State Of Technology Research Articles

Publisher Correction: Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory technology status and future directions

Publisher Correction: Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory technology status and future directions

Hierarchically Structured Catalysts Toward Sustainable Hydrogen Economy: Electro- and Thermo-Chemical Pathways.

Hydrogen, as an important clean energy source, plays a more and more crucial role in decarbonizing the planet and meeting the global climate challenge due to its high energy density and zero-emission. The demand for sustainable hydrogen is increasing drastically worldwide as driven by the global shift towards low-carbon energy solutions. Thermochemical catalysis process dominates hydrogen production at scale given its relatively mature technology and commercialization status, as well as the established manufacturing infrastructure. While due to its environmentally friendly nature and growing abundant sources of renewable electricity, the electrochemical path for hydrogen production is rising as a major alternative to the thermochemical means. Nevertheless, hierarchically structured catalysts and devices have gradually taken the center stage toward replacing the traditional counterparts, especially with the rapid advancement of the design and manufacture of such ordered nanostructure assemblies toward high activity, efficient mass transport, and superb stability. In this review, the latest progress of the hierarchically structured catalysts for hydrogen production have been surveyed on electro- and thermo- chemical pathways comparatively. It covers the structure designs of atomic dispersion, nanoscale surfaces and interfaces for achieving highly active and durable catalysts, components, and devices. Both electrochemical and thermochemical approaches are reviewed in terms of the vast design details, engineered benefits, and understandings of various Pt-group metal (PGM) and non-PGM based transition metal catalysts for hydrogen production. As the growing trend, brief discussions are also presented toward the high-level assembly and manufacture of complexly structured components and devices at scale in the electrochemical and thermochemical energy systems.

Research hotspots and evolution trends of food safety risk assessment techniques and methods

AbstractFood safety incidents frequently occur in China and other countries. Food safety risk management has evolved from harm‐based to risk‐based approaches to control risks more scientifically and effectively. Risk assessment is at the core of risk control and provides a scientific basis for the development of risk management measures. Therefore, analyzing the research status and development trends of food safety risk assessment technologies and methods is important for improving food safety risk assessment and risk management. In this study, CiteSpace software was used to analyze a knowledge graph of popular research topics in the field of food safety risk assessment over the past 14 years, identify research keywords, and provide centrality statistics. Food safety risk assessments primarily focus on in vitro high‐throughput testing, computational toxicology, predictive microbiology, mechanistic research, and other technical methods. In the future, international coordination, cooperation, and cross‐integration of relevant disciplines should be strengthened, and research on and application of innovative technologies for food safety risk assessment should be promoted. Research on food safety risk assessment technologies and methods is in an active development stage and has good prospects for further exploration and application.

A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Blockchain Technology for Food Security

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) faces obstacles in guaranteeing food security because of its desert climate, restricted arable land, and significant reliance on food imports. Establishing a robust and transparent food supply chain is crucial. This study investigates the crucial functions of blockchain technology in protecting and improving food security in the UAE. Using bibliographic and co-citation network analyses, this study examines 143 research articles that provide a thorough review of the current status of blockchain technology in relation to food security. We examine the interrelationships among studies, highlighting significant themes and identifying three emerging food security patterns in the incorporation of blockchain into the food security domain. This study enhances the understanding of how blockchain technology can transform the food security dimensions of availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability in the UAE and worldwide.

Natural Plant Fiber‐Based Materials for Packaging Applications – A Review of Recent Innovations and Developments

AbstractNatural plant fiber‐based packaging materials emerges as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic and non‐biodegradable packaging. This paper presents an extensive review of the current technological status quo and commercial applications of natural plant fiber‐based packaging such as fiber‐based foams, molded pulp packaging, fiber‐based bottles, fiber‐based flexible packaging, fiber‐based blister packaging and stretchable paper. It focuses on the manufacturing processes and newest technology advancement of environmentally sustainable materials, meanwhile, the currently industry‐leading, cutting‐edge commercial products also are discussed. In conclusion, the paper advocates for the pivotal role natural plant fiber‐based packaging plays in transforming the packaging industry, addressing waste reduction, resource conservation, and climate change. It encourages the wider adoption of these materials while acknowledging the complexities involved and the need for continuous research and development to ensure their viability and effectiveness in meeting stringent packaging requirements.

Research on the status and prospect of microgrid technology

Abstract. With the increasing demand for electrical energy and the appeal of environmental protection, the world has started to pay attention to the application of microgrids. A microgrid is a grid with many advantages, such as independence, effectiveness in working, and environmental friendliness, and can solve both energy and environmental problems. The paper reviews the microgrid system: how it functions, how it has advantages in energy and environmental aspects, and the prospects of microgrid in the future using a literature review. Microgrid has a flexible operation since it can find the optimum solution for generation, transmission, and distribution by shifting smoothly between island mode (which generates electricity by itself and directly transmits it to the supply side) and grid-connected mode (which connects to macrogrid and is dependent on its power supply). It also has energy reliability for its control system and energy storage system to coordinate the output power, which enhances the utility of energy resources. Microgrid has great potential for solving energy problems in remote or poverty-stricken areas and has unlimited prospects in industry, residential communities, and utilities and energy providers.

The application of electroflocculation (EC) technology in printing and dyeing wastewater

Abstract. Industrial wastewater contains a large number of toxic pollutants, and the total consumption of dyes in the global textile printing and dyeing industry exceeds 587,000 tons per year. Duo to the process of dye production is more complex, the application of processes and materials are more, so many production links will produce a variety of waste, garbage, and the relevant waste dye into the river, lake and sea is up to millions of kilograms. It can be seen that textile printing and dyeing wastewater is the main source of water environmental pollution. If not treated in time, it will not only affect the production efficiency, but also harm the surrounding ecological environment and pose a serious threat to human survival. Scientific and effective intervention of textile industry wastewater and reasonable selection of textile industry wastewater intervention mode are related to the sustainable development of the industry. In recent years, electroflocculation (EC) technology has gradually become a research hotspot due to its advantages of high removal rate, simple operation, small dosage of chemicals, and small impact on the environment, including the intervention of wastewater. This paper will describe the main mechanism of EC and the application status of EC technology is discussed in detail, the limitations and future development trend of this technology are also proposed.

Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory technology status and future directions

Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory technology status and future directions

An Overview of the R&D of Flywheel Energy Storage Technologies in China

The literature written in Chinese mainly and in English with a small amount is reviewed to obtain the overall status of flywheel energy storage technologies in China. The theoretical exploration of flywheel energy storage (FES) started in the 1980s in China. The experimental FES system and its components, such as the flywheel, motor/generator, bearing, and power electronic devices, were researched around thirty years ago. About twenty organizations devote themselves to the R&D of FES technology, which is developing from theoretical and laboratory research to the stage of engineering demonstration and commercial application. After the research and accumulation in the past 30 years, the initial FES products were developed by some companies around 10 years ago. Today, the overall technical level of China’s flywheel energy storage is no longer lagging behind that of Western advanced countries that started FES R&D in the 1970s. The reported maximum tip speed of the new 2D woven fabric composite flywheel arrived at 900 m/s in the spin test. A steel alloy flywheel with an energy storage capacity of 125 kWh and a composite flywheel with an energy storage capacity of 10 kWh have been successfully developed. Permanent magnet (PM) motors with power of 250–1000 kW were designed, manufactured, and tested in many FES assemblies. The lower loss is carried out through innovative stator and rotor configuration, optimizing magnetic flux and winding arrangement for harmonic magnetic field suppression. Permanent magnetic bearings with high load ability up to 50–100 kN were developed both for a 1000 kW/16.7 kWh flywheel used for the drilling practice application in hybrid power of an oil well drilling rig and for 630 kW/125 kWh flywheels used in the 22 MW flywheel array applied to the flywheel and thermal power joint frequency modulation demonstration project. It is expected that the FES demonstration application power stations with a total cumulative capacity of 300 MW will be built in the next five years.

Machine Learning Applied to Lithium‐Ion Battery State Estimation for Electric Vehicles: Method Theoretical, Technological Status, and Future Development

ABSTRACTLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively utilized in electric vehicles due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. LIBs exhibit dynamic and nonlinear characteristics, which raise significant safety concerns for electric vehicles. Accurate and real‐time battery state estimation can enhance safety performance and prolong battery lifespan. With the rapid advancement of big data, machine learning (ML) holds substantial promise for state estimation. This paper systematically reviews several common ML algorithms, detailing the basic principles of each and illustrating their structures with flowcharts. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Subsequently, we discuss feature extraction techniques employed in recent studies for estimating state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), state of power (SOP), and remaining useful life (RUL), as well as the application of these ML methods in state estimation. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with using ML methods for state estimation and outline future development trends.

Current Status and Prospects of High-Speed Direct-Drive Power Generation Technology

Current Status and Prospects of High-Speed Direct-Drive Power Generation Technology

Research on the Cultural Factors of Insufficient Expression of Emotion in the Application of AIGC Technology in Film Production

This study discusses the application of AIGC technology in film production and its shortcomings in emotional expression. AIGC technology provides efficient, low-cost solutions in multiple aspects of film production, such as script writing, special effects production and image generation. However, AIGC technology still presents challenges in emotional expression and accurate communication of cultural context. This paper analyzes the application status of AIGC technology in movies and points out its limitations in character expression, tone of character lines, and background construction. It is found that the emotional expression of characters generated by AIGC often lacks delicacy and cannot perfectly present complex emotional changes, especially for the emotional expression in a specific cultural background. To this end, the article suggests that the AIGC technology should play a greater role in film production by enriching the emotional and cultural data of the AIGC model and strengthening the deep understanding of text and images.

Space-Ground Remote Sensor Network for Monitoring Suspended Sediments in the Yellow River Basin.

The Yellow River, China's second-largest river, is renowned for its high sediment content. In response to the potential impacts of climate change on Yellow River water resources and water environmental management, an advanced monitoring and forecasting system for water and sediment throughout the entire Yellow River basin-from its source to the sea-is urgently needed. In this paper, based on the current status of water and sediment monitoring technologies, we proposed an integrated remote sensing monitoring network that combines satellite remote sensing, drone remote sensing, and ground-based wireless automatic monitoring networks, aiming to achieve the digital monitoring of water and sediment across the entire Yellow River basin, from its upper reaches to its estuary in the Bohai Sea. By utilizing ground-based in situ hyperspectral stations for sediment source areas in the upper reaches, such as the Qingshui River basin in Ningxia, and satellite remote sensing for midstream processes in the Xiaolangdi reservoir before the flood season in 2023, as well as downstream monitoring at the Yellow River estuary, this paper demonstrates the novelty and efficiency of the space-air-ground integrated remote sensing monitoring technology.

Application Status and Future Prospects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Technology

In recent years, the nursing technology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has developed rapidly in the country. TCM nursing technology mainly refers to the application of TCM therapy in clinical nursing practice, such as acupoint massage, cupping, ear point pressure beans, scraping, wet compress of traditional Chinese medicine, etc. Its application can not only effectively reduce the pain of patients, but also can promote the treatment effect, help patients recover early, but also help to further improve the quality of service of nursing staff. In clinical nursing practice, however, the application of TCM nursing technology still has some problems, such as the theory of traditional Chinese medicine nursing quality to promote, “Internet + TCM nursing” is still in the exploratory stage, etc. This article mainly discusses the application status and existing problems of Chinese medicine nursing technique, coping strategies and its future prospects for related analysis and research, hope to be able to improve the quality of TCM nursing technology application in China to provide some reference and reference.

Laboratorium zmian. Edukacja projektowa w obliczu sztucznej inteligencji

The development of generative AI brings new challenges, which could result in total redefinition of design education and practice alike. The article shortly describes the evolution of design over the recent 15 years. It demonstrates how UX and related areas have risen in importance, which made many persons dealing with the more traditional forms of design acquire new skills, including business ones. Next, it refers this “evolution” to the current moment, when the development and increase in AI use forces designers to, once again, re-evaluate their competenggcy in this context. The text also proposes a thesis that the long-term designers’ engagement in building the foundation of technological status quo does not translate into reflection on the variants of automation conductive of life and well-being. It draws attention to the fact that shaping educational programmes in response to the market needs limits the possibilities of appropriate consideration of other prospective variants of technology or social and economic consequences of automation. In parallel, it indicates the potential of change in this situation, which should be commenced by asking adequate, bold questions and challenging the status quo. Keywords: design education, design critique, evolution of design practice, automation, artificial intelligence (AI)

A review of load forecasting technology based on artificial intelligence

Abstract. Driven by the "dual carbon" goals and the construction of new-type power systems, the importance of power load forecasting technology has become increasingly prominent. Accurate power load forecasting can not only ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, but also promote the efficient use of clean energy and reduce carbon emissions. Traditional power load forecasting methods have become insufficient in dealing with the complexity and nonlinear growth of power systems, and the development of artificial intelligence technology has brought new possibilities for power load forecasting. Power load forecasting methods based on machine learning and deep learning have gradually become a hot topic of research due to their powerful nonlinear mapping capabilities and advantages in processing big data. These methods not only perform well in short-term forecasting, but also show potential in medium- and long-term forecasting. This paper discusses the application of different artificial intelligence technologies in power load forecasting by sorting out the development status of related technologies, and provides a reference direction for future research.

Transportation of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) via Long-Distance Low-Temperature Pipeline and Cascade Utilization of Cold Energy

In addition to methane, liquefied natural gas (LNG) typically contains valuable light hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane. Establishing LNG receiving stations for imported LNG can effectively alleviate regional energy supply-demand conflicts, optimize energy consumption structures, promote sustainable regional economic development, and improve ecological environments. The technology for long-distance low-temperature pipeline transportation of LNG facilitates the efficient transfer and cascading utilization of the cold energy contained in LNG, allowing for deep coupling with cold networks and natural gas pipelines, thereby promoting the integrated development of LNG, cold energy, and natural gas transportation. This paper systematically summarizes the current status of LNG long-distance low-temperature pipeline transportation technology, cold energy cascading utilization technology, pipeline regulation technology, and multi-network integration technology. It analyzes the key challenges these technologies face under new strategies and looks ahead to future development trends, aiming to provide scientific insights and directions for the application of LNG long-distance low-temperature transportation and multi-network integration in China.

Innovative Design and Optimization of High-Quality Peanut Digging-Inverter

To rapidly dry peanut pods and effectively address mold issues resulting from rainy weather, this article provides an analysis of the current research status of global peanut digging, inverting, and harvesting technologies. Based on a two-stage peanut harvesting model, the operating principles of a high-quality peanut digging-inverter are elaborated upon, and the design of key machine components is discussed. The evaluation metrics for the operation of a high-quality peanut digging-inverter include the rate of vine inverting, the soil content rate, the rate of fallen pods, and the rate of buried pods. Utilizing theoretical analysis, the Box–Behnken experimental design is employed to investigate the operating parameters of these machines, with the tractor’s running speed, the linear speed of the inverting roller, and the linear speed of the conveyor chain serving as the experimental factors in a three-factor, three-level experimental study. A regression model is established to analyze the impact of each factor on operational quality and to comprehensively optimize the influencing factors. The experimental results indicate that all factors significantly affect the rate of vine inverting. The tractor’s running speed (X1) and the linear speed of the inverting roller (X3) significantly influence the rate of buried pods, while the linear speed of the conveyor chain (X2) does not have a significant effect on this rate. Similarly, the tractor’s running speed (X1) and the linear speed of the inverting roller (X3) significantly affect the rate of fallen pods, whereas the linear speed of the conveyor chain (X2) does not. Furthermore, the linear speed of the conveyor chain (X2) and the linear speed of the inverting roller (X3) significantly impact the soil content rate, while the tractor’s running speed (X1) does not. The optimal combination of operating parameters is a tractor running speed of 1 m/s, a conveyor chain linear speed of 1.3 m/s, and an inverting roller linear speed of 2.1 m/s. Under these conditions, the high-quality peanut digging-inverter achieves a vine inverting rate of 89.29%, a buried pod rate of 0.31%, a fallen pod rate of 0.74%, and a soil content rate of 8.11%. The experimental values for each evaluation index exhibit relative errors of 1.14%, 6.45%, 1.35%, and 0.13% compared to the optimized values provided by the Design-Expert software. The findings of this research will facilitate the development of hardware conditions for the future intelligent and information-based harvesting of peanuts, thereby establishing a solid foundation for the high-quality initial processing of oilseeds.

Key Issues of Salt Cavern Flow Battery

Salt cavern flow batteries (SCFBs) are an energy storage technology that utilize salt caverns to store electrolytes of flow batteries with a saturated NaCl solution as the supporting electrolyte. However, the geological characteristics of salt caverns differ significantly from above-ground storage tanks, leading to complex issues in storing electrolytes within salt caverns. Therefore, investigating and summarizing these issues is crucial for the advancement of SCFB technology. This paper’s innovation lies in its comprehensive review of the current state and development trends in SCFBs both domestically and internationally. First, the current development status of SCFB energy storage technology both domestically and internationally is summarized. Then, eight main issues are proposed from the perspectives of salt cavern geological characteristics (tightness, conductivity, ions, and temperature) and electrolyte properties (selection, permeability, corrosion, and concentration). Finally, a novel SCFB system is proposed to address the most critical issue, which is the low concentration and uneven distribution of active materials in the current SCFB system. The review in this paper not only comprehensively summarizes the development status of SCFBs both domestically and internationally, but also points out the direction for the future research focussing on SCFBs.

Advancements and Security Challenges in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

This paper explores the significant advancements in IIoT, focusing on the increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation brought about by interconnected industrial systems. Despite the numerous benefits, the paper also delves into the critical security challenges inherent in IIoT deployments. These include vulnerabilities in network infrastructure, potential cyber- attacks targeting industrial control systems, and data privacy concerns stemming from the vast amounts of sensitive information generated. The analysis highlights the necessity for robust cybersecurity measures, including advanced encryption, intrusion detection systems, and secure communication protocols. This report offers a thorough assessment of the current status of IIoT technology by looking at both the opportunities and threats related to it. It offers insights into best practices and emerging solutions aimed at mitigating security threats, ensuring a secure and resilient industrial ecosystem. The paper concludes by discussing future directions for research and development, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to addressing the complex challenges and unlocking the full potential of IIoT.