Training Status Research Articles

Insight into The Status of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Training in Nepal

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery is at a developing stage in Nepal. In Nepal, training of CTV surgeons started in the beginning of the 21st century. Nevertheless, there is already a decrease in trainee’s interest in this specialization leading CTVS training to a gasping state at its very neonatal age. Globally, training of medical professionals, in particular CTV surgeons, has been under continuous evolution since its inception. Analogously, in Nepal, the duration of the CTVS training and academic curriculum needs upgrading to meet international standards. Introduction of new concepts, learning advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques is important for CTV surgeons in Nepal, to become a competent member of the multidisciplinary Heart Team.

Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method.

Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique. A total of 12 Thai native crossbred horses and 12 Arabian horses, all free of cardiac abnormalities, were enrolled in the study. Animals underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) and VVTI using both the base-apex lead method and its modified version. 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV ECG recordings provided standard bipolar limb leads. The amplitudes and durations of P waves, QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were assessed. The T wave's shape was examined. Each recording's R-R interval was utilized to assess heart rate. Twenty consecutive beats were used to compute the variability of heart rate (VVTI). The P wave amplitude was the only significant difference (p < 0.05) between the base apex lead method and the modified base apex lead method, with no variations in heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude. Both methods showed mainly biphasic T wave patterns. The VVTI values of all horses did not differ significantly between the base apex and modified base apex methods. There was no significant difference in VVTI between Thai crossbred horses and Arabian horses in either method. This study provided the first evidence that VVTI can be evaluated using the modified base apex lead system and may be useful for cardiovascular function monitoring in horses.

VIOLET: Visual Analytics for Explainable Quantum Neural Networks.

With the rapid development of Quantum Machine Learning, quantum neural networks (QNN) have experienced great advancement in the past few years, harnessing the advantages of quantum computing to significantly speed up classical machine learning tasks. Despite their increasing popularity, the quantum neural network is quite counter-intuitive and difficult to understand, due to their unique quantum-specific layers (e.g., data encoding and measurement) in their architecture. It prevents QNN users and researchers from effectively understanding its inner workings and exploring the model training status. To fill the research gap, we propose VIOLET, a novel visual analytics approach to improve the explainability of quantum neural networks. Guided by the design requirements distilled from the interviews with domain experts and the literature survey, we developed three visualization views: the Encoder View unveils the process of converting classical input data into quantum states, the Ansatz View reveals the temporal evolution of quantum states in the training process, and the Feature View displays the features a QNN has learned after the training process. Two novel visual designs, i.e., satellite chart and augmented heatmap, are proposed to visually explain the variational parameters and quantum circuit measurements respectively. We evaluate VIOLET through two case studies and in-depth interviews with 12 domain experts. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and usability of VIOLET in helping QNN users and developers intuitively understand and explore quantum neural networks.

Nurses’ Perception on Evidence Based Practice in Tertiary Hospital of Nepal: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Study

Background: The evidence-based practice movement has spread globally, prompting calls for evidence-based policymaking and public health. Health care being the dynamic discipline with research, is, intended to improve practice through evidence-based novel approaches. As evidence based practice (EBP) among nurses is essential for improving the quality of care, fewer pieces of evidence are available in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the perception of evidence-based practice among nurses of a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Methods: We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study among the 100 nurses of Bir Hospital in Kathmandu. The self-administered questionnaires were applied using the survey instrument by Upton and Upton. A purposive sampling technique was employed. We calculated the mean score to assess the nurses’ perceptions in the three sub-scales of knowledge, attitude, and use of evidence-based practice. Bivariate analysis was performed to examine the relationship between subscales. Results: The majority (89.0%) of nurses did not receive training on evidence-based practices. The mean score of knowledge on EBP was 4.47±1.11, the mean score of attitude on EBP was 4.45±1.06, and the mean score of EBP use was 4.18±1.42. EBP knowledge, attitude, and use were not significantly associated with the selected demographic variables (age, work experience, EBP training and marital status). Conclusion: Nurses’ perceptions of evidence-based practice were moderate. The implementation of EBP use needs to be strengthened among the nurses. Nurses need to be more involved in the implementation of EBP. To incorporate evidence in practice, nurses require training and support from high authorities.

Potential Benefits of Postactivation Potentiation Protocols on Tennis Performance: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The study aimed to provide an overview of the benefits of postactivation potentiation (PAP) protocols on tennis performance. All procedures were in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. After an online search, 8 studies with 133 tennis players were eligible for inclusion. Results showed that a variety of methods were used to elicit PAP in tennis players, with maximal voluntary isometric contraction showing promising results in improving serve velocity (SV) by 4.6 km·h−1 (3.4 ± 4.6%; ES = 0.711) immediately after the preconditioning activity (PCA). The most favorable effects of PAP on sprinting time and maximal power were observed in resistance training exercises using squats as PCA, with loads near 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), whereas the heavy load leg press warm-up demonstrated positive effects on agility and power. By contrast, negative effects on SV were observed with heavy 600-g ball throws. Despite limitations in match application because of the post-activation performance enhancement effect duration, these protocols remain beneficial for training purposes. Calculating volume load relative to 1RM can provide helpful insights for optimal PAP. However, individualizing PAP protocols based on athletes' characteristics and training status seems crucial and should be investigated in future studies.

Heart Rate Variability Applications in Strength and Conditioning: A Narrative Review.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the fluctuation of time intervals between adjacent heartbeats and is commonly used as a surrogate measure of autonomic function. HRV has become an increasingly measured variable by wearable technology for use in fitness and sport applications. However, with its increased use, a gap has arisen between the research and the application of this technology in strength and conditioning. The goal of this narrative literature review is to discuss current evidence and propose preliminary guidelines regarding the application of HRV in strength and conditioning. A literature review was conducted searching for HRV and strength and conditioning, aiming to focus on studies with time-domain measurements. Studies suggest that HRV is a helpful metric to assess training status, adaptability, and recovery after a training program. Although reduced HRV may be a sign of overreaching and/or overtraining syndrome, it may not be a sensitive marker in aerobic-trained athletes and therefore has different utilities for different athletic populations. There is likely utility to HRV-guided programming compared to predefined programming in several types of training. Evidence-based preliminary guidelines for the application of HRV in strength and conditioning are discussed. This is an evolving area of research, and more data are needed to evaluate the best practices for applying HRV in strength and conditioning.

Grade-7 Students’ Negotiation during the Engineering Design Processes Regarding the Status of Their Argumentation Training

This study aimed to investigate grade-7 students’ negotiation during the engineering design process regarding the students’ status of argumentation training. The participants were 33 students studying at a public urban middle school in Turkey. They worked in small groups on four engineering design tasks about electricity and light. Data were collected through small group audio recordings, student worksheets, and the observation. The data were analyzed by using content analysis. The results indicated that negotiation patterns were similar across all groups. However, differences were found between the group that received argumentation training and the one that did not receive in terms of proposing ideas for material design, using justifications when in agreement with others, counter proposing and acquiring information for better planning and altering the design, and critiquing for design advantages and disadvantages.

Survey of perioperative utilization of professional medical interpreters for limited-English proficient patients: Towards a framework for systems-level improvement

IntroductionSurgical patients in United States’ hospitals have grown more linguistically diverse. However, professional medical interpreter (PMI) utilization remains inconsistent at many healthcare institutions for limited-English proficient (LEP) patients. Numerous studies demonstrate that inadequate perioperative access to PMI leads to worse care and outcomes for LEP patients. The perioperative setting presents unique challenges for providers in caring for LEP patients including obtaining informed consent, a transient team of multi-disciplinary providers, and the time pressure of operating room practice. ObjectiveOur study is the first to assess barriers to consistent PMI use in the immediate perioperative setting and to identify system-level approaches to improve PMI use. MethodWe surveyed a multidisciplinary team of perioperative nurses, advanced practice providers, anesthesiology and surgical trainees and faculty on their personal practices and perceived barriers to PMI use. An anonymous online 13-question survey was used. Answer options included rank order, multiple choice, Likert scale, and free text. Survey data was analyzed using univariate statistics and stratified based on providers having received information on the Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964 and their medical training status. Pearson's chi-squared test was performed and odds ratios calculated to determine if these provider characteristics were associated with increased preference for PMI over bilingual staff and patients’ family members for interpretation and with other LEP evidence-based care practices. ResultsWe received a total of 262 responses with a 28.3 % response rate. Among survey participants, 19.1 % of participants did not know where to find patients’ language preferences in the electronic health record (EHR) and 69.8 % of participants did not know how to update language preferences in the EHR. When a bilingual staff was present, 31.0 % and 24.8 % of providers would forgo using video and phone PMI, respectively. Comparatively, trainees were more likely to use PMI instead of patients’ family or bilingual staff. Providers who received training on the Title VI Civil Rights Act of 1964 were more likely to use PMI for interpretation and provide translated consent forms, and least likely to utilize patients’ families for interpretation. Barriers to PMI use included difficulty obtaining video consoles or phones, long wait times for interpreters, unavailability of language, unfamiliarity with using video consoles or accessing interpreters, poor sound quality and internet connectivity issues. As many as 26 % of respondents cited time pressure for starting a surgical case as the reason for not using an interpreter. DiscussionBased on these survey results, we developed a framework for quality improvement initiatives to effect system-level change in similar high-output perioperative settings. This framework can be categorized into (1) process refinement and harnessing the EHR for identification and documentation of LEP status, (2) interdepartmental collaboration to address workflow constraints, technical issues and supply-demand mismatch, and (3) increasing awareness among leadership and providers about interpretation laws, cost reduction and improved outcomes with PMI use.

Biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation in thoroughbreds during their first long-term training.

Physical exercise has an activating effect on platelet function that differs between trained and untrained subjects, depending on the type of exercise and training status. In humans, soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are considered reliable markers of in vivo platelet activation during exercise. In untrained humans, they increase after transient physical exercise, whereas long-term training induces a decrease in their resting levels due to an improved ability to adapt to hemodynamic changes. The aim of this study was to assess whether circulating levels of sP-sel and PEVs may be useful markers to explore in vivo platelet function in never-trained Thoroughbreds during their first 4 months of incremental training. A total of 29 clinically healthy, untrained Thoroughbreds (17 males and 12 females) were enrolled. All horses were trained with the same training schedule (90 days). Blood samples were collected on the day the training program began (T0), 30 days (T30), and 90 days (T90) after its incremental increase to quantify platelet count, sP-sel (horse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and PEVs (flow cytometry). Statistical analysis was performed using RM one-way analysis of variance with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction. Soluble P-selectin tended to increase at T30 compared with T0, while T90 levels returned to baseline values. Significantly higher circulating levels of PEVs CD61+/AnnV+ were observed at T30 and T90 compared to baseline confirming platelet hyperactivity. The detection and quantification of sP-sel and PEVs in equine racehorses during the training period appears to be a promising tool to study exercise-induced primary hemostatic changes and may provide an important marker for exercise selection.

Assessment of Performance in Youth Soccer Players: Should We Consider the Maturation Status?

The influence of biological maturity status on talent identification and development in youth soccer has been debated extensively. Alternative methods have thus recently emerged to estimate maturity status, such as the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS), but their relationship with physical capabilities of young soccer players still needs to be determined. The present study investigated the relationships of different PDS-derived pubertal status measures, chronological age, and relative age with selected performance variables in youth soccer. Sixty-one male soccer players were assessed for physical capabilities using field tests for sprinting, vertical jumps (countermovement jump, CMJ), intermittent high-intensity endurance, and repeated sprint ability. Chronological age was defined as the number of days since birth, and relative age was defined in terms of age quarters. PDS-derived measures of puberal status, otherwise, were determined as an average PDS score, a PDS category score, and a pubertal category. Chronological age, relative age, and measures of pubertal status were scarcely related (p > 0.05) to selected measures of soccer performance. Significant correlations were only found between different measures of pubertal status and the variable "work" in the CMJ test (range r = 0.33-0.36; p < 0.01) and between chronological age and CMJ height (r = -0.297; p = 0.02). The present results suggest that physical performance of young soccer players is poorly related to chronological age, relative age, and pubertal status. Potential effects of biological maturity status on physical capabilities may not be easily identifiable in a group of young soccer players narrowed in terms of chronological age and training status.

Unlocking Strength: The Powerful Impact of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Supplementation on Resistance Training

Withania somnifera, commonly known as ashwagandha, has gained popularity in recent years among individuals interested in healthy lifestyles, natural medicine, and sports. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ashwagandha supplementation on various aspects of physical performance, particularly in the context of resistance training. Studies have shown that ashwagandha can positively impact muscle strength, with significant increase of muscle force and power output. Additionally, it has demonstrated potential in modulating body composition, with reduction of body fat percentage noted in certain populations. However, results of studies on ashwagandha’s effect on muscle size remain inconclusive and may depend on various factors such as training status and individual responses. In terms of endurance, ashwagandha supplementation has been associated with improvement in maximal oxygen uptake, indicating enhanced aerobic capacity and delayed exhaustion during endurance activities. Furthermore, ashwagandha was shown to aid muscle recovery by reducing exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory response, potentially accelerating the muscle regeneration process. Ashwagandha may also influence hormone levels, such as testosterone and cortisol, with potential implications for muscle growth and recovery. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects. Overall, ashwagandha supplementation appears to hold promise for enhancing physical performance and overall well-being. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal dosages, long-term safety, and potential interactions with other supplements or medications.

Educating the next generation of psychiatrists in the use of clinical neuromodulation therapies: what should all psychiatry residents know?

A variety of neuromodulation treatments are available today and more are on the way, but are tomorrow's psychiatrists prepared to incorporate these tools into their patients' care plans? This article addresses the need for training in clinical neuromodulation for general psychiatry trainees. To ensure patient access to neuromodulation treatments, we believe that general psychiatrists should receive adequate education in a spectrum of neuromodulation modalities to identify potential candidates and integrate neuromodulation into their multidisciplinary care plans. We propose curricular development across the four FDA-cleared modalities currently available in psychiatric practice: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). With a focus on psychiatry residency training, the article delineates core learning components for each neuromodulation technique. For each modality, we review the clinical training status, the respective FDA-cleared indications, mechanisms of action, clinical indications and contraindications, adverse effects, informed consent process, dosing considerations, and clinical management guidelines. The approach outlined in this article aims to contribute to the development of a well-rounded generation of psychiatry trainees with the capacity to navigate the growing field of neuromodulation. Whether or not a psychiatrist specializes in delivering neuromodulation therapies themselves, it is incumbent on all psychiatrists to be able to identify patients who should be referred to neuromodulation therapies, and to provide comprehensive patient care before, during and after clinical neuromodulation interventions to optimize outcomes and prevent relapse.

Cyclic Air Braking Strategy for Heavy Haul Trains on Long Downhill Sections Based on Q-Learning Algorithm

Cyclic air braking is a key factor affecting the safe operation of trains on long downhill sections. However, a train’s cycle braking strategy is constrained by multiple factors such as driving environment, speed, and air-refilling time. A Q-learning algorithm-based cyclic braking strategy for a heavy haul train on long downhill sections is proposed to address this challenge. First, the operating environment of a heavy haul train on long downhill sections is designed, considering various constraint parameters, such as the characteristics of special operating routes, allowable operating speeds, and train tube air-refilling time. Second, the operating status and braking operation of a heavy haul train on long downhill sections are discretized in order to establish a Q-table based on state–action pairs. The training of algorithm performance is achieved by continuously updating Q-tables. Finally, taking the heavy haul train formation as the study object, actual line data from the Shuozhou–Huanghua Railway are used for experimental simulation, and different hyperparameters and entry speed conditions are considered. The results show that the safe and stable cyclic braking of a heavy haul train on long downhill sections is achieved. The effectiveness of the Q-learning control strategy is verified.

Current status of robotic training during the urology residency: results from a national survey in Spain

Introduction and objectivesThe increasing number of robotic urological procedures observed in recent years highlights the need to expand training opportunities in robotic surgery. Our objective is to investigate the state of robotic training during urology residency in Spain in order to identify significant deficiencies. Materials and methodsA 20-item online survey was conducted among urology residents in Spain who were registered in the database of the Residents and Young Urologists Group of the Spanish Association of Urology. The survey assessed subjective opinions, institutional aspects, training resources, and experience regarding robotic surgery. A total of 455 email invitations were sent throughout the year 2021. Descriptive analysis of the responses was performed. ResultsThe participation rate reached 30%, with a total of 135 residents. 52% of respondents lacked access to a robotic system in their institution, of which only 48% could compensate for this deficiency through external rotations. Among those with access to a robotic system, 25% and 23% reported having access to theoretical and practical training, respectively. The existence of a formal training program was low (13%). 85% of the respondents considered robotic surgery training in Spain to be deficient. ConclusionsTraining for Spanish residents in robotic urological surgery is perceived as inadequate, emphasizing the crucial need for improvement in training programs in this field.

Effect of Heat Acclimatization, Heat Acclimation, and Intermittent Heat Training on Maximal Oxygen Uptake.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an important determinant of endurance performance. Heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA/HAz) elicits improvements in endurance performance. Upon heat exposure reduction, intermittent heat training (IHT) may alleviate HA/HAz adaptation decay; however, corresponding VO2max responses are unknown. VO2max is maintained after HAz/HA; IHT mitigates decrements in aerobic power after HAz/HA. Interventional study. Level 3. A total of 27 male endurance runners (mean ± SD; age, 36 ± 12 years; body mass, 73.03 ± 8.97 kg; height, 178.81 ± 6.39 cm) completed VO2max testing at 5 timepoints; baseline, post-HAz, post-HA, and weeks 4 and 8 of IHT (IHT4, IHT8). After baseline testing, participants completed HAz, preceded by 5 days of HA involving exercise to induce hyperthermia for 60 minutes in the heat (ambient temperature, 39.13 ± 1.37°C; relative humidity, 51.08 ± 8.42%). Participants were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 IHT groups: once-weekly, twice-weekly, or no IHT. Differences in VO2max, velocity at VO2max (vVO2), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) at all 5 timepoints were analyzed using repeated-measure analyses of variance with Bonferroni corrections post hoc. No significant VO2max or vVO2 differences were observed between baseline, post-HAz, or post-HA (P = 0.36 and P = 0.09, respectively). No significant group or time effects were identified for VO2max or vVO2 at post-HA, IHT4, and IHT8 (P = 0.67 and P = 0.21, respectively). Significant HRmax differences were observed between baseline and post-HA tests (P < 0.01). No significant group or time HRmax differences shown for post-HA, IHT4, and IHT8 (P = 0.59). VO2max was not reduced among endurance runners after HA/HAz and IHT potentially due to participants' similar aerobic training status and high aerobic fitness levels. HAz/HA and IHT maintain aerobic power in endurance runners, with HAz/HA procuring reductions in HRmax.

Is improved pulmonary vasodilation why endurance trained individuals have elevated diffusing capacity compared to untrained individuals?

Contrary to our traditional understanding, the pulmonary vasculature may adapt to endurance training. Improved pulmonary vasodilation may be the principal mediator for trained individuals who exhibit greater diffusing capacity (DLCO), capillary blood volume (VC; representing recruitment and distension) and membrane diffusing capacity (DM; representing recruitment) at rest and during exercise as compared to untrained. Potential functional differences may be investigated using pulmonary vasodilators ( e.g., oral sildenafil). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sildenafil on DLCO, VC, and DM, in trained and untrained participants. We hypothesized that sildenafil would increase rest and exercise DLCO, VC, and DM, with a lesser relative response in trained due to improved baseline pulmonary vascular function. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design (NCT: 04985929), DLCO was measured at rest (supine and seated) and during cycle ergometry (60 Watts, 30%, 60%, and 90% of V̇O2peak). DLCO was conducted using the modified Roughton-Forster multiple FiO2 breath-hold technique over 6 visits, where participants were given either oral placebo or sildenafil (50 mg, single dose, 30 min wash-in). To date, 18 participants (6 female) (56% target sample size) have been recruited into two groups: trained (T) and untrained (UT) (Mean V̇O2peak = 66.6 ± 7.2 mL.kg−1.min−1 and 37.8 ± 3.2 mL.kg−1.min−1, respectively). Estimated PASP was reduced between placebo and sildenafil across all participants at rest (mean Δ = -2.7 mmHg; p&lt;0.01), indicating effective pulmonary vasodilation. Under placebo, T had higher DLCO at rest (supine), 30%, 60%, and 90% of V̇O2peak (p&lt;0.05), consistent with previous literature. There was no effect of sildenafil on DLCO, VC, or DM (all p&gt;0.200) or drug by workload interactions (all p&gt;0.189) in either group. These preliminary results suggest that pharmacological augmentation of the nitric oxide vasodilatory pathway does not increase DLCO regardless of training status. We speculate that this pathway may not be the primary driver responsible for the elevated DLCO observed in endurance trained participants. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The impact of training status on firefighter task performance after acute exercise

Background: Though on-shift exercise provides firefighters structured time to maintain fitness levels needs for their job; many are concerned on-shift exercise may impair their readiness. It also remains unclear if their current fitness level is protective of potential exercise-induced decrements. Therefore, we aimed to determine if aerobic fitness and body composition impact occupational performance and physiological stress after acute exercise. Methods: 32 participants (17M/15F; 25.2 ± 4.1 yrs; 173.8 ± 9.8 cm; 75.6 ± 13.2 kg; 23.3 ± 7.4% body fat) completed 2 visits assessing fitness (VO2peak and %body fat (%BF)), and 3 experimental trials: resistance exercise (RE), aerobic exercise (AE), and rested control (CON). Each trial was followed by an occupational task assessment (OTA; 4 rounds of 10 deadlifts (set to 85 or 135lbs) and a 0.15-mile 40lb-sandbag carry) in an environmental chamber (35°C; 50% humidity). Time to complete (TTC), blood lactate concentrations (BLC), and core temperature (CT) were assessed. Participants were split into tertiles based on high, moderate, and low VO2peak and %BF. Two-way ANOVAs were used to compare fitness level by exercise condition. RESULTS: There was a main effect of VO2peak on TTC (High VO2: 1094 ± 235; Moderate VO2: 1120 ± 200; Low VO2: 1365 ± 263 sec; p &lt; 0.01). High VO2peak participants had a shorter TTC compared to moderate or low VO2max regardless of exercise prior (ps &lt; 0.01). There was a main effect of VO2peak on CT (High VO2: 38.1 ± 0.6; Moderate VO2: 38.2 ± 0.6; Low VO2: 38.4 ± 0.5°C; p &lt; 0.01). High VO2peak participants had a lower CT during the OTA compared to low VO2peak regardless of exercise prior (p &lt; 0.01). There was a main effect of %BF on TTC (High %BF: 1029 ± 150; Moderate %BF: 1098 ± 210; Low %BF: 1399 ± 259 sec; p &lt; 0.001). High %BF participants had a longer TTC compared to average or low %BF regardless of exercise prior (ps &lt; 0.01). There was a significant main effect of %BF on BLC (High %BF: 6.6 ± 2.8; Moderate %BF: 7.6 ± 3.0; Low %BF: 9.9 ± 3.8 mMol/L; p &lt; 0.01). Low %BF participants had lower BLC after the OTA compared to high %BF regardless of exercise prior (p &lt; 0.01). CT were significantly higher following AE compared to RE and CON (AE: 38.7 ± 0.3; RE: 38.5 ± 0.5; CON: 37.6 ± 0.4°C; p &lt; 0.01). All other interaction and main effects of TTC or physiological stress variables were not significantly different based on fitness (VO2peak and %BF; ps &gt; 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest fitness (VO2peak and %BF) impacts time to complete and physiological stress during occupational tasks. However, fitness did not influence the response to occupational tasks differently based on if acute exercise (aerobic or resistance) was performed beforehand. These findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of acute on-shift exercise methods and provide relevant metrics of fitness related to firefighter occupational performance. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: There are no funding sources to disclose. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Bus Navigation and Ticketing Solution

In the busy metropolitan cities people don't have time to invest in waiting for transport. Waiting time for transport in such crowded cities leads to less productivity on a whole. People face this problem in their daily life where they have no idea about the current status of their transport. So, the proposed solution is an android based application that will help the user to check out the Bus Ticket Reservation with Location Tracking System facilitates the passengers to enquire about the bus available on the basis of source and destination, booking of tickets, enquire about the status of the booked ticket, tracking the current position etc. The aim of case study is to design and develop a database maintaining the records of different trains, train status, and passenger. The current location of the bus and also will help the user to know how much time the bus will take to reach the current location of the user. The system will use GPS as the basis for the application and basic android application will be interfacing with the updated database to provide the real-time data to the user.

Improvement of Personnel, Education and Working Environments via Surveying the Status of Personnel in 119 Emergency Operation Centers

Excluding the Sejong Fire Department Headquarters, visitations to 119 emergency operations centers in 17 cities and provinces across the country were conducted as of 2022 to assess the improvements in personnel arrangements, scope of work, and status of education and training after the placement of situation rooms. On-site visitations were conducted to 119 emergency operation centers in Seoul and 119 emergency operation centers in Busan. Interviews with security personnel participating in the study, such as emergency operation center managers and team leaders, were conducted at the 119 functional emergency operation centers. The status of the deployment, personnel matters, education and training in the operations center, and working conditions were assessed. The following improvements were suggested: The 119 emergency operation centers must be designated as heavy duty departments, provide personnel with the same or higher points as other departments, and provide training and comprehensive evaluation using common practice and simulations on the 119 Emergency Management Standard Response Manual of the National Fire Agency. In addition, working conditions, such as additional personnel points related to promotions, resolution of malicious complaints, difficulty adapting to sleep patterns, the need for psychological treatment, and lack of manpower, must be improved. The results suggest the benefits of operating 112 police emergency operation centers must be introduced.

Factors Affecting the Participation Rate of Women in the Labor Force in Lima Puluh Kota Regency Using Probit Regression Analysis

Labor currently plays a very important role in a country's economy. In the labour sector, women still experience discrimination, which causes the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of women to remain low compared to men. The LFPR of men in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota is higher than the LFPR of women. In 2022, the female LFPR was 63.75%, meaning that of the total labour force, around 63.75% of them were working or looking for work. This study aims to determine the factors that influence women's participation in the labour force in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. This research is applied using the probit regression analysis method. The data used is secondary data, which is microdata from the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS). Based on the results of the analysis, the factors that influence the level of women's participation in the labour force in Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota in 2022 are education level, age, job training status, and status as head of household.