Ukrainian State Research Articles

Діяльність націоналістичних організацій Харківщини та їх роль у допомозі остарбайтерам

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the national organizations of Kharkiv region in the struggle for independent Ukraine both against the USSR and against Germany during the Second World War and to clarify their role in preventing the export of the Ukrainian Ostarbaiters to Germany. The research methodology is based on the use of the historiographical analysis method, the historical-systemic and problem-chronological method, the method of critical analysis. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the systematization and analysis of materials dedicated to the activities of the nationalist movement in the Kharkiv region was carried out in order to determine the role of national organizations in helping ostarbaiters. Conclusions. A special role in the development of the nationalist movement in the Kharkiv region during the World War ІІ belongs to the Derivative groups of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Kharkiv residents revived the activities of "Prosvita" and organized the "Kharkov Civic Committee". Their main task was the restoration of the independence of the Ukrainian state and the recognition of its legitimacy by the Soviet and German authorities. In Kharkiv, in order to achieve a similar goal, representatives of nationalist organizations tried to occupy positions in German authorities, especially in particular Kharkiv residents. Among the large number of lands captured by Germany, it was Ukraine that became the source of replenishing the labor force for the benefit of the Third Reich. Nationalist organizations contributed to preventing the deportation of the population of Kharkiv region to work in Germany. The activities in this direction of V. Dolenka and M. Gorban, who tried to solve it through their influence on the members of the "Kharkov Public Committee" and "Prosvita", who worked in the bodies of the occupying German authorities, should be highlighted.

The Archival Ucrainica: institutionalization of research

The article shows the development and nature of the concept “Archival Ucrainicaˮ, the process of its introduction into scholarly and public circulation, and maps the process of institutionalization of archival Ukrainian studies as a field of archival and source studies. The history of the development of the concept is related to the period of state formation during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921. The presence of the term “Ucrainicaˮ in the library sphere, as opposed to the archival sphere, is pointed out, as well as the beginning of practical activities of archivists in the return of documents of Ukrainian origin forcibly removed from Russia. The article also presents the formation of the legal basis for the identification, registration and return of archival Ukrainian literature after the restoration of Ukraine's state independence. The text outlines the factors that led to the emergence of Ukrainian archival research: connected with worldview, which guided Ukrainian society toward a non-binding understanding of history and created the need to expand the source base of Ukrainian studies; connected with research, which, against the backdrop of overcoming the artificial limitations of certain fields of archaeology, archival science, sources, historical research and the active formation of the information society, stimulated the development of the concept of creating an information system that would collect information on Ukrainian archival documents; cultural, which realized the need for the spiritual revival of Ukrainians, who had long remained inthe shadow of ideological restrictions, and the establishment of effective scientific and creative contacts with Ukrainians abroad. Attention was paid to the activities of the Main Archival Board of Ukraine, the Central State Archives of Foreign Ucrainica, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Archival and Documentary Studies, and the role of Hennadiy Boriak in the development of Ukrainian archival science was shown. The article also highlights the problems of practical implementation of the tasks of identifying, registering and returning to Ukraine documents of Ukrainian origin.

Роль уряду П. Скоропадського в питанні розвитку й підтримки театру та кінематографа в Українській Державі 1918 р.

The article analyzes the role of Pavlo Skoropadskyi's government in 1918 in the strategic and artistic issue of the development of art, as part of the state-building process in the Ukrainian State of that time, based on archival sources and the scientific work of modern scientists. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, systematicity, scientificity, objectivity in the selection of facts and documents. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, for the first time, with the help of archival sources, specific steps in the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers in 1918 regarding the support and development of art, namely theater and cinematography, as one of the components of culture, were revealed, thanks to both financial support and the awareness of representatives of the government of Pavlo Skoropadsky of the national-patriotic orientation regarding the importance of the development of national art as part of the state-building process. Conclusions. In the conditions of the exhausting First World War and the economic devastation in the state, the government of Pavlo Skoropadskyi attached great importance to the development of art, in particular theater and cinematography. The government considered the sphere of theater not only as an important form of cultural expression, but also as one of the directions of state-building in the development of the national interests of the Ukrainian State, in order to ensure the spread of the Ukrainian language and culture among the population of that time. Cinematography in 1918 was at an early stage of development. However, even then the government understood its potential and recognized the importance of cinema not only as an innovative invention, but as a means of mass information and state propaganda to influence the population. At the state level, mechanisms were developed to support the cinematographic industry and the Ukrainian theater of that time, which were constantly financed by Pavlo Skoropadskyi's Council of Ministers, as evidenced by archival documents. The Cabinet of Ministers of that time was well aware that in order to build a full-fledged state, support in the field of national culture is necessary, and that this is one of the elements of the socio-cultural values ​​of a person, which contributes to the formation of the unity of the nation and lays the foundation of an educated and tolerant society in the future.

Features of physical education and sports rehabilitation for teenagers with hearing impairments

The number of children suffering from partial or complete hearing loss is steadily increasing according to the Worldwide organization protection health. This trend is a cause for concern, as this condition can hinder a child's overall development and social adaptation. The aim of this article was to characterize the features of physical and sports rehabilitation for adolescents with hearing impairments. Scientific publications on physical and health rehabilitation of children with partial or complete hearing loss were analyzed. The effectiveness of physical exercises, massage, the use of technical rehabilitation means, methods of correction of motor disorders, swimming training, and activation of cognitive activity were revealed. It was indicated that hearing impairment leads to underdevelopment of speech, slowing down or specific development of other functions associated with the affected organ, which slows down mental development as a whole. Underdevelopment in the functioning of some sensory organs and the relative preservation of others are also characteristic. A correlation was found between hearing impairments and the characteristics of the development of the emotional sphere, attention, memory, and thinking. Such features negatively affect the quality of life of a child, especially during adolescence, since this stage is considered critical. Attention is drawn to the fact that modern Ukrainian state policy is aimed at the formation and strengthening of democratic egalitarian attitudes, as well as the recognition of each person regardless of their physical, mental, or intellectual state. This leads to the expansion of the infrastructure of social rehabilitation institutions to help families raising children with disabilities. The implementation of this strategy lies in the development of a rehabilitation process that takes into account the individual capabilities of each child with problems in physical, intellectual, social, and psychological status. The conclusion was made about the necessity and relevance of developing a program of physical and sports rehabilitation for adolescents with hearing impairments.

SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN WARTIME (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ODESA CITY COUNCIL)

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that during a full-scale war, the social communications of the authorities acquire special importance. Communication between authorities and citizens takes place at different levels, and various tools are used. When Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, these communications links underwent a significant transformation, some were destroyed. Defending itself against aggression, the Ukrainian state has taken a number of steps in the information sphere. In particular, access to certain resources (state registers, etc.) was closed, as well as access to other open sources was restricted. Such actions caused concern among the active part of the society, because the legal grounds of state authorities and local self-government in this area are not clearly defined. Experts have also drawn attention to this problem. They defined the closure of access to some data posted on the website of the Odesa City Council as unfounded. The purpose of the author of the article was to investigate the methods of communication between representatives of the Odesa territorial community and the city council, its officials and officials during martial law, as well as to determine the level of effectiveness of such communication. The study made it possible to conclude that the remarks made by experts and public activists regarding the unfoundedness of restricting Internet users’ access to the resources of the Odesa City Council have generally been corrected. Most of the pages of the council’s web portal are available, in addition, employees of the relevant divisions of the local self-government body actively maintain social networks of the city council. Among the shortcomings should be attributed the non-working state of hyperlinks to individual resources of the authority, work with interruptions of some sources, as well as duplication of certain information on the Internet resources of the Odesa City Council and the Mayor of Odesa. The achieved results are planned to be developed through a more detailed study of social communications of the Odesa City Council in further scientific articles.

Functions of the Prosecutor’s Office in the mechanism of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state

After Ukraine gained independence, political, economic, social, organizational, legal and other changes began to take place in the Ukrainian state, which affected all spheres of socially useful life. The activity of the prosecutor’s office, which inherited the basic principles of its activity from the prosecutor’s office of the former Soviet Union, could not avoid such changes. Adoption in 1990 of the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of Ukraine and introduction of the Law of October 24, 1990 No. 404-XII of amendments and additions to Chapter 19 «Prosecutorship» of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Ukrainian SSR, the formation of a new independent prosecutor’s office of the Ukrainian state was initiated, in Art. 162 of which it was declared that higher supervision over the observance and correct application of laws by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, ministries, state committees, departments, other bodies of state and economic management and control, the Government of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local Councils of People’s Deputies, their executive and administrative bodies, military units, political parties, public organizations, mass movements, enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of the forms of ownership, subordination and affiliation, officials and citizens is carried out by the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and prosecutors subordinate to him. At the same time, the activities of the prosecutor’s office and their officials did not always receive a favorable assessment of their activity from the citizens, which prompted the state leadership through the reorganization of the prosecutor’s office to make permanent changes that would bring the activity of the prosecutor’s office closer to the best international standards in consistently ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. interests of society and the state. Attention is drawn to the fact that after 2014, as well as the full-scale invasion of Russian military aggression against Ukraine, the functions of the prosecutor’s office underwent significant changes, which requires theoretical research, due to the fact that the reform of the activities of the prosecutor’s office continues even in today’s conditions.

Legal Basis for The Activities of Law Enforcement Agencies Under the Legal Regime of Martial Law

Problematic issues related to the legal basis of the activities of law enforcement agencies under the legal regime of martial law are caused by significant threats to Ukrainian statehood, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. These aspects have become particularly acute after February 24, 2022, as a result of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, which determines the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the study is to determine the legal basis for the activities of law enforcement agencies under the legal regime of martial law in the light of the latest socio-economic, ideological and security issues. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, logical and legal method and forecasting were used in the article. Within the scope of the study, separate organizational and legal principles were singled out, which most widely illustrate the depth of changes in the activities of law enforcement agencies under martial law. The principle of situational implementation of new services to help the population is reduced to the fact that law enforcement personnel provided services to accommodate the population in shelters, provide drinking water and food to vulnerable groups, etc. The rule here is that for there to be an effective content in countering a separation, there is that need in revealing the prism's that exist which will be able in preventing the measures used in preventing armed group which to a greater extent will continue to be a threat in State's building a stable foreign policies.

Ensuring Nuclear Safety in Ukraine in Conditions of War

The ongoing war in Ukraine has significantly raised concerns about the safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs), especially in the context of the Zaporizhzhia NPP. This precarious situation has revealed substantial weaknesses in the existing global nuclear safety framework, emphasizing the need for sweeping reforms in international law. While the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has played a commendable role in advocating for nuclear safety through various resolutions, missions, and safety principles, the effectiveness of these efforts is compromised by Russia’s non-compliance and its ability to exercise veto power in the UN Security Council. Confronting these challenges requires a diverse and comprehensive approach from the international community. This includes revising international legal structures, conducting in-depth studies on nuclear safety in conflict zones, and considering diplomatic initiatives like establishing safety zones around nuclear facilities. Another possible strategy is the deployment of peacekeeping forces, though geopolitical factors currently limit its viability. Resolving the nuclear safety concerns intensified by the Russia-Ukrainian war demands robust legal and political actions, coupled with innovative solutions and global cooperation. Immediate and focused attention is crucial to avert any further escalation that risks a nuclear incident, posing dire threats not only to Ukraine but to the entire international community.

The Ruscist Regime Dooms Russia to Serious Shocks

The article analyzes the development of the Russian Federation during the 33 years after independence. It was noted that during the first years, decisive measures were taken to dismantle the communist regime, all its key institutions, and introduce in its place a democratic and legal system, a market economy on a multi-system basis, the modernization of its leading industries, the development of the socio-economic sphere and the provision of the primary needs of citizens, solving international problems in the country itself.
 In foreign policy, the leadership of the Russian Federation sought to form equal, democratic and mutually beneficial relations, especially with such world centers as the EU and the Atlantic countries. The same principles were initiated in relation to other world regions and states, in particular, in relation to the post-Soviet countries that continued to cooperate within the framework of the CIS.
 Since the beginning of the 21st century, the departure of the Russian Federation from the democratic values developed by Western civilization began, since a number of provisions regarding the transformation of socio-political, socio-economic and national development, which were recommended for borrowing, ran counter to the interests of Russia and contradicted the national idea. In the activities of the new elite of the Russian Federation, their own geopolitical and geoeconomic interests, which were aimed at reviving the positions of the great powers in the world, ensuring the security and integrity of the multinational state, were increasingly strengthened.
 At the final stage of transformational transformations in the Russian Federation, the final establishment of a totalitarian model of the state system took place, the main features of which were: in domestic politics – over-centralism, dictatorship, militarism, revival and development of the Military Industry; on the international arena – revanchist and aggressive policy; it is increasingly obvious that the principles of peaceful coexistence, equal cooperation, and the strengthening of the dominance of its geopolitical interests are being ignored.
 It is emphasized that the establishment of a dictatorial model of the state system in post-Soviet Russia took place primarily because the tsarist-imperial centralist and great-state traditions most corresponded to the implementation of its tasks in domestic and foreign policy.
 It is proved that the dominance of internal rather than external factors was the reason for the inability of the Russian Federation to form a progressive political-legal, democratic and economic model of the development of the state and society, to build international relations, in particular with neighboring states, on a legal, competitive and mutually beneficial basis.
 It was noted that the growing aggressive policy of the Russian Federation towards Ukraine and other countries did not receive timely and appropriate countermeasures from world states and international organizations. Only the heroic resistance of the Ukrainian nation to the invaders forced the collective West to provide active assistance to Ukraine and to introduce effective sanctions against the Russian Federation.
 It is emphasized that the war of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the annexation of part of its territories, the barbaric destruction of the civilian population and industrial infrastructure are aimed at the liquidation of the Ukrainian state and the Ukrainian nation, the colonization of its territory. The ideology of ruscism must be condemned and banned at the international level and its bearers and those involved in the commission of crimes must be punished.

Realization of Spiritual Potential in the Sociocultural Space: the Philosophy of Education

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the development of Ukrainian statehood, implementation of reforms in education and development of civil society is impossible without the development of Ukrainian spirituality. The process of globalization of today's society has a huge number of global problems associated with the obstacles to achieving harmony between man and nature, underestimating the development of each individual as unique, playing a crucial role in creating a special spiritual atmosphere, in revealing the creativity of life. Spirituality in the socio-cultural space should be understood as "man in man", as a quality of man, characterizing the motivation of human behavior, the process of his self-knowledge and the choice of life goals. The highest value of human existence is the human person. The notions of human qualities that allow full self-expression in the service of universal human interests are analyzed. Philosophy of education notes that the main purpose of human development is not only the satisfaction of needs, but also self-development, the full disclosure of the intellectual and cultural abilities of man. The article deepens the concept of the spiritual potential of today's mass culture in the current philosophy of education; reveals the ways of formation of spiritual potential in the postmodern space; outlines the quality of time in the socio-cultural space of postmodernism.

YEVHENIIA KONONENKO’S PROSE: TOPICS, IDEAS, GENRES, AND STYLE

This paper falls under the category of literary portraits and explores the evolution of Kononenko as a writer and intellectual. She embarked on her creative journey with translation and poetry but later focused primarily on prose. The paper underscores Kononenko’s enduring commitment to liberal perspectives, her view of culture as both a primary social catalyst and a societal objective. Kononenko can boast the broadest spectrum of genres in Ukrainian literature, encompassing short stories, narratives, novels, miniatures, and essays. She often employs genre and generic syncretism, which is most evident in her integration of poetry into prose, where she incorporates sonnets and elegies within short prose collections. Furthermore, her works blend genres by combining elements of detective stories with social novels, feminist narratives, and intellectual explorations. The writer boldly experiments with genres to enhance the expressiveness of her writing and engage a wider readership with complex, intellectually profound works. Kononenko’s prose might be classified as intellectual literature. The themes and ideas explored by the author indicate an existentialist orientation in her work. Kononenko herself interprets all her plots and ‘small tragedies’ as reflections of the human experience. The paper highlights the stylistic features of Kononenko’s texts, emphasizing realism, psychologism, and a dialogic nature, along with the significant role of artistic detail, lyrical qualities, trusting intonation, and irony. As for the sources of the author’s inspiration, her works seem to align with Mykola Riabchuk’s prose standing out for its trustworthy tone and candid conversation with the reader. It is worth to emphasize that the writer once made a compelling choice to depart from her first tongue, Russian, in favor of the Ukrainian cultural minority of the late Ukrainian SSR and early Ukrainian state, thereby challenging the traditional orientation of Russian-speaking Ukrainians toward ‘high’ Russian culture.

Financial aspects of socio-economic rejection in Ukraine in conditions of economic turbulence

Financial aspects of socio-economic rejection in Ukraine in conditions of economic turbulence

PROBLEMS AND RISKS OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE: REVIEW OF EXPERT OPINION

Considered opinions of the expert community of Ukraine regarding threats and risks on the way to implementing the reform of power decentralization in Ukraine. The decentralization of power and the formation of united territorial communities as the main subjects of local self-government, as well as the creation of prerequisites for their self-sufficient and economically efficient development, are unanimously recognized by domestic experts as the main vector of the modern development of the state-building system of Ukraine. Decentralization of power should become an effective tool for socio-economic development of territories, thanks to the efforts of independence of local self-government and increasing its activity, strengthening of local democracy. The inevitability of problems and risks of decentralization of power, which are objectively determined by the conditions affecting decentralization in Ukraine, is asserted. Selected problems and risks of a political, economic, socio-demographic, ecological, spatial and psychological nature. Experts separately point out the risk of using the decentralization policy for further disintegration of Ukraine in conditions of armed aggression by the Russian Federation. At the same time, the policy of decentralization in Ukraine can become an attractive alternative to Russian versions of the federalization of Ukraine.

Historical Meaning and the Care of the Soul: Ethical Reflections on the War in Ukraine with Edith Stein and Jan Patočka

ABSTRACT Amidst the human tragedy represented by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the ideological and historical justifications for the conflict as they have been framed by Russian president Vladimir Putin themselves call for a philosophical response and ethical critique. Putin’s political theological justification for the war, grounded in the commonalities of language, historical affinity, and ecclesial unity, which he posits constitute Ukraine and Russia as one people and justifies the imposition of Russian imperial authority over the Ukrainian state, is philosophically problematic and ultimately totalitarian. In contrast, the phenomenological philosophies of Edith Stein and Jan Patočka, whose political philosophies were shaped in spiritual resistance to similar ethnic and ideologically driven imperialisms of the twentieth century, offer resources for understanding and critiquing the world-historical interpretations of the meaning of civilization, peoplehood, and national destiny which drive Putin’s foreign policy, and which have important ethical and political implications far beyond the Ukraine/Russia conflict.

On the issue of determining the circumstances to be taken into account by the courts when approving plea agreements in cases of corruption offenses

In the article, based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, we highlight the following as circumstances that courts take into account when considering and approving a plea agreement in cases of corruption offenses: 1) the degree of social danger of the offense and the role of the person in the committed act; 2) compliance of the terms of the agreement with the interests of society. The analysis of court decisions made it possible to state that the presence of public interest is justified by the following factors: provision of quick court proceedings, which will ensure full, timely and inevitable punishment of suspects for committing a criminal offense, exposure of other involved persons; prevention of repeated commission of criminal offenses both by the suspects themselves and by other persons; 3) consent of the victim to the conclusion of the agreement (in the case when the damage, including, is also caused to private interests). Analyzed court decisions regarding agreements in criminal proceedings show that most of them contain the following wording: there is no victim in this criminal proceeding, the criminal offense did not harm the legally protected rights, freedoms, and interests of individual citizens, or state or public interests, or the interests of legal entities; 4) the voluntariness of entering into an agreement, which is defined in court decisions as follows: verbal confirmation and provision of truthful incriminating statements about oneself, absence of complaints about the actions, inaction and decisions of the prosecution, the fact that such an agreement was initiated by the defense; 5) establishing the fact of taking actions aimed at strengthening Ukraine's defense capabilities or the obligation to take such actions in the future. With such actions, the court recognizes the following: the transfer of funds to support the Armed Forces of Ukraine in conditions of full-scale military aggression on the territory of Ukraine by the Russian Federation is directly related to the well-being, stability and security of Ukrainian society; the readiness to allocate a significant amount of funds to the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine characterizes the person of the accused, in particular, his active volunteering and the declared desire to participate in the financing of the purchase of drones for the needs of the defense of Ukraine, etc. Key words:corruption offenses, plea agreement, terms of the agreement, public interest, victim's consent, voluntariness, martial law.

On the question of the establishment of modern Ukraine: How all the territories were brought together

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the aggravation of the socio-political situation in the world, as a result of which there is a need for a comprehensive historical analysis of the borders of Ukraine, defining its sovereignty, boundaries, and territorial integrity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the establishment of Ukraine in its modern borders. The leading approach to this problem is the historical and genetic method, which helped to comprehensively consider the topic under study by identifying and analysing the most significant events in the history of Ukraine, which had a predominant influence on the establishment of the territory of the modern Ukrainian state. General research methods were also used – analysis and synthesis, and special ones: systematisation, periodisation and chronological method. A consistent study of the emergence of Ukrainian statehood and the unification of Ukrainian lands has been conducted; the main historical periods of the establishment of the territorial borders of Ukraine have been identified and considered; the borders of the Ukrainian state at different historical stages have been described; the territorial distribution of Ukrainian lands in the Soviet period has been assessed; the prerequisites for Ukraine's declaration of independence have been established. The practical significance of the study of the unification of Ukrainian territories together and the establishment of modern borders of Ukraine lies in the possibility of using the materials of the study in teaching the history of Ukraine in secondary and high schools, including extracurricular activities, and in general courses on the history of Ukraine in universities. The main provisions and conclusions can serve as a basis for further scientific work in the field of studying the history of Ukraine in general and its territories and historical borders, in particular

FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM AMONG FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN CLASSES ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

At the current stage of national spiritual revival. In connection with the protracted economic crisis (which has affected the social sphere) and the war that is plaguing another river, the problem of forming a sense of love for Fatherlands among the younger generations, the power of young people has become increasingly important sovereignty, active participation in activity and creative life is becoming increasingly important. This aspect of education may become the primary developing, stabilizing, scientific-cognitive and cultural institution of matrimony, the civil-patriotic formation of youth, the formation of historical memory. This is a way to teach young people to evaluate historical phenomena on the basis of the principles of historical reliability, science, humanism, kindness, as well as a position of safety and intergenerational communication, creation guarantees of security of the Ukrainian nation. The State National Program “Osvita” (“Ukraine XXI century"), the Laws of Ukraine “About illumination”, “About illegal middle illumination” designate illumination tasks as strategic. Love before the Batkivshchyna, awareness of one’s community commitment on the basis of national and human spiritual values, strengthening the ranks of a citizen and a patriot of Ukraine to become rich and increase on this basis cultural and creative potential of our people.
 The Concept of civic education of the individual in the context of the development of Ukrainian statehood notes that the goal civic education is the formation of a “conscious citizen, patriot, professional, that is, a person with his inherent personal qualities, with character traits, worldview and abilities by thoughts, actions and behavior aimed at self-development and development of democratic civil society in Ukraine [1].

Anesthesiological support of mechanical thrombectomy: a review of current trends and approaches

Despite the proven effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in treating ischemic stroke, this method has not yet gained standard status in Ukraine. The key factor for its successful implementation is creating appropriate conditions within the medical system, ensuring accessibility, and proper qualification of medical personnel. The development of a multidisciplinary approach to stroke treatment and consideration of the latest advancements in this field can contribute to providing the highest level of medical care for patients with this serious condition. An anesthesiologist plays an indispensable and critically important role during MT. Therefore, the objective of study ‒ to assess the role of anesthesiologist in the perioperative period of treating patients with ischemic stroke using MT, focusing primarily on global trends and modern approaches to anesthesia provision for this procedure. Literature data regarding the choice of the most effective anesthesia method during MT were analyzed. A review of hemodynamic monitoring parameters and key aspects of intraoperative and postoperative blood pressure correction, along with the impact of blood oxygen levels on neurological outcomes and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke after MT, was conducted. The study also considered prospects for the development of new approaches in treating this pathology, including the use of neuroprotective agents and therapeutic regional hypothermia in combination with anesthesia methods to improve patient outcomes. A thorough analysis of literature sources led to the conclusion that the deep knowledge, attention to detail, and professionalism of anesthesiologists help minimize risks and ensure optimal MT effectiveness, facilitating rapid patient recovery. From preoperative assessment to postoperative care, the anesthesiologist makes a significant contribution at every stage, creating optimal conditions for successful intervention and minimizing the risk of complications. Understanding the importance of the anesthesiologist's role and their active participation in MT can enhance the effectiveness of this technique and improve stroke treatment outcomes.

Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Historical Context of the Formation of Sovereign Ukrainian Statehood

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analy- sis of historical factors, features and political and legal patterns of the formation of modern Ukrainian statehood, taking into account the difficult and constantly escalating Russian-Ukrainian relations, the growing Ukrainian nationalist radicalism, Russophobia and neo-Nazism, the formation of the state of a rigidly pro-Western-oriented regime of government. Special emphasis is placed on the problems of dynamically increasing difficulties in preserving and strengthening state sovereignty, ensuring financial, economic and military-political independence of the country, difficulties and prospects for implementing the European choice strategy in Ukrainian.Methodology and methods. dialectical-ma- terialistic model of research; principles of scientific, historicism and objectivity; methods of retrospection and comparison, analysis and synthesis, mental mod- eling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete.The results of the study. In the leading posi- tions of the presented research, the political and legal problems of destabilizing and disintegrating processes in the conditions of radicalization of the ruling Ukrainian regime of anti-Russian orientation, taking into account the historically difficult dialectics of the development of intra-national and interstate issues. In a comparative cross-country context, the features of the concept of building Ukrainian statehood as an- ti-Russia are analyzed, the author's concept of turning Ukraine into an instrument of Western forces in the fight against Russia, into a mercenary state and a springboard for military-ideological struggle with the Russian world in order to inflict strategic defeat on it is presented.Discussion and conclusion. Using the example of the difficult Ukrainian experience of post–Soviet state-building, the validity of the fact that the policy of the modern West is a policy of gross violation of international law, a policy of hegemonism and striving for world domination with the help of allied countries and at the expense of satellite countries and the enslavement of mercenaries is substantiated. Hence the gross interference in the internal affairs of other countries and peoples, direct interventions, the export of corruption, the imposition of morals of meanness, hostility and destruction, the unleashing of interstate, interethnic and interfaith conflicts, the policy of lies and provocations. Some judgments are formulated concerning the complex and far from un- ambiguously interpreted problems of state-building in the post-Soviet space in accordance with the ideals and values of a true democratic, legal, social, secular state.

Problematic issues in the budget system of Ukraine

The article discusses the problems and shortcomings in Ukraine's budget system. The main factors of inefficient budget execution are considered. The execution of Ukraine's state budget and trends in revenues and expenditures for 2026-2022 are analyzed, and the reasons for non-execution of the state budget are identified. It is determined that to avoid corruption in public administration, it is necessary to develop a set of methods covering all aspects of the system. The directions that will allow the formation of strong and independent anti-corruption agencies and institutions that will expand the powers to combat corruption are indicated. Measures to reform the justice system to enable fair consideration of corruption cases are highlighted. To eliminate financial abuses in Ukraine's budget system, proposals have been made to ensure transparency and openness of public administration. It is determined that innovations, especially technologies, can be used to create more reliable systems for managing public finances. It is proved that the budget system should be the center of internal control and audit within the organization. Strengthening these processes will ensure prompt detection and elimination of potential violations. All these measures should have public support and active participation of citizens in monitoring the conditions for spending budget funds. Only an open and inclusive system can prevent the misuse of funds. It is also proposed to expand Ukrainians' access to information and improve e-government systems, which will reduce corruption and meet ethical standards for civil servants to maintain integrity in public authorities. Possible methods of combating the main obstacles of the budget system have been put forward, and recommendations have been added to normalize the economic and social situation by overcoming problematic issues that negatively affect the state of the country. The main problem – inefficient distribution of budget funds – has been studied. In the example of the local budget of the Zaporizhzhia region, the main directions of budget distribution are considered. Keywords: budget system, budget, problems, socio-economic situation, financial stability, corruption.