Status Of Surface Waters Research Articles

RISK ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATERS ASSOCIATED WITH WATER CIRCULATION TECHNOLOGIES ON TROUT FARMS

Dynamic development of aquaculture has led to an increasing impact on the status of surface waters. Fish production generates wastes that, at high concentrations, may present a serious risk to the aquatic environment. Studies on the assessment of the impact of water management technologies in trout production on the quality of surface waters were conducted in 2011. Six farms were selected for the studies and were divided into two groups based on water management solutions (n = 3): farms with a flow through system (FTS) and farms with a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). On all farms, water measurement points were set and they depicted the quality of inflow water, the quality of water in ponds and the quality of outflow water. The studies did not demonstrate any impact of applied technology on electrolyte conductivity or calcium and magnesium concentrations in outflow water from a trout operation. In addition, it was found that the use of water for production purposes resulted in a slight increase in phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations in waste waters.

Emerging contaminants in surface waters in China—a short review

Emerging contaminants (ECs) have drawn attention to many countries due to their persistent input and potential threat to human health and the environment. This article reviews the current contamination sources and their status for surface waters in China. The contamination levels of ECs in surface waters are in the range ng L−1 to μg L−1 in China, apparently about the same as the situation in other countries. ECs enter surface water via runoff, drainage, rainfall, and wastewater treatment effluent. The frequency of occurrence of ECs increased rapidly from 2006 to 2011; a significant reason is the production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. As for the distribution of EC pollution in China, the frequency of occurrence of ECs in eastern regions is higher than in western regions. A majority of EC studies have focused on surface waters of the Haihe River and Pearl River watersheds due to their highly developed industries and intense human activity. Legislative and administrative regulation of ECs is lacking in China. To remove ECs, a number of technologies, such as absorption by activated carbon, membrane filtration technology, and advanced oxidation processes, have been researched.

A novel contact assay for testing aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated toxicity of chemicals and whole sediments in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

The European Water Framework Directive aims to achieve a good ecological and chemical status in surface waters until 2015. Sediment toxicology plays a major role in this intention as sediments can act as a secondary source of pollution. In order to fulfill this legal obligation, there is an urgent need to develop whole-sediment exposure protocols, since sediment contact assays represent the most realistic scenario to simulate in situ exposure conditions. Therefore, in the present study, a vertebrate sediment contact assay to determine aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity of particle-bound pollutants was developed. Furthermore, the activity and the expression of the CYP1 family in early life stages of zebrafish after exposure to freeze-dried sediment samples were investigated. In order to validate the developed protocol, effects of β-naphthoflavone and three selected sediment on zebrafish embryos were investigated. Results documented clearly AhR-mediated toxicity after exposure to β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and to the sediment from the Vering canal. Upregulation of mRNA levels was observed for all investigated sediment samples. The highest levels of all investigated cyp genes (cyp1a, cyp1b1, cyp1c1, and cyp1c2) were recorded after exposure to the sediment sample of the Vering canal. In conclusion, the newly developed sediment contact assay can be recommended for the investigation of dioxin-like activities of single substances and the bioavailable fraction of complex environmental samples. Moreover, the exposure of whole zebrafish embryos to native (freeze-dried) sediment samples represents a highly realistic and ecologically relevant exposure scenario.

Iron and macro-nutrient concentrations in sea ice and their impact on the nutritional status of surface waters in the southern Okhotsk Sea

To elucidate the roles of sea ice in biogeochemical cycles in the Sea of Okhotsk, the concentrations of macro-nutrients (NO3+NO2, PO4, SiO2, and NH4) and trace elements (Fe, Al) were measured in samples of sea ice, overlying snow, and seawater. The oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) in the sea ice was used to distinguish between snow ice and seawater-origin ice. Except for NH4, the macro-nutrient concentrations were lower in sea ice than in surface water in the ice-covered area. A linear relationship between salinity and concentrations of NO3+NO2, PO4, and SiO2 in the sea ice indicated that these macro-nutrients originated mainly from seawater.The Fe concentrations in sea ice were variable and several orders of magnitude higher than those in surface water in the ice-covered area. The Fe concentrations in the sea ice were positively correlated with Al concentrations, the suggestion being that the Fe contained in the sea ice originated mainly from lithogenic mineral particles. The annual Fe flux into the surface water from sea ice melting in the southern Sea of Okhotsk was estimated to be ∼740μmolFem−2yr−1. This flux is comparable to the reported annual atmospheric Fe flux (267–929μmolFem−2yr−1) in the western North Pacific. In spring, sea ice melting may slightly dilute macro-nutrient concentrations but increase Fe concentrations in surface water. These results suggest that sea ice may contribute to phytoplankton growth by release of Fe into the water column and have a large impact on biogeochemical cycles in the Sea of Okhotsk.

The European Union Water Framework Directive and the ecological status assessment of inland waters

Upon accession to the European Union in June 2004, Poland recognized the legal jurisdiction of community laws, including that of the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC). This directive effected a fundamental shift, at least in member countries, in the approach to water management which included classification and assessment methods for inland waters. The WFD provides principles for assessing the status of entire aquatic ecosystems based on various biological elements or organism assemblages inhabiting waters (Soszka and Lyche Solheim 2011). The WFD sets forth provisions for the development of national assessment systems, with the novel requirement of taking into consideration reference conditions, according to which the degree of transformation in a given area of surface waters is assessed. River basin management plans created according to WFD provisions should include all surface waters within natural hydrographic units, which are divided into water segments and include surface water categories of rivers, lakes, transitional waters, coastal waters, and artificial and heavily modified water bodies. The WFD also underscores the necessity and provides general guidelines for developing the appropriate tools for conducting assessments of surface water status. The biological elements should include the following parameters and groups of organisms: composition, abundance, and biomass of phytoplankton; composition and abundance of other aquatic flora; composition and abundance of benthic invertebrates; composition, abundance, and age structure of ichthyofauna. Unfortunately, this definitive list excludes zooplankton, which has been established by science as being a significant bioindicator (e.g., Karabin 1985).

An Investigation into the Presence of Pathogenic Organisms as Indicators of Contamination in Erelu Dam of Oyo, Oyo State

An Investigation into the Presence of Pathogenic Organisms as Indicators of Contamination in Erelu Dam of Oyo, Oyo State

Characteristics of Selected Quality Parameters of the Swimming Pools Port in Swinoujscie

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Świnoujście, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, NO3-, PO43-, Ptot.. Port of Świnoujście is a sea port located on the Gulf of Pomorską, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The Port is located at the Świna, in Świnoujście, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The port can be placed on ships with a maximum length of 42.0 m and width 260,0 m, draught 12.8 m. The tides in the Harbor, but the water level fluctuations are possible with sudden currents entering and outgoing, which depending on the direction of prevailing winds and reaching speeds of up to 1.5 knots. At the entrance to the port at the West breakwater, It is Western.The primary function of the port of Świnoujście is the transshipment of cereals, ores, oil, paper, cellulose, general cargo, coal, iron. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 0.5 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH.Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Świnoujście on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water in Pools of Port in Świnoujściein 2009

The aim of this work was to be traced during the summer and autumn of 2009 the level and dynamics of changes in the waters of the port the port Świnoujście general parameters pools water quality. In the work of the General indicators of water temperature, were numbered: pH, BOD5, COD-Cr, Cl-. All the markings and the calculation was performed according to the methods recommended by Polish Standards, applying analytical procedures described in. by Dojlido, Elbanowską, Hermanowicz. Port of Świnoujście is a sea port located on the Gulf of Pomorską, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The Port is located at the Świna, in Świnoujście, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The port can be placed on ships with a maximum length of 42.0 m and width 260,0 m, draught 12.8 m. The tides in the Harbor, but the water level fluctuations are possible with sudden currents entering and outgoing, which depending on the direction of prevailing winds and reaching speeds of up to 1.5 knots. At the entrance to the port at the West breakwater, It is Western. The primary function of the port of Świnoujście is the transshipment of cereals, ores, oil, paper, cellulose, general cargo, coal, iron. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 2 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Świnoujście on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water in Pools of Port in Szczecin in 2009

The aim of this work was to be traced during the summer and autumn of 2009 the level and dynamics of changes in the waters of the Port of Szczecin General docks parameters water quality. In the work of the General indicators of water temperature, were numbered: pH, BOD5, COD-Cr, Cl-. All the markings and the calculation was performed according to the methods recommended by Polish Standards, applying analytical procedures described in by Dojlido, Elbanowska, Hermanowicz. Port of Szczecin is located on the Oder river and its right shoulder Regalicy. Is located in the western part of the port of Szczecin, in the northern part of the Valley of the lower Oder river on May. The port consists of water bodies which are branches of the Oder river and the channels: Mieleński, Grabowski, Dunczyca Channel Figh, Wroclaw, Parnica, Channel Channel Debicki and Lake Dabie. Trying is water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 2 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Szczecin on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Characteristics of Selected Quality Parameters of the Swimming Pools Port in Szczecin

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Szczecin, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, NO3-, PO43-, Ptot.. Port of Szczecin is located on the Oder river and its right shoulder Regalicy. Is located in the western part of the port of Szczecin, in the northern part of the Valley of the lower Oder river on May. The port consists of water bodies which are branches of the Oder river and the channels: Mielenski, Grabowski, Dunczyca Channel Figh, Wroclaw, Parnica, Channel Channel Debicki and Lake Dabie. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 0.5 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Szczecin on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Past acidification and recovery of surface waters, soils and ecology in the United Kingdom: Prospects for the future under current deposition and land use protocols

The dynamic hydrogeochemical model MAGIC has been applied extensively throughout Europe and North America and has proven to be a valuable tool for predicting the chemical response of catchment soils and surface waters to future changes in atmospheric pollution and land use. Here we present an application of MAGIC to 22 sites in the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (UKAWMN) that incorporated uncertainty in model calibration (using 20 years of surface water observations) to evaluate past acidification and prospects for future recovery in surface waters, soils and key ecological indicators. Simulated ANC in 1860 indicated that prior to industrialisation, all UKAWMN surface waters were above the critical acid neutralising capacity (ANC) limit of 20μeql–1, with the exception of a naturally acid site, underlain by granite with large expanses of bare rock, scree and eroded peat in Northern Ireland (Blue Lough); this site had a baseline ANC value <20μeql–1. The significant increase in acidic deposition from 1860 to its peak during the 1970s resulted in surface water acidification at 14 of the study sites (ANC<20μeql–1). The rate and magnitude of chemical recovery in soil is highly variable among sites owing to differences in factors such as soil mineral weathering and base saturation. Despite the significant reductions in sulphur and to a lesser extent nitrogen deposition since 1970, the simulated soil base saturation at all study sites either continued to decline or remained stable until the late 1980s, with marginal recovery detected at some sites in the past decade. Predictions were based on an emission reduction scenario (Gothenburg protocol) to 2020, and land use scenarios to 2050 based on approved Forestry Commission plans at the five afforested sites. Model predictions indicated that, in general, surface water acid status will continue to improve during the next decade and beyond under the Gothenburg protocol. Surface water recovery was primarily attributed to the significant decline in sulphate concentrations from a present day mean of 58.5μeql–1–43.8μeql–1 in 2020. The contribution of nitrate (NO3–) leaching to the total acid status of surface water was small and predicted to decrease from 10.9μeql–1 in 2007 to 9.6μeql–1 in 2020. By 2100, NO3– concentrations increased slightly to 11.8μeql–1 having a small confounding influence on the rate of chemical recovery at most sites in the network. The future response of soil base saturation to reductions in acid deposition and land use change was mixed and the difference in behaviour between sites is unclear. Whilst recent studies (Malcolm et al., 2014a,b; Monteith et al., 2014) have demonstrated that forest practices have contributed to the acidification of surface waters, in this study, there was no evidence from the model predictions that forested sites will follow a different recovery trajectory to moorland sites. Planned reductions in coniferous forest cover amounting to approximately 13% across the five afforested sites resulted in a slight increase in ANC and pH. Ecological predictions highlighted the sensitivity of three indicator species (Baetis Rhodani, Achnanthes minutissima and salmonids) to changes in the acid status of surface water in the past and into the future. There was clear evidence of biological recovery by 2015 with some sites returning close to their pre-industrial biological status (Allt a’Mharcaidh) while at others (including Loch Grannoch and River Etherow) predicted recovery was incomplete for one or more of the studied indicator species.

Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water in Pools of Port in Szczecin in 2009

The aim of this work was to be traced during the summer and autumn of 2009 the level and dynamics of changes in the waters of the Port of Szczecin General docks parameters water quality. In the work of the General indicators of water temperature, were numbered: pH, BOD5, COD-Cr, Cl-. All the markings and the calculation was performed according to the methods recommended by Polish Standards, applying analytical procedures described in by Dojlido, Elbanowska, Hermanowicz. Port of Szczecin is located on the Oder river and its right shoulder Regalicy. Is located in the western part of the port of Szczecin, in the northern part of the Valley of the lower Oder river on May. The port consists of water bodies which are branches of the Oder river and the channels: Mieleński, Grabowski, Dunczyca Channel Figh, Wroclaw, Parnica, Channel Channel Debicki and Lake Dabie. Trying is water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 2 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Szczecin on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water in Pools of Port in Świnoujściein 2009

The aim of this work was to be traced during the summer and autumn of 2009 the level and dynamics of changes in the waters of the port the port Świnoujście general parameters pools water quality. In the work of the General indicators of water temperature, were numbered: pH, BOD5, COD-Cr, Cl-. All the markings and the calculation was performed according to the methods recommended by Polish Standards, applying analytical procedures described in. by Dojlido, Elbanowską, Hermanowicz. Port of Świnoujście is a sea port located on the Gulf of Pomorską, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The Port is located at the Świna, in Świnoujście, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The port can be placed on ships with a maximum length of 42.0 m and width 260,0 m, draught 12.8 m. The tides in the Harbor, but the water level fluctuations are possible with sudden currents entering and outgoing, which depending on the direction of prevailing winds and reaching speeds of up to 1.5 knots. At the entrance to the port at the West breakwater, It is Western. The primary function of the port of Świnoujście is the transshipment of cereals, ores, oil, paper, cellulose, general cargo, coal, iron. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 2 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Świnoujście on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Mining Caused Environmental Damage Impact on the Hydrosphere Status of the Middle Urals

Analysis of reasons for formation of the historical environmental damage is made. The damage has been accumulated due to mining activities. Its impact on the status of surface water and groundwater has been estimated after termination of the mineral deposits’ mining. It is shown that mining leads to a series of hydro/geological problems that are specific to a mining area. Poor state of the hydrosphere after the end of production is determined by the fact that an effective mechanism for elimination of past environmental damage has not been developed.

Research of the Kizil-Dere Deposit Gallery Drainage Impact on Ecological and Hydro/chemical State of the Samur River Basin Waters

Ecological and hydro/chemical status of surface waters and river sediments subjected to technogenic impact of the Kizik-Dere deposit has been assessed according to the data of the 2010–2011 testing. It has been stated that the gallery drainage from the deposit negatively infl uence the Samur River basin waters quality during some periods. Accumulation of the heavy metals ions and their extremely high content in the gallery drainage sediments were noted in the Kizil-Dere and the Akhtychay rivers that were second and fi rst order tributaries of the Samur River, respectively.

Characteristics of Selected Quality Parameters of the Swimming Pools Port in Swinoujscie

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Świnoujście, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, NO3-, PO43-, Ptot.. Port of Świnoujście is a sea port located on the Gulf of Pomorską, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The Port is located at the Świna, in Świnoujście, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The port can be placed on ships with a maximum length of 42.0 m and width 260,0 m, draught 12.8 m. The tides in the Harbor, but the water level fluctuations are possible with sudden currents entering and outgoing, which depending on the direction of prevailing winds and reaching speeds of up to 1.5 knots. At the entrance to the port at the West breakwater, It is Western.The primary function of the port of Świnoujście is the transshipment of cereals, ores, oil, paper, cellulose, general cargo, coal, iron. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 0.5 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH.Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Świnoujście on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Characteristics of Selected Quality Parameters of the Swimming Pools Port in Szczecin

To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Szczecin, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, NO3-, PO43-, Ptot.. Port of Szczecin is located on the Oder river and its right shoulder Regalicy. Is located in the western part of the port of Szczecin, in the northern part of the Valley of the lower Oder river on May. The port consists of water bodies which are branches of the Oder river and the channels: Mielenski, Grabowski, Dunczyca Channel Figh, Wroclaw, Parnica, Channel Channel Debicki and Lake Dabie. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 0.5 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Szczecin on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.

Remote sensing of aquatic vegetation to comply with the needs of the Water Framework Directive

The objective of this review is to summarize the results of remote sensing in the assessment of the ecological status of surface waters and in surmounting the spatial and temporal scale issues manifested in monitoring according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Remote sensing of water quality has undergone significant development during the past four decades. Some ecological quality elements important in WFD can be determined with adequate precision in a wide concentration range by near-surface, airborne, and satellite remote sensing (primarily chlorophyll-a, suspended solids, and dissolved organic matter). With remote sensing methods, it is possible to distinguish algal phyla using remote sensing of pigments other than chlorophyll-a. Remote sensing is also applicable for reviewing distribution, coverage, and association structure of macrophytes. Some hydromorphological characteristics of water bodies, certain pollution sources in their catchment areas, as well as land cover and land use conditions ...

Impact of drought on the ecological and chemical status of surface water and on the content of arsenic and fluoride pollutants of groundwater in the province of Salamanca (Western Spain)

The impact of drought on the ecological and chemical status of surface and groundwaters of the River Tormes (River Duero basin, northwestern Iberian Peninsula) was studied to evaluate the evolution of the quality of the river during its passage through the city of Salamanca (Spain). The Water Quality Index (WQI) of the river revealed that the drought period of 2005 did not significantly affect water chemical quality. However, during the study period differences were found in surface water ecological quality, using phytoplankton quality as AN indicator. These differences may be accentuated as a result of regulation of the River Tormes by the Santa Teresa reservoir. Arsenic and fluoride concentrations were measured in water wells, finding higher arsenic concentrations after the drought period and no correlation between the arsenic and fluoride contents. The results are useful for an overall understanding of potential impact of climate change on the ecological and chemical status of water in regional systems.

Pollution of the Ecosystem of the Rusalka City Lake with Heavy Metals / Zanieczyszczenie Ekosystemu Śródmiejskiego Jeziora Rusałka Metalami Ciężkimi

Abstract In the vegetation season April-October 2010, the value of and the changes in Zntot., Cutot., Cdtot. and Pbtot. concentrations in the water of the Rusalka flow-through lake (with average water retention of ca 30 days) situated in the city centre of Szczecin were determined. Water temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen (with calculation of water saturation with O2), COD-Cr and BOD5, total hardness, - 3 HCO concentration (as total alkalinity), Cl-, - 24 SO , Mntot and Fetot were also determined. The data collected may be used to evaluate the ecological and chemical status of the surface waters under investigation. As far as the ecological status of the Rusalka Lake is concerned, the investigated waters were found, based on the official criteria being in force in Poland in evaluation of the ecological and chemical status of surface waters, to conform to water quality classes I and II considering total zinc and copper concentrations, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration (except water inflow to the lake in August) as well as BOD5, - 24 SO and Cl- concentrations and pH value; however, they were always worse than water quality class II while taking the COD-Cr values into account. Regarding the chemical status of the investigated waters, total cadmium and lead concentrations were the levels exceeding the admissible values according to the official criteria in Poland. Changes in the values of indices being investigated along water flow path allowed stating that the equilibriums between the sedimentation and the resuspension and the dissolution processes during the research period were shifted towards sedimentation in case of Zn and Cd only, as well as of the organic matter sedimenting in the form of divalent cation- and divalent anion-sorbing gels. Although three phytoplankton blooms occurred in the body of water, unfortunately weak ones, the dissimilation processes prevailed over assimilation.