Oral Hygiene Status Research Articles

Salivary Histamine Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus Lesions.

Background and Objectives: An oral lichen planus (OLP) chronic lesion refers to a group of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that still lack a proper understanding from the point of view of relevant biomarkers for diagnostics and prognosis. The aim of the study was to assess the salivary histamine levels in patients with oral lichen planus lesions. Materials and Methods: The study included a group of 76 patients with oral lichen planus. General diseases and medication taken, smoking habits, severity of pain assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), oral hygiene status, and duration of OLP were evaluated. ELISA diagnostics for histamines in saliva levels were assessed. Results: The histamine levels in the OLP group were higher (0.468) in comparison with the control group (0.056), without a statistically significant value p = 0.090 (Mann-Whitney U Test). The median age of 76 OLP patients was 63 years (min 22.0-max. 81), with the biological sex being 80.3% females and 15 19.7% males. The average duration of OLP lesion presence was 29.4 months (SD 37.1) and the median value was 14.5 months. The median of the VAS was 3.0. OLP assessment in accordance with the Malhotra methodology showed the highest frequency-30.3% for only two of the point areas involved and 17.1% for three points. Clinical assessment of the different OLP grades, severity, and oral site involvement and the VAS in correlation with histamine salivary levels showed a lack of statistical significance in the investigated population. Conclusions: Undertaking further research could provide further possibilities for searching for general factors in OLP development.

Pengaruh Menyikat Gigi Terhadap Indek’s DMF-T, Status Kebersihan Gigi Dan Mulut (OHI-S) dan Jenis Makanan Kariogeni

According to the West Kalimantan Provincial Health Service, the individual DMF-T index for residents of West Kalimantan in 2017 recorded 6-7 cases of dental and oral health, the results of research by Rusmali, et al. in 2022 regarding the individual DMF-T index were greater than 3(30.9%). Dental and oral hygiene status (OHI-s) criteria were poor (27.6%) and moderate at 45.3%, while the type of cariogenic food frequently consumed was 45.9%. This type of quantitative is to analyze the effect of tooth brushing on the DMF-T index, OHI-s status and types of cariogenic foods that are often consumed every day, the tools used are survey sheets and questionnaires, the method used is Purposive sampling, univariate, bivariate analysis and multivariate with Regression test. The results are that on average residents brush their teeth twice a day (67.7%), their individual DMF-T index is 3-5 (32.3%), OHI-s status is medium criteria (48%), consume cariogenic foods (38 .9%), Adjt R2 value (0.9%), correlation number R (0.8) is close to 1.

Investigation the Influence of Stress on Salivary Features, Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition among a Group of Adolescents Male Students

Investigation the Influence of Stress on Salivary Features, Oral Hygiene and Gingival Health Condition among a Group of Adolescents Male Students

Relationship between the presence of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA and oral hygiene condition in dependent older individuals

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the association between the presence of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) DNA and oral hygiene condition in dependent older adults.MethodsWe focused on 45 dependent older individuals (11 males and 34 females; median age 89 years) with certified needs for long‐term support or nursing care. Real‐time PCR analysis was performed to identify HSV‐1 DNA from samples collected from the tongue surface via swab brushes. Concurrently, the detection of the 16S rRNA gene for periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was conducted.ResultsAmong the participants, HSV‐1 DNA was detected in seven out of 45 (15.6%). No significant association was observed between HSV‐1 DNA and age, sex, body mass index, dependency status, or medical history. While the rate of HSV‐1 DNA positivity was higher in participants with suboptimal or poor oral hygiene (28.6%) compared with those with good oral hygiene (9.7%), the association was not statistically significant. Similarly, a reduction in oral wetness was noted in HSV‐1 DNA‐positive participants compared with their HSV‐1 DNA‐negative counterparts, but this was also not statistically significant. Interestingly, a significant association was found between the presence of HSV‐1 DNA and P. gingivalis (P = 0.01).ConclusionIt remains unclear whether the presence of oral HSV‐1 DNA is associated with poor oral hygiene and dry mouth in dependent older individuals. Co‐infection of HSV‐1 and P. gingivalis may contribute to the pathology of periodontitis.

Two years outcome of an individualized oral health preventive program for preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Limited data exist on the effectiveness of oral health preventive programs in children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized preventive oral health program for preschool children with NDD at a rehabilitation center, over a two years period. In this study, 102 preschool children with NDD were assessed for caries (dmft), oral hygiene status (Green & Vermillion Index) and presence of developmental dental defects. An individualized preventive program was applied based on caries risk and children were followed for two years. Effectiveness of the program was assessed for caries and dental plaque change and explanatory individual factors were used in multivariate models. After two years prospective, dmft increased significantly from 1.1 (SD=2.7) to 2.04 (SD=3.6), while GVPI was reduced significantly from 1.8 (SD=0.9) to 1.4 (SD=0.9). Children in the moderate and high-risk groups missed significantly more follow-ups compared to the low caries risk group (p<.001) while older maternal age (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.057-1.808) and consumption of more than three sugary snacks/day (OR=0.005, 95%CI=0-0.0794) were significantly correlated with dental caries. The individualized preventive program for preschool children with NDD was effective in improving oral hygiene but not dental caries status.

Oral status of older adults receiving home medical care: A cross-sectional study.

This study examined the oral status and the presence of teeth requiring treatment among older adults receiving home medical care. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Japanese dental clinic specializing in geriatric treatment. We recruited older adults receiving home medical care in the community who had begun to receive domiciliary dental care. The Japanese version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT-J), as well as the presence of teeth requiring extraction and the need for assistance in maintaining oral hygiene were used to evaluate the participants' oral health and its association with other items. Ninety-three participants (44 male and 49 female, median age: 87.0 years) were surveyed. The median OHAT-J score was 6. The duration since the previous dental visit was 23 months. Sixty-two (73.8%) of 84 participants with ≥1 natural tooth had severe caries or teeth with severe mobility that required extraction. Logistic analysis revealed that requiring assistance in maintaining oral hygiene, mild dementia, severe dementia, and depression were significantly associated with an OHAT score of ≥6. Older adults receiving home medical care had poor oral health, with approximately 70% of them requiring tooth extraction. The need for assistance in maintaining oral hygiene and poor mental status contribute to poor oral health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 706-714.

Caries Incidence and Its Associated Factors in Hong Kong Kindergarten Children

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate caries incidence and its associate factors among kindergarten children in Hong Kong. MethodThis 30-month prospective study recruited 3- to 4-year-old children when they started their kindergarten study. A self-administered parental questionnaire survey was used to collect the children's social demographic information and their oral health-related habits. Child's caries experience was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) index and the visible plaque index (VPI) was used to measure their oral hygiene status. A final examination was performed after 30 months when they were in the final year of kindergarten. Data were analysed using the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model. ResultsThis study examined 660 children at baseline and 501 children at the final examination (dropout 24%). At baseline, the caries prevalence among 501 children was 23%, with mean (SD) dmft scores of 0.7 (1.8). At the final examination, caries prevalence increased to 41%, with mean (SD) dmft scores of 1.6 (2.8). The 30-month incidence rate was 34%, and the mean (SD) number of new carious teeth developed was 0.9 (1.7). Lower first molars exhibited the highest caries increment rate (11%), followed by upper second molars (9%) and upper central incisors (9%). ZINB regression analysis revealed associations among caries incidence and family income, baseline dmft, and baseline VPI (P < .05). ConclusionsOne third of Hong Kong kindergarten children developed new caries. Low family income, prior caries experience and poor oral hygiene were the significant factors associated with their caries incidence. Clinical RelevanceMany children developed new caries during their kindergarten years, with their caries experience more than doubling. Preventive measures, including oral health education and reinforcing oral hygiene practice in kindergarten, are essential to reduce their caries incidence, particularly for children with low family income, caries experience and poor oral hygiene.

The Relationship Between The Mother’s Role In Dental Care And The Status Of Oral Hygiene In Children In Peuniti Village, Banda Aceh City

Introduction: The mother’s role is crucial in shaping a child’s behavior, providing guidance, understanding, reminders, and facilitation in maintaining oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the mother’s role in dental care and the status of oral hygiene in children in Peuniti Village, Banda Aceh Materials &amp; Methods: This research adopted an analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 40 children aged 3-12 years and their mothers as respondents, selected using cluster sampling method from those who had resided in Peuniti village for at least one year. The research instruments included questionnaires, diagnostic sets, the PHP-M index, disclosing agents, and patient status cards (KSP). Results: The study was conducted in January 2024, and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software with a chi-square test (α=0.05). The results indicated a significant relationship between the mother’s role as an educator (p=0.018), motivator (p=0.016), and facilitator (p=0.015) in dental care and the status of oral hygiene in children in Peuniti Village, Banda Aceh City Conclusion: there is a correlation between the mother’s role as an educator, motivator, and facilitator in dental care and the status of oral hygiene in children in Peuniti Village, Banda Aceh City.

Prevalence of Pregnancy Tumor in Tripoli, Libya: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background and objectives. Pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumor) is one of the gingival inflammatory changes with an increased incidence during pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of pregnancy tumors in pregnant Libyan women in Tripoli, Libya. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, pregnant Libyan women were assessed at the National Heart Center-Tajoura, Jalaa Maternity Hospital, and Tripoli University Hospital during the period from August to November 2023. Data were collected through interviewing and clinical examination of the participants and filling out a data form. Results. During four months period, of 402 pregnant Libyan women, 4 (1.0%) were clinically diagnosed with pregnancy tumors. The four cases were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Half (50%) of pregnancy tumor cases were more than 30 years old, and the other half (50%) were early 20 years old. The gingiva was the only site of the lesions, and were observed equally in the maxilla and the mandible. All pregnancy tumor cases have calculus on their teeth, bleeding gums, and poor oral hygiene status. All lesions were sessile had lobulated surfaces, and showed spontaneous and provoked bleeding. Conclusions. Although the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of pregnancy tumors in pregnant Libyan women is considered low (1.0%), oral health education programs are very important during pregnancy, and if pregnant women notice any abnormal growth during pregnancy in their mouth, they should consult a dentist.

Dental treatment outcomes in Thai children treated for severe early-childhood caries under general anaesthesia and non-pharmacological behaviour management: a retrospective study

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare dental-treatment outcomes, oral-hygiene improvement, and patient co-operation during follow-up visits between children treated under general anaesthesia (GA) and non-pharmacological behaviour management (NP).MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the dental chart records of healthy patients less than 71-month-old with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) from 2008 to 2020 with at least a 6-month follow-up. The demographical data, dental-treatment outcomes, oral-hygiene status, and patient behaviour at the follow-up visits were analysed by the Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThis study included 210 GA cases and 210 age-matched control NP cases. The GA group had a significantly higher caries experience, lower patient co-operation, poorer oral hygiene, and higher number of complex dental treatment than the NP group at baseline (p < 0.001). The number of children who had incomplete dental treatment under non-pharmacological behaviour management was higher than the GA group. After treatment, the number of new carious teeth in the NP group was significantly higher than in the GA group only at the 6-month follow-up. However, there was no significant difference in treatment failure, oral-hygiene improvement, and patient behaviour between groups.ConclusionAlthough patients in the GA group had higher dental and behaviour problems than the NP group, the overall dental-treatment outcomes, including oral hygiene and behaviour improvement, were not significantly different between groups Therefore, regular follow-up and preventive treatment in the maintenance phase are essential for children with severe early-childhood caries.

Analysis of mutational variations in TP53 tumour suppressor gene among Pakistani head and neck cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of TP53 mutation among Pakistani head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who visited Nishtar Hospital Multan and Nishtar Institute of Dentistry (NID), Multan, Pakistan. While significant research has been conducted on the role of p53 in HNC throughout the world, this study is the first of its kind in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 242 samples (121 cases and 121 controls) were collected from Nishtar Hospital Multan and NID, Multan, Pakistan. After histopathological analysis to determine the stage type and grade of malignancy, DNA extraction and sequencing were carried out to assess any mutations in the TP53 region (exons 5-8). Genetic screening was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique and Chromas 2.6.6 was used to visualise the sequencing results. The mean age of cases was 50.73 ±16.41 years and controls were 37.55 ± 15.51 years. The frequency of HNC was higher in male patients (65.28%) than in female patients (34.71%). Overall, this cancer was found to be significantly more prevalent in the age group of >35-55 years (p < 0.001). Smoking (51% versus 14%), naswar usage (15.7% versus 6.6%), poor oral hygiene (52.9% versus 29.8%) and anemic status (57.0% versus 4.1%) were significantly associated with cases (p ≤ 0.05) compared to controls. Only 04 samples exon 5 (1 sample), exon 7 (2 samples) and exon 8 (1 sample) with changed mobility patterns were found on the SSCP gel. All mutations were missense and heterozygous. Out of four mutant samples, three mutations were in the hotspot regions (codon 175, 245 and 248) of p53. Based on this study, there may be a weak association between the TP53 exon 5-8 mutation and HNC patients in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Oral Health Hygiene Status And Factors Related To Oral Health Of Soldiers Of Bangladesh Army Attended Mobile Dressing Station (MDS), Khagrachari Cantonment

Background: Oral health is the state of the mouth, oral cavity, teeth and oro-facial structures that enables individuals to perform essential functions like eating, breathing and speaking, and encompasses psychosocial dimensions such as self-confidence, well-being and the ability to work without pain, discomfort and embarrassment. The aim of this study was to asses oral health hygiene status and to bring into focus the factors related to oral health of the soldiers serving in Bangladesh Army and also to find out the factors related to behavior, the oral health status and socio demographic status among them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 purposively selected soldiers of Bangladesh Army who attended Mobile Dressing Station (MDS), Khagrachari Cantonment during the period of August to September 2022. Data were collected by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and by check list reviewing medical documents. Results: The Mean (±SD) age of the participants was 32.50(±2.08) years and ages of them were between 20-45 years. Among the participants, 78.70% were married, 54.62% and 45.38% were SSC and HSC qualified respectively. Maximum participants (76%) used to brush their teeth in the morning. 86% participants used tooth paste and 11.12% participants used tooth powder as cleaning materials. Usually 48% visited dental clinic for gum bleeding. 71% of the participants had no bad habits of affecting the oral health except 15% were with a habit of smoking. Among 46% participants with abnormal gingival colour, had the habit of taking gul (6.9%), some participants (9.35%) with the habit of smoking were found with bleeding gum. A remarkable number of respondents (6.24%) with gum swelling had the habit of taking gul. Among all, 44% of the participants had swelling of gum. 43% of participants had abnormal gingival colour and 5% had gingival ulceration. Conclusion: Lack of personal and oral health awareness among the soldiers lead to various types of oral disease which needs to exhilarate for a healthy life. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 56 No (1) June 2023, pp 14-20

The evaluation of the effectiveness of conventional and pulsating toothbrushes on the oral health of healthy and mentally disabled pediatric patients.

Children, especially the mentally disabled, are generally incapable of obtaining adequate oral hygiene levels by manual brushing due to their lack of knowledge about oral hygiene and their limited motor skills. In order to handle those limited skills, different designs of manual and electric toothbrushes are developed and put on markets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulsating toothbrushes with easy-to-use properties, against conventional toothbrushes and to analyze their benefits on mentally disabled pediatric patients. Thirty-one healthy and 31 mentally disabled children (aged between 7 and 12) participated in this study. The effectiveness of three different toothbrushes (Oral-B Pulsar, Colgate 360° Micro Sonic Power, Oral-B Stages 3) was investigated with a cross-over study design. DMFT, dft, modified sulcus bleeding index (MOD-SBI), approximal plaque index (API) and Green and Vermillion simplified oral hygiene index (G&V OHI-S) measurements are performed to evaluate the oral hygiene status. In the mentally disabled group the manual toothbrush for MOD-SBI, and Colgate 360° Micro Sonic Power for API showed the best results respectively. The ability of tooth brushing was improved both in healthy and in disabled children during this 5 months study. Unfortunately, it was not obvious in disabled children. Persevering training for tooth brushing might be the most important regardless of the kind of toothbrush.

The Severity of Periodontitis in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Study

Abstract Objective Indonesia is one of the top five countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). There were 18 million DM patients in 2020, and this number has doubled in has doubled in 2022. The main complication of DM in the oral cavity is periodontitis. Periodontitis and DM have a bidirectional relationship. Controlling the severity of both diseases can improve the quality of life of DM patients. The aim of this study is to determine the severity of periodontitis in older people with type 2 DM. Material and Methods This research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 263 patients aged ≥ 60 years, taken using a purposive sampling technique. The diagnosis and severity of periodontitis were based on the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD) clinical parameters. The diagnosis of DM was established by measuring HbA1c. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the distribution of severity of periodontitis. Results In total, 42 people (16%) in this study did not experience periodontitis, and 221 people (84%) experienced periodontitis with 4.5% of the study population suffering from mild periodontitis, 21.3% moderate periodontitis, and 74.2% severe periodontitis. The results of this study indicated that severe periodontitis was the most common category in patients with type 2 DM. Severe periodontitis is the most common type of periodontitis at all levels of age, occupation, and education. It was found most commonly among those aged 60 to 65 years, housewives, and those with elementary education level with moderate or poor oral hygiene. Conclusion Almost all respondents who suffered from type 2 DM experienced periodontitis, severe periodontitis being most common category at all age levels, occupations, education, and oral hygiene status. The severity of periodontitis in this study tended to be due to high HbA1c levels.

The Relationship between Parenting Pattern of Parents who Work Outside the Home to the Oral Hygiene of Preschool Children in Bobbin Area of Jember

Objective: To examine the overview and relationship of parenting styles of working parents on the oral hygiene of preschool children in the Bobbin Area of Jember. Metode: Parenting styles applied by each parent vary depending on their perspective. Various parenting styles applied by parents to their children include democratic or authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved parenting styles. One form of parental concern for their child is maintaining oral hygiene. Preschool children are one of the most vulnerable groups to dental and oral health problems. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach and using purposive sampling technique. The study used 79 respondents who filled out a questionnaire. Results: The average parenting style applied by parents is authoritative and the status of oral hygiene of preschool children is fair. Conclusion: There is a difference in the value of the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) of children in each application of parenting styles by parents, and there is a relationship between the parenting styles of working parents and the oral hygiene of preschool children in the Bobbin Area of Jember.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE ORAL HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AGED 3-5 YEARS

Given the high prevalence of caries in deciduous and permanent teeth in children worldwide, it is necessary to expand educational programs for students at various levels, to engage in health education initiatives targeting parents, teachers, and policymakers. Such efforts aim to foster interest and awareness among stakeholders involved in shaping health policies. Our study aimed to assess the efficacy of the "Form for recording oral hygiene skills of children aged 3 to 5 years," developed by our team, as a means to enhance children's oral hygiene proficiency. Following the implementation of preventive measures in the first group, we observed a notable enhancement in the oral hygiene index, decreasing from 1.71 to 1.55 points between the initial and final assessments. This improvement correlates with the advancement of children's practical skills with age, alongside the active involvement of parents in their children's oral care routines. In the second group, the hygiene index significantly worsened with each examination. A comparison of this index between the groups at the second and third examinations revealed a significant difference. Children were also divided into groups, which we monitored according to the state of oral hygiene. In the first group, 45.7% of children had good oral hygiene during the first examination, 53.3% during the second, and 72.4% during the third. This rise can be attributed to a decrease in cases of children exhibiting poor hygiene, dropping from 20% to 6.9%. In the second group, children with good hygiene decreased from 51.4% to 28%. The group average remained satisfactory at each visit, but the number of children with poor hygiene increased from 14.3% to 52%. All of the above is aimed at reducing caries of temporary teeth, which is the main unresolved issue of modern pediatric dentistry.

Prevalence of oral Capnocytophaga species and their association with dental plaque accumulation and periodontal inflammation in middle‑aged and older people.

Capnocytophaga species are commonly found in human oral microbiome. The aim of the present study was to understand the association of the prevalence of oral Capnocytophaga species with oral hygiene and periodontal inflammation. A total of 136 patients (median age 72 years) who visited the Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan) between April 2021 and June 2023 were enrolled. Swab samples were obtained from the tongue surface. DNA from Capnocytophaga species (C. ochracea and C. sputigena) was detected by real-time PCR analysis. Dental plaque accumulation was observed to assess the oral hygiene condition of participants. Additionally, clinical periodontal inflammation was assessed with periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) scores. Clinical confounding factors such as age, sex, lifestyle-related disease, remaining teeth and denture wearing between Capnocytophaga species-positive and -negative groups were adjusted with a propensity score matching method. Mann-Whitney U and χ2 or Fisher's exact test were employed for statistical analysis. The prevalence rate was 67.6% for oral C. ochracea and 83.1% for C. sputigena. C. ochracea-positive participants showed significantly higher plaque control record scores (an indicator of dental plaque accumulation) than C. ochracea-negative participants (P=0.03). Additionally, C. ochracea/C. sputigena dual-positive participants exhibited significantly higher plaque control record and PISA scores than non-dual-positive participants (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). Propensity score matching was conducted in the C. ochracea/C. sputigena dual-positive group and the non-dual-positive group for adjustment of clinical factors, resulting in 51 matched patient pairs. C. ochracea/C. sputigena dual-positive participants had significantly higher plaque control record scores than non-dual-positive participants (P=0.02). The present results suggest that the prevalence of both oral C. ochracea and C. sputigena is associated with poor oral hygiene in middle-aged and older people.

Relationship between vaginal and oral microbiome in patients of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer (CC) and to develop novel prediction models.Materials and methodsThis study included 164 samples collected from both the vaginal tract and oral subgingival plaque of 82 women. The participants were divided into four distinct groups based on their vaginal and oral samples: the control group (Z/KZ, n = 22), abortion group (AB/KAB, n = 17), HPV-infected group (HP/KHP, n = 21), and cervical cancer group (CC/KCC, n = 22). Microbiota analysis was conducted using full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing with the PacBio platform.ResultsThe vaginal bacterial community in the Z and AB groups exhibited a relatively simple structure predominantly dominated by Lactobacillus. However, CC group shows high abundances of anaerobic bacteria and alpha diversity. Biomarkers such as Bacteroides, Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Dialister, Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus, and Prevotella were identified as indicators of CC. Correlations were established between elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and local/systemic inflammation, pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, which contribute to unevenness in the vaginal microenvironment. The altered microbial diversity in the CC group was confirmed by amino acid metabolism. Oral microbial diversity exhibited an inverse pattern to that of the vaginal microbiome, indicating a unique relationship. The microbial diversity of the KCC group was significantly lower than that of the KZ group, indicating a link between oral health and cancer development. Several microbes, including Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Propionibacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria, were identified as CC biomarkers. Moreover, periodontal pathogens were associated with blood CRP levels and oral hygiene conditions. Elevated oral microbial amino acid metabolism in the CC group was closely linked to the presence of pathogens. Positive correlations indicated a synergistic relationship between vaginal and oral bacteria.ConclusionHPV infection and CC impact both the vaginal and oral microenvironments, affecting systemic metabolism and the synergy between bacteria. This suggests that the use of oral flora markers is a potential screening tool for the diagnosis of CC.

Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status of Children Aged 12–15 Years in Government vs Private Schools in Jammu City

Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status of Children Aged 12–15 Years in Government vs Private Schools in Jammu City

Periodontal Health among Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities Living in a Saudi Institutional Rehabilitation Centre.

The aim of this study was to explore periodontal health among intellectually disabled individuals living in an institutional rehabilitation centre in the Al-Baha Region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024. Clinical oral examinations were carried out using the World Health Organization criteria for bleeding sites and the presence of periodontal pockets. Simplified oral hygiene and community periodontal indices were employed to evaluate participants' oral health. A total of 89 participants, comprising both males and females with intellectual disabilities, were included in this study. Gender, severity of intellectual disability, type of additional physical disability, tooth brushing habits and oral hygiene status were significantly associated with the presence of periodontal disease. Additionally, poor oral hygiene, not brushing teeth and periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm and 6 mm or more were significantly more prevalent among individuals with severe and moderate intellectual disabilities (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of periodontal disease among the studied population was 54%. The odds of having periodontal disease were significantly higher in the severe intellectual disability group compared to the mild intellectual disability group (OR = 2.328, 95% CI = 1.430-3.631, p = 0.03). It was also found that intellectually disabled participants with additional physical disabilities suffered more from periodontal disease than those without additional physical disabilities (OR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.235-4.023, p = 0.025). Overall, individuals with intellectual disabilities had a significant demand for periodontal care. This study highlighted the need for more organised preventive programmes for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Dentists should be vigilant about improving periodontal health, focus on preventive programmes and provide comprehensive dental care with an emphasis on periodic recall and monitoring.