Sulawesi.

Association of intradialysis blood sodium level, blood pressure variability, and hydration status with hemodialysis-related headache: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo identify primary factors contributing to hemodialysis-related headache (HRH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsAdult outpatients receiving MHD were prospectively enrolled from a hemodialysis (HD) center of a tertiary hospital in China. Twelve dialysis sessions were successively monitored for each patient. HRH is defined as having at least three headache episodes that begin during HD and resolve within 72 h of HD session completion. Blood gas analysis during headache episodes and body composition analysis after dialysis were conducted. Hour-to-hour vital sign variability during dialysis was assessed using the metric of average real variability (ARV). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors triggering HRH.ResultsA total of 95 Chinese MHD patients were enrolled, with 92 patients (60.9% were males) included in the final analysis. The mean age of the 92 patients was 59.3 ± 17.5 years, and the median dialysis vintage was 27.1 (12–46.2) months. Among them, 12 patients (13%) complained of 42 headache attacks, and eight (8.7%) were diagnosed with HRH. For eight patients with HRH, headache occurred 100.3 ± 69.5 min after the start of dialysis, with a mean VAS score of 4.3 ± 1 points. The quality of headaches was dull (six patients), pulsating (one patient), or stabbing pain (one patient); all the headaches were bilateral, with one having concomitant vomiting. The intradialysis headache duration and the whole headache duration were 98.8 ± 68.1 and 120 (65–217.5) minutes, respectively. Younger age (OR = 0.844, 95% CI 0.719–0.991, p = 0.039), decreased blood sodium level (OR = 0.309 in the range of 133–142 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.111–0.856, p = 0.024), increased ARV of intradialysis systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.067, 95% CI 1.006–9.348, p = 0.049) and ratio of overhydration to dry weight (OR = 1.990, 95% CI 1.033–3.832, p = 0.040) were found to be independent risk factors for HRH.ConclusionsThis study suggested a significant attribution of blood sodium, hydration status and blood pressure variability to HRH.