Status Of Prisoners Research Articles

Etnografi Lembaga Pemasyarakatan: Adaptasi, Resistensi & Penghukuman

This paper is the result of the author's research on Ethnography Penal Institution as a place of imprisonment execution. Adaptation and Resistance in prison life reflect the existence of the social structure and social status of prisoners. The semi-autonomous policy integrates the standard of fixed procedures and the use of adaptation networks to overcome the limitations faced by prisoners.

“Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich Ordered…”: Documents on the Situation of the Lithuanian, German and Jewish Prisoners after the End of the Smolensk War of 1632–1634

The article is based on the documents of the Siberian Department (Sibirsky prikaz) from the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts dealing with the problem of determining the legal status of Lithuanian, German and Jewish prisoners after the Russian-Polish (Smolensk) War of 1632–1634 and the signing of the Polyanovsky peace treaty with Poland. The documents show that captive foreigners, including Jews, were allowed to remain permanently in Russia without obligatory conversion to Christianity.

The status of prisoners of war before its regulation in international law on the example of Polish prisoners of war of the Grande Arm´ee in Russian captivity (1812–1816)

The status of prisoners of war before its regulation in international law on the example of Polish prisoners of war of the Grande Arm´ee in Russian captivity (1812–1816)

Joan of Arc as prisonnière de guerre

Abstract Contrary to long-standing claims, the French term prisonnier de guerre dates back to long before the early seventeenth century. The corpus of documents at the centre of this article includes some sixty occurrences of the term (in French or Latin) over a period of more than a century, the earliest dating to 1357. In contrast with previous studies on the status of prisoners of war which have tended to rely on a modern conception of the term, this investigation focuses on contemporary perceptions of those who were designated prisonniers de guerre in the later Middle Ages. The significance of this discussion is demonstrated through a detailed examination of the example of Joan of Arc, who, perhaps surprisingly, was considered a prisonnière de guerre by the English. In her case—which was by no means an exception to the general rule—the status of prisonnier de guerre derived from the property rights which her ‘master’ (or captor) enjoyed over her. It did not involve any protection of the prisoner her- (or him-) self. Contemporary debates about the status of prisonniers de guerre, when such questions were raised, were focused on the rights of the master. It may, therefore, be more appropriate to speak not of the status of prisoner of war but rather of the status of the master of the prisoner of war.

Is health coaching effective in changing the health status and behaviour of prisoners?\u2014a systematic review protocol

BackgroundThis is a protocol for a systematic review of the impact of health coaching on changing the health behaviour of offenders. Prisoners are more likely to suffer from health-related issues when compared to the general population. Health coaching has been shown to influence health outcomes of patients with chronic conditions. This review, therefore, aims to assess the effectiveness of health coaching interventions on the health of adolescent and adult offenders in custodial institutions.MethodsWe plan to conduct a systematic review of the current literature on health coaching interventions delivered in the prison setting. We will include randomised controlled trials and observational studies that compare health coaching to the usual care or other alternative interventions. The ideal interventions will be delivered either by health professionals or peer coaches, and the outcomes extracted in the data collection will be disease-specific, clients’ life and self-management skills, behavioural and psychosocial outcomes. If appropriate, a meta-analysis of the data collected will be carried out on the last stage of the review.DiscussionThis systematic review will identify and gather evidence on the impact of health coaching interventions delivered in the prison setting and can function as a supporting material for health professionals, prison staff, the healthcare system, and public health departments when considering delivering health coaching.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42016053237.

One-fourth of the prisoners are underweight in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDespite the fact that prisoners are exposed to different health problems, prison health problems are often overlooked by researchers and no previous study has investigated nutritional problems of prisoners in Ethiopia.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from 809 prisoners from nine major prison setups in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. A proportional stratified sampling technique was used to select the total number of participants needed from each prison site. The outcome of this study was underweight defined as body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5 kg/m2. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of underweight at a p-value of less than 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of underweight was 25.2% (95% CI; 22.3%- 28.3%). Khat Chewing (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.70) and longer duration of incarceration (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) were associated with a significantly increased risk of underweight. Additionally, previous incarceration (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.99, 2.42) was a relevant determinant of underweight with a borderline significance. In contrast, family support (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.85) and farmer occupation (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.36, 0.98) compared to those who were unemployed were important protective determinants significantly associated with lower risk of underweight.ConclusionIn summary, the burden of underweight was higher among prisoners in Tigray region who had respiratory tract infections. The study has enhanced our understanding of the determinants of underweight in the prison population. We strongly recommend that nutritional support, such as therapeutic feeding programs for severely or moderately underweight prisoners, and environmental health interventions of the prison setups should be urgently implemented to correct the uncovered nutritional problem and its associated factors for improving the health status of prisoners.

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Prisoners Living with HIV/AIDS in Kality Prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Introduction: In the case Human Immune Deficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), prison conditions not only contribute to the risk of transmission, it also hastens the progression of HIV and deterioration in the health of prisoners living with HIV/AIDS. Prisons typically comprise marginalized sections of society and at high nutritional risk due to lack of diet diversity, as these prisoners depend on few kinds of food for a long time and in a situation, adequacy of nutritional requirement is a great issue of concern. Objective: To assess nutritional status and associated factors among prisoners living with HIV/AIDS in Kality prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016. Method: Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted among randomly selected 412 prisoners on pre Anti-Retroviral Therapy and Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Kality prison, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February to March, 2016. The data entered to Epi-info version 7.0 and export to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to identify nutritional status and associated factors that affect nutritional status of prisoners living with HIV/AIDS. Results: The overall magnitude of malnutrition was found to be 43% among prisoners living with HIV/AIDS. Female respondents were 92% times less likely to develop malnutrition than male respondents (AOR 0.08 [95% CI 0.02, 0.42) and those who were in the age range of ≥ 50 were eight times more likely to be malnourished with (AOR 8.68 [95% CI 1.59, 47.28]) than other age groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight was very high among prisoners living with HIV/AIDS in this area. Recommendation: The prison administrative body should give emphasis on increasing diversified food and Proper nutritional assessment should be the vital part of HIV care management by health workers.

The Law and Foreign Prisoners in Texas: A Socio-Legal Analysis

We examine in this article the legal status of foreign prisoners in the United States in general, and in the State of Texas in particular. With few exceptions, the law does not distinguish between domestic and foreign prisoners, granting similar rights and obligations to each. We conclude this article by examining current controversies in the treatment of foreign prisoners in the United States. Issues examined include dietary restrictions, use of languages other than English, length of hair, and mandatory and indefinite detention of aliens.

Predicting Re-Incarceration Status of Prisoners in Contemporary China: Applying Western Criminological Theories.

Studies have revealed that self-control theory, social learning theory, and strain theory are useful in explaining criminal activity in China. Previous research with Chinese data, however, has focused almost exclusively on samples of adolescents and the minor types of offending that are typically captured in such samples. The present study builds upon prior work by considering the extent to which these three major etiological theories of crime can help differentiate between profiles of Chinese prisoners categorized with respect to re-incarceration status. Specifically, we derive hypotheses that predict prisoners' status as first-time inmates or inmates with multiple incarcerations. These hypotheses are assessed with recently collected data for a sample of approximately 1,800 prisoners in Southern China. The results reveal that indicators of peer criminality, low self-control, and negative emotions (a theorized outcome of experiences of strain) are all positively associated with re-incarceration status.

‘Feels (Not) Like At Home’: Perlakuan di Lapas, Interaksi Sosial dan Harapan Pengguna Narkoba Mantan Narapidana

AbstractThe estimation of HIV prevalence among prisoners is 24 times higher than that of the generalpopulation in Indonesia. This high HIV prevalence in a number of prison in Indonesia is caused bythe many drug users who become prisoners (Kemenhukham2010). The existence of HarmReductionprogram in Indonesia plays a significant role in the success of the reduction in the risk ofHIV transmission through injecting among drug users. This article is focused on thesocialinteraction experienced by drug users when they are sentenced and after serving a sentence.Despite the fact that Ditjenpas declares that prisoners are entitled to obtain appropriate treatment,most drug users, particularly injecting drug users, feel that they are treated differently from otherprisoners as well as warden due to their drug users status, especially when they access healthservices. Thus, they end up learning helplessly because of their prisoner status. Drug users preferto be isolated from other non-drug user prisoners since the interaction with the latter has giventhem a chance ‘to learn’ about other kinds of criminals. Interaction among drug users themselvesis relatively fine, and they share ‘sense of togetherness’ and ‘sense of belongingness’ led to theirsecurity in the prison. But this is not the case between drug users and non-drug use prisoners. Thelatter tends to stigmatize. Family support when they are sentenced and after serving a sentence ishighly expected because family plays a significant role to help them dealing with their addictionandthe effort to get out from drug use vicious circle, particularly for their healthcare. Manysupport by their family, others are neglected. But, family can also be the one who supports theirdrug using habit in the secure atmosphere (named home) to secure family shame. When theyrelease from prison, many expect to be accepted as other members of the society and are includedin surrounding social activities. Others prefer to be socially neglected because they perceive thatothers concern potentially lead to social stigmaKeywords: drugs, ex-convict, social interaction, HIV, prisoners.

A Childhood Cut Short: Child Deaths in Penal Custody and the Pains of Child Imprisonment

AbstractThe death of a child in penal custody is an infrequent, but particularly tragic, event. In seeking to explain such events, the tendency has been to focus on individual pathology or vulnerability. This article begins from the premise that in order to better understand child deaths in penal custody, it is necessary to move beyond such explanations and consider the wider systematic, cultural, operational, and policy issues. It contributes to the debate by exploring the specific ‘pains of child imprisonment’ as narrated by teenage boys (aged 15–17 years) in an English young offender institution (YOI). It is argued that, trapped in ‘kidulthood’, the dual status of child prisoners poses experiential, conceptual, and practical complexities, but it also produces pains, losses, and burdens that are unique to childhood.

Health status and access to health services of female prisoners in Greece: a cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundSelf-reported health status of prisoners’ population and access to health services during incarceration have not been adequately explored in Greece. The purpose of this study was to assess female prisoners’ health status and access to healthcare in the Attica detention center “Korydallos”.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2014. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed, including questions on the prisoners’ socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported health status before and after incarceration, access to and quality of the provided health services. Inmates who were in solitary confinement, suffered from serious psychiatric problems, or were unable to understand the Greek language were excluded from the study. Data were collected via personal interviews and information received was anonymized. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used. The difference between self-reported general health status prior to and during detention was analyzed by Wilcoxon test, while the relationship between health status and access to healthcare was explored with coefficient Spearman's rho. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 level and statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS 19.ResultsOf the 135 prisoners, 101 participated in the study. 60.4 % mentioned a moderate or poor health status, while the respective percentage before detention was 32.7 %. Health status deterioration and poor mental health were reported by more than half of the respondents. Additionally, the vast majority expressed raised feelings such as sadness, anxiety or discomfort which affected negatively their everyday life while in prison. Regarding risk factors during imprisonment; tobacco consumption has increased by 16.6 % and 7.9 % of the sample admitted having used drugs. Moreover, the access to and the quality of provided health services in prison were described as poor/ very poor by 46.5 % and 49.5 %, respectively. A significant correlation between the access to and the quality of health care services and health status was observed.ConclusionHealthcare provision at the “Korydallos” prison is not satisfying since the access to as well as the quality of healthcare are not adequate. Imprisonment leads to deterioration of self-reported health status. Our findings should constitute a starting point for further research in order to introduce more effective interventions aiming at meeting prisoners’ health needs.

Palestinian prisoners in Israel versus Namibian prisoners under apartheid: a potential role for the International Criminal Court

This article compares the status of Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails with the experiences of Namibian prisoners during apartheid South Africa. The situations in South Africa and Israel have much in common: both adopted dual systems for different racial groups contrary to international law. The difference was in the reaction of the international community. Superpowers were willing to intervene in the Namibia question; if that had not been the case, the situation in Namibia would have probably remained unchanged. States should take meaningful action in addition to talking forums and impose sanctions against Israelis suspected of committing crimes. The Palestinians too should utilise measures available in international law and other diplomatic channels. The recent accession of Palestine to the International Criminal Court might offer a breakthrough in dealing with the regime of apartheid enforced by Israeli occupation authorities, including the crimes against Palestinian prisoners in Israel. Yet this step requires much technical preparation.

ПРОБЛЕМА ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ВОЕННОПЛЕННЫХ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XX ВЕКА

ПРОБЛЕМА ПРАВОВОГО СТАТУСА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ВОЕННОПЛЕННЫХ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XX ВЕКА

PENGENDALIAN PEREDARAN GELAP NARKOTIKA OLEH NARAPIDANA DARI DALAM LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN (LAPAS)

Drug smuggling by high and sophisticated operation mode recently was able reach theprisoner which is as society prison status. Law enforcement officer especially the police inconducted their function as law enforcement to the prisoner that involved in drug smuggling,in disclosure and sttlement their case (investigation step) did not easy because the prisonerwas a society in prison encironment. There are two problem in this research : 1. why theconected and correlated of the legal system for drug ? 2. Why the drug smuggling is highoperation by the prisoner which is as society prison status and to up from in the prison ?The result of this research show that the law enforcement to the doer drug smuggling bythe law enforcer. Should faced ethic code profesion society, there for it was impossible forthe law the optimize of law enforcement by law enforcer to the doer of drug smuggling inprisoner society such as intern and extern efforts, where the intern effort include increasethe coordination function and cooperation between the law enforcement especially with theprison officers.

The Influence of Incarceration Length and Protection Status on Perceptions of Prison Social Climate

Using a 2 (incarceration length) × 2 (custody type) between-groups design, the present study assessed whether inmates’ perceptions of the prison social climate were influenced by their security classification and length of time they had been incarcerated. Analyses of data collected from 76 male prisoners who completed a 15-item measure of prison social climate revealed an interaction effect between length of incarceration and protective prisoner status. Those housed in protective custody who had been incarcerated for longer than 6 months rated the social climate significantly more positively than both protective custody prisoners incarcerated for less than 6 months and those not in protective custody. This interaction was strongest on those social climate dimensions relating to therapeutic hold and social cohesion. A univariate effect was also observed whereby protective custody prisoners, irrespective of incarceration length, reported that they experienced the environment as less safe than their mainstream (non-protective custody) counterparts.

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Communication to the UN Human Rights Committee Concerning the Philippiness Violation of the Human Rights of Children Prisoners under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

The Philippine state has been violating the non-derogable right to equality and non-discrimination of child prisoners, a peremptory principle of international law, on the ground of “sex… social origin, property, birth, or other status” as laid down under Article 2, Article 24, and Article 26 of the Covenant. Virtually all child prisoners come from the poorest of the poor as well. Child prisoners detained by police officers in the company of adult crime suspects include prostituted girls, children hooked on substance abuse, street urchins, child scavengers, and children with mental disabilities.With the conspiratorial acquiescence, tacit consent, and implicit authority of the President and her top officials, and in violation of the principle of equality under Paragraphs 7, 10, and 12 of Committee General Comment 18, police officers commit the crime of jailing the children of the poorest of the poor on account of their being poor, sex (with respect to girls), poor social origins, and lack of property. The President down to the police officers know that these prisoners come from the economically marginalized and politically powerless sectors of society and therefore could not stand up to defend their human rights in the face of such onslaughts from the state. This reveals the discriminatory nature of the crime of jailing children with adult crime suspects, which the President and top officials refuse to officially acknowledge and stop until now, in violation of Articles 2(1), 24, and 26.The Philippine state has been committing a form of unlawful discrimination based on the status of the child prisoners as children of the poorest of the poor, on account of their being poor, their sex (as far as girl prisoners are concerned), and of their tender age which render them defenseless and powerless to rise up in defense of their dignity and human rights in the face of the systematic, organized, and widespread onslaught by law enforcers acting under color of official authority and title from the President who is their commander-in-chief. This violates Article 26 as elucidated in Committee General Comment 28 (Paragraphs 3, 4, and 15).These state functionaries know and/or are in a position to know that these child prisoners are mostly unlettered, economically marginalized, and politically powerless; thus, enabling them to commit this institutionalized discrimination against child prisoners with impunity. The President, et. al., know and/or are in a position to know that these children are incapable of defending and protecting their rights amid the onslaughts from the law enforcers who tacitly and indirectly receive their orders from the Philippine President, who is their Commander-in-Chief.

3 Man unlock: out of sight, out of mind Art psychotherapy with a woman with severe and dangerous personality disorder in prison

‘3 Man Unlock’ refers to the status of prisoners who are considered so volatile that they cannot be let out from behind their doors without three officers present at all times. This paper uses clinical material to illustrate the use of art psychotherapy to contain the trauma and violent acting out of a woman in a prison setting, whose status was frequently ‘3 Man Unlock’. The powerful projections from behind this locked door pervaded the landing, and it began to resemble the woman's mind: fragmented, split and paranoid. Through the development of a relationship with the art psychotherapist and the making of images, these toxic projections became part of a narrative that enabled the woman to express her feelings and see them contained, perhaps allaying the fear that her anxiety would overwhelm those around her and instigate a further lock-up. This woman's work illustrates the fear and dangerousness prisoners may feel themselves, and the cycles such punitive environments may re-enact.

Who needs restraining? Re-examining the use of physical restraint in an English young offender institution

The use of physical restraint with children in penal custody has been the source of widespread concern following the restraint-related deaths of two teenage boys in 2004. Eleven years later, deep disquiet remains. Drawing upon empirical research conducted in an English young offender institution, this article assesses the key problems associated with the use of restraint and the extent to which forthcoming reforms will address the identified concerns. It argues that, thus far, the treatment of child prisoners has not given appropriate recognition to the status of the child prisoner as a child and independent rights holder with the effect that physical restraint has been used inappropriately, routinely and, in the worst cases, unlawfully, exposing children to harm. Notwithstanding the intended reforms, further legislative, policy and systemic change is required to give primacy to the status of child prisoners as children and fulfil the State's obligations under international human rights law.

Oral Mucosal Lesions among Prisoners in Central Prison, Chennai, India

ABSTRACT Background Oral health status of prisoners has been an area of concern worldwide. The prison population is unique in nature because of the complexities of their psychological, social and behavioral aspects. Limited oral healthcare facilities in prison settings have resulted in neglect of oral health among prisoners. Aim The present study aims to assess oral mucosal lesions among prisoners in Central Prison, Chennai. Materials and methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in Central Prison, Puzhal, Chennai. The study population consisted of 1060 prisoners from three divisions of the Central Prison. Oral mucosal lesions among the prisoners were assessed by a single investigator according to World Health Organization (WHO) specifications. Results The present study shows that among the study subjects, 37.7% of males and 17.1% of females developed oral mucosal lesions. The prevalence of smokers melanosis was 27.6% among males and 8.6% among females. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be highest in study subjects of 55 years and above. Conclusion A large proportion of the study subjects had oral mucosal lesions. Oral mucosal lesions like oral submucosis fibrosis, smokers palate and smokers melanosis was found to be common among males than females. Oral healthcare facilities should be incorporated in prison settings which would intercept the progress of oral mucosal lesions. How to cite this article George B, Johny MK, Mathew TA. Oral Mucosal Lesions among Prisoners in Central Prison, Chennai, India. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):77-79.